Pipeline layout and design of electromechanical installation engineering?

With the improvement of people's requirements for temperature, humidity, cleanliness and comfort of buildings. With more and more electromechanical systems, the construction of electromechanical installation project is more difficult. The key point of construction difficulty lies in solving the contradiction between installation space and pipeline construction. How to optimize the comprehensive layout and design of electromechanical pipelines without affecting the use function and installation difficulty has become the focus of electromechanical construction.

1. Basic requirements for comprehensive pipeline layout

(1) Avoidance principle: In addition to the basic principle that small pipes give way to large pipes, pressure pipes give way to non-pressure pipes, and normal-temperature pipes give way to low-temperature pipes and high-temperature pipes, it is also necessary to arrange according to the actual situation on site. First of all, consider air ducts, buses, etc. These pipes are difficult to bend backward, and other pipes should pass through their gaps as much as possible to ensure the design parameters. (2) In the process of layout, it is necessary to take large pipelines first, and minimize pipeline crossing, so as to balance the relationship between ceiling elevation and cost. (3) After the electromechanical pipeline is laid out, draw a profile and introduce the layout of the pipeline in more detail for construction. Using Bim technology, through roaming, we can explain the layout mode and the actual situation on site more vividly and stereoscopically.

2. The principle of comprehensive pipeline layout

(1) Avoidance principle: large-sized ventilation pipes, high-voltage bridges, busbars and pressureless drainage pipes are given priority, and other pipes can be appropriately bypassed, but they cannot be bent indefinitely. General space layout is based on 200mm space under strong and weak current bridge beam, 200 ~ 400 mm space under fire water pipe beam and 400mm~700mm space under air conditioning professional pipe beam. For the space with smoke exhaust system, it is usually 400mm~900mm, with air conditioning and smoke control pipes (the pipes are arranged in layers according to the design requirements when necessary). (2) Arrange the pipeline with larger diameter first, and then arrange the pipeline with smaller diameter. The main loop pipe of air conditioning water is usually installed under the beam and attached to the beam, with the principle of minimum cost of pipeline cross arrangement. (3) The pressure flow pipeline avoids the gravity flow pipeline. According to the design requirements of drawings and pipeline materials, the slope of pressureless drainage pipeline is usually controlled between 3‰~ 1%, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation on site when the design requirements are met. (4) Normal temperature pipes should avoid hot water pipes and cold water pipes. According to the order of project cost, hot water pipes are arranged first, then cold water pipes are arranged, and finally normal temperature pipes are arranged.

3. Present situation of traditional electromechanical architecture

The deepening design of electromechanical pipeline is complex, and there are inevitably problems such as mistakes, leaks, errors and bumps, and the rework is serious. At the same time, many changes in mechanical and electrical drawings lead to the need for large-scale revision, which is time-consuming and laborious and causes great waste. There are a lot of project data, which is difficult to concentrate and chaotic in management. Construction materials are difficult to control, and there is a deviation between the material plan and the actual demand, which increases the material cost and delays the construction progress. Due to unreasonable arrangement in the construction process, the progress is delayed, a lot of people, money and materials are wasted, and a lot of construction costs are increased. Communication with owners, supervisors, consultants, subcontractors and material suppliers is inefficient. Without systematic engineering data, engineering maintenance is difficult.

4. Profit loopholes in traditional electromechanical installation

Design and construction losses caused by the technical scheme itself:-2 ~-35%; Accounts receivable under-calculated, omitted and uncollected:-5 ~-12%; The visa change process is opaque:-2 ~-10%; Rework and repair caused by quality defects:-5 ~-15%; Abnormal loss of turnover materials: -2~-5%.

5. Using BIM technology

The project schedule is saved by about 10%. Rework saved 60%. You can get a return of more than 10%. Quality and safety management capabilities have been significantly enhanced. Improve the ability of project cost risk management. After the project is completed, it will provide convenience for later maintenance and operation.

The difficulty of 6.6. BIM implementation

(1) staffing: experienced professional engineers have weak computer application ability, while young people have strong computer operation ability, but lack professional construction experience. (2) The family library of BIM software is not perfect, and there are still great difficulties in the use process. (3) In the actual construction process, there will be structural and installation deviations, and the model needs to be adjusted in time to adapt to the actual situation.

7. Application cases

7. 1 Project Introduction

The comprehensive service building in Gui 'an New District of Guizhou Province has a building area of 49636m2, with 9 floors above ground and 1 floor underground. The high use function and requirements of the project lead to many and complicated mechanical and electrical professional systems, among which the electrical system includes strong current system, weak current system, integrated wiring system and fire protection system; Water supply and drainage system includes domestic water supply system, drainage system, domestic sewage and wastewater system, fire hydrant water supply system, central air conditioning water system and spray system; The ventilation part includes ventilation, smoke control, air conditioning system and positive pressure air supply system. Because it is a public building, the design maximizes the use of space. Due to the limited installation space, it is necessary to ensure the construction quality on the premise of ensuring the ceiling elevation. There are many system pipelines, which are difficult to arrange and construct.

7.2 General idea

Comprehensive layout design should be carried out in the pipeline-intensive area of electromechanical specialty, and the comprehensive design should be deepened to ensure reasonable and orderly construction. Using BIM technology, the building model and electromechanical professional model are established, and they are comprehensively coordinated and optimized.

7.3 Construction effect of BIM technology application

(1) Establish pipeline models of various mechanical and electrical disciplines, check collision points together with structural models, export comprehensive plan and detailed drawings after adjustment, and cooperate with sectional drawings to guide subcontractors of various disciplines to construct in an orderly manner. (2) According to the size of the pipeline, arrange the construction process, first carry out the construction of ventilation pipeline and air conditioning water pipe, then carry out the construction of spray pipeline and fire hydrant pipeline, and finally carry out electrical piping. (3) Using BIM technology, by establishing models, laying out various professional pipelines, and exporting floor plans, cross-sections and axonometric drawings for easy disclosure. (4) During the installation, there was no rework problem caused by collision in various mechanical and electrical majors, which ensured the requirements of construction period and quality. (5) Reduce the collision and rework with civil engineering, fine decoration and exterior decoration, and reduce the construction difficulty. (6) Collect the size and specifications of the equipment in the project through the owner and suppliers, communicate with the owner in time, and adjust the equipment that is difficult to transport and install due to the narrow space.

7.4 Economic Effect of BIM Technology Application

Solve the problem of pipeline collision, reduce rework and reduce construction cost. The accuracy of material control has been greatly improved, and the engineering quantity not reflected in the drawings has been well reflected, which is the basis of settlement. In the process of modeling, unreasonable reserved holes can be found in time, which saves costs, reduces rework and speeds up the progress. Neglected expenses incurred by digging and plugging loopholes. Reduce the risk of additional installation costs caused by whether the device size conflicts with the device access channel. Ensure the clearance height, put forward opinions on the low clearance height caused by design defects in time, and improve the satisfaction of the owner. Support and hanger are used for equipment pipeline installation to reduce material cost. The changes in the process are well reflected.

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