The fundamental difference between ancient Han people and barbarians. At that time, there was no such thing as ethnic minorities, right?

Basically, from the Xia Dynasty, the ancient unified dynasty turned people who were not in its territory into barbarians, but it was not absolute. For example, the expansion of territory, some mountain people were barbarians, but now they have become people after assimilation, not barbarians.

Shan Hai Jing, the earliest existing geographical work, shows that the one-point square structure came into being more than two thousand years ago. In this book, "The World" is divided into five parts centering on the Central Plains. In Historical Records of Xia Benji, several equidistant grades are carefully depicted, which are centered on the "country of the son of heaven" in the Central Plains, and then extend to the southeast, 300 miles and 200 miles respectively. Starting from this concept, barbarians are all based on Chinese culture in the Central Plains and call the surrounding areas "barbarians".