200-word composition of folk houses in southern Anhui

Folk houses in southern Anhui refer to ancient villages located in the Yangtze River to Nanshan in Anhui Province, represented by Xidi and Hongcun. They are historical and traditional villages with the same regional cultural background and rich Huizhou cultural characteristics.

Huizhou, a mountainous area in southern Anhui, has a long history and profound cultural accumulation, and has preserved a large number of traditional buildings and villages with similar forms and distinctive features. The ancient villages in southern Anhui are not only ingeniously combined with topography, landforms and mountains and rivers, but also with the strong economic strength of Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties, culture and education are increasingly prosperous. After returning home, those Huizhou merchants conceived to build houses with elegant, cultured, lofty and detached mentality, which enriched the cultural environment of ancient villages and made the village landscape more prominent.

The biggest difference between the location of ancient villages in southern Anhui and other villages is that the construction and development of ancient villages in southern Anhui have been separated from the dependence on agriculture to a considerable extent. The consciousness, lifestyle and taste of residents in ancient villages have greatly surpassed the ideology of farmers and the general public class, and they are pursuing literati.

The life interest of the official class is the same, so it has a strong cultural atmosphere. On the basis of the basic pattern, ancient villages in southern Anhui adopted different decorative techniques, such as building small courtyards, digging pools, arranging leaky windows, skillfully setting bonsai, carving beams and painting buildings, and creating elegant living environment, which all reflected the extremely high cultural quality and artistic accomplishment of local residents.

The ancient village in southern Anhui is located in ancient Huizhou (now Huangshan City, Jixi City, Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province). Xidi and Hongcun are the two most representative ancient dwellings, and they are also the typical representatives of China's late feudal culture-the carrier of Huizhou culture, which embodies the exquisite Huizhou dwellings.

Southern Anhui has the characteristics of folk houses, well-preserved village forms and beautiful scenery. Since ancient times, the village has respected Confucianism and attached great importance to education, and its style of writing is prosperous, which embodies the Huizhou cultural phenomenon that reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as the feudal ethical culture of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism, the clan culture that lived in groups, the geomantic culture of village construction, and the Huizhou merchant culture that was good at Confucianism, etc., with profound historical and cultural connotations.

65438-0999 At the 24th World Heritage Committee of UNESCO, Xidi and Hongcun, two ancient dwellings in yi county, Anhui Province, were listed in the World Heritage List because of their well-preserved traditional features. This is the second time that Huangshan Mountain's natural and cultural landscape has been listed on the World Heritage List. It is also the second city in China with more than two World Heritage Sites after Beijing, and it is also the first time that folk houses have been listed on the World Heritage List.

White walls and harmony are the outstanding impressions of Huizhou architecture. The patchwork horse-headed wall not only has a shape.

The residential buildings in southern Anhui are beautiful, and more importantly, there is a practical function of firewall to stop the spread of fire. One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is high walls and deep courtyards. On the one hand, it is to prevent thieves, on the other hand, it is the need for mobile families suffering from displacement to gain psychological security. Another feature of Huizhou folk houses is the inner courtyard centered on the deep patio, surrounded by high walls, with almost no tiles outside, and only the narrow patio is used for lighting, ventilation and communication with the outside world. This basic shape with patio as the center and high walls closed is the focus of attention. Rainwater falling on rainy days flows into the patio from four roofs, commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "fat water does not flow to outsiders", similar to Shanxi folk houses.

Southern Anhui is famous for preserving a large number of ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xin 'an is the hometown of culture, and there are many bureaucrats and businessmen in history. There are hundreds of non-commissioned officers in Shexian County alone. Huizhou merchants are all over southern Anhui. "The leaders of rich houses are the first to promote Xin 'an in the south of the Yangtze River", and their great wealth has created this exquisite museum of ancient houses in southern Anhui. The ancient buildings in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were mainly concentrated in yi county, Shexian, Jixi and Xiuning. Yixian has more than ten ancient villages such as Xidi, Hongcun, Bishan and Pingshan. There are many ancient buildings in Miancheng. The county has preserved hundreds of valuable ancient buildings. There is 122 building in Xidi alone. There are 365 ancient buildings, more than 0/00 precious buildings and 27 ancient ancestral halls in Shexian County, which are concentrated in Xiongcun, Chengkan, Qiankou, Tang Yue and Shen Du villages. Jixi now has more than 100 ancient buildings, concentrated in Xiangtou, Kengkou, fengcun and Shangzhuang.

Ancient villages are generally composed of memorial archways, houses, ancestral halls, water inlets, road pavilions and workshops. Some villages are very large, for example, there are 99 streets and lanes in Chengkan, and strangers often get lost when they go in. Many villages are well organized, and the water system in Hongcun is an example. Hongcun dammed the mountain at the head of the village, and the canals in the village entered every household from both sides of the street and merged into the Moon Pond in the middle of the village. Then it is diverted to households and flows into South Lake. Every household has large and small canals for washing clothes and drinking water. The layout of residential buildings is generally a courtyard centered on the courtyard, with a height of two floors. Large and medium-sized houses adopt multi-courtyard combination, and the buildings are all white walls and tiles. In the old days, the buildings of many large families were large in scale, decorated with three sculptures in Huizhou, with exquisite layout and patchwork. Pieces of ancient buildings in southern Anhui are embedded in the vast mountains and beautiful waters of Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Xin 'anjiang River. It is a world-class park without makeup.

The site selection, layout and architectural form of ancient residential villages in southern Anhui are all guided by the geomantic theory of Zhouyi, which embodies China's traditional philosophy of harmony between man and nature and his yearning for and respect for nature. Those elegant Ming and Qing residential buildings are closely combined with nature to create a scientific and interesting living environment, which is the essence of traditional residential buildings in China. The unique water system in this village is a model of water conservancy project combining practicality and aesthetics, which profoundly embodies the outstanding wisdom of human beings in using and transforming nature. Its "exquisite layout, ingenious structure, exquisite decoration, exquisite construction and profound cultural connotation" is really rare in ancient Chinese residential buildings.

Goodbye Hongcun is the most representative of many Huizhou residential villages in southern Anhui. From the overall appearance, Hongcun is a peculiar cow-shaped ancient village in the Peach Blossom Garden of the ancient Miao nationality, which has both the interest of Shan Ye and the scenery of water town, and is known as "the village in Chinese painting". Every household in the village is connected by waterways, and gurgling spring water flows from every household. The buildings are stacked with lakes and mountains, with scenery everywhere, step by step, and the feeling of leisure is fascinating.