Benhart Furniture History

1. Ming and Qing dynasty furniture historical background

The early Ming dynasty, engaged in handicrafts artists than the previous generation has increased, technology is also higher than the previous generation. Shen Defu of the Ming dynasty "sheltered broom Zhai Yu talk" said: "play good things, to the ancient for expensive, but this dynasty is not. Yongle of red, Xuande copper, the kiln of Chenghua, the price of the ancient enemy". Ming Wang Shizhen "goblet not goblet record" said: "the painting when the heavy Song, and thirty years suddenly heavy Yuan people, and even the town of Ni Yuan to catch the Ming Shen Zhou, the price of a sudden increase of ten times. Kiln when heavy brother, Ru, and fifteen years suddenly heavy Fude, to Yongle, Chenghua, the price also increased tenfold. Wuzhong goblet, and Hui people guide, can be blamed. Now my Wuzhong Lu Zigang of jade, Bao Tiancheng of rhinoceros, Zhu Bishan of silver, Zhao Liangbi of tin, Ma Xun fan, Zhouzhu business embedded and She embedded, Lv Aishan gold, Wang Xiaoxi onyx, are more than the usual price and then doubled. And its people to have sat with the red gentry. Recently heard that this good into the palace, the trend has not yet been also"

Ming Zhang Dai "Taoan Mengyi" has a similar record: "Wuzhong technology, Lu Zigang of jade, Bao Tiancheng of rhinoceros, Zhouzhu of the inlaid, Zhao Liangbi of the ruler of the tin, Zhu Bishan of the rule of silver and gold, Ma Xun, lotus leaf Lee's rule of the fan, Zhang Xiexiu's rule of the qin, the rule of the Fan Kun Bai three strings, all can be up and down for a hundred years, to ensure that there is no rival." "Nanjing Pu Zhongqian, ancient appearance of ancient heart, sell if incompetent, but the skill of its skill, take the work of heaven. Its bamboo, a broom and a brush, outline a few knives, the price of two counts.

Ming Dynasty Zhou Hui's "Jinling trivia" Volume III, said "Xu Shousu, Jiang Che, Li Xin repair ancient bronze like God. Zou Ying learned from Jiang Che, also second. Li Zhao, Li Zan, Jiang Cheng fan production is extremely sophisticated. Liu Jingzhi, small wood master". These materials illustrate a problem, that is, the Ming Dynasty Jiangnan region craft technology has greatly improved over the previous generation.

The art of furniture is also like other arts, in the early to mid-Ming Dynasty also had great development. Although the craftsmen did not leave their names on the artifacts, a large number of furniture treasures handed down to the present recorded their hard work and wisdom and glorious achievements. They have made a great contribution to the promotion of the motherland's outstanding culture and art, is a rightful artist.

2.1 The historical background and achievements of furniture in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods

1 Historical background

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770 years before - 221 years before), our country entered into a period of great turbulence in history.

Political: Slave society transformed towards feudal society.

Economy: the emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce

Culture: the emergence of great thinkers such as Laozi and Confucius and the hundred schools of thought.

2, types of furniture

Bronze smelting technology developed rapidly (bronze four dragons and four phoenixes program);

A large number of lacquered wood furniture instead of bronze furniture (lacquered wood beds, lacquered wardrobe boxes, lacquered cases).

The emergence of beds is a sign of the progress of human life. 1957 Henan Xinyang Changtai Guan Warring States Chu Tomb unearthed, is the earliest bed found to date in kind. Length 2.18 meters, width 1.39 meters, foot height 0.19 meters, height 0.44 meters. The body of the bed is painted in black lacquer, decorated with red square cloud patterns, and the six feet are carved with long square scrolling cloud patterns. The bed frame has two horizontal gears, a vertical gear, covered with bamboo strips woven small bed drawers, the bed has a bamboo pillow.

A few narrow, for leaning, with a certain height.

The case is used to place items of equipment, the case is wider, but shorter than a few. (Emerging Furniture)

3. What is the history of furniture

Ancient Chinese Culture - Ancient Crafts - Chinese Furniture Chinese culture, broad and profound, such as the bright stars.

And one of the stars, is even more remarkable, breathtaking. That star is the ancient Chinese furniture that has a long history.

The history of ancient Chinese furniture is a "wood created a beautiful poem" with a long history, a self-contained system, with a strong national style. Whether it is clumsy and mysterious Shang Zhou furniture, romantic and magical short furniture (Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin and Han periods) or elegant and elegant gradual high furniture (Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties period), gorgeous Runyan high and low furniture (Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties period), simple and elegant high furniture (Song and Yuan periods), or elegant and exquisite Ming furniture, elegant and noble Qing furniture.

All with its aesthetic sense of eternal charm to attract the love and pursuit of thousands of people in China and abroad.

Because of the national characteristics, customs, geography, climate, production skills and other different environmental impact, ancient Chinese traditional furniture and Western furniture on a very different path, forming a kind of exquisite craftsmanship, not easy to decorate, intriguing Oriental furniture system, unique in the history of the development of the world's furniture, with the characteristics of the Oriental art style. Ancient Chinese furniture has y influenced the development of furniture and interior decoration in the world.

Prehistory - furniture promiscuity, a long history of ancient Chinese furniture, a long history, a long history. As early as in the prehistoric period, the primitive ancestors used the hands of labor to create furniture, creating the art of furniture.

Among them, there are the oldest furniture - mat (for people to sit on the ground) and a variety of primitive wood - wooden case, wooden chopper, wooden several, etc., for the source of low furniture. Of course, with our eyes today to see the art of furniture creation in the early childhood of the Chinese nation, is somewhat rough and childish, but it is the childhood in the history of the development of China's ancient furniture.

Because of it, there will be later romantic and magical low furniture, gorgeous Runyan gradual high furniture, the essence of the national Ming furniture, elegant and noble Qing furniture. It is the source of China's classical furniture, will always show the immortal charm.

Color hinoki wood case was unearthed in 1978 in Xiangfen Taosi site, tomb 2001, with a wooden board hacking pin into a device. The surface of the case and the outside of the case feet painted, most of the pigments used for natural minerals, such as red with cinnabar, ochre with hematite.

When unearthed, the case has been slightly collapsed, deformation, the case is placed in the center of the folded belly ceramic (wine warmer), this tool is the ancestor of the bronze ban of the Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty type. It is China's most ancient wooden furniture unearthed to date.

Xia, Shang and Western Zhou - primitive and pristine Xia and Shang period furniture is the initial period of China's ancient furniture, its modeling and decoration primitive and pristine, rustic and thick. This period of furniture with bronze furniture (such as bronze altar) stone furniture (such as stone altar) and lacquered wood inlaid furniture (such as lacquered wood lifting disk).

Lacquer wood inlaid mussel shell decoration, the first generation of lacquer wood inlaid furniture. Due to the people's ideology at that time there is a strong concept of ghosts and gods, commercial furniture decorative patterns often have a solemn, majestic, fierce feeling.

Taotie pattern was unearthed in 1979 in the Liaoning Yi County flower building cellar. Copper, the panel is rectangular, under the relative inverted concave zigzag plate feet, plate feet when the empty ends of the two and a half ring-shaped nose even hinged ring.

The foot of the plate is decorated with delicate fine thunder pattern. Taotie pattern, the bell is also decorated with floral patterns, the bell is well-made, the form of China's bronze record of rare.

The vessel is now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum. Furniture sources Lacquer wood appliances: since the Neolithic era of lacquer wood technology, the development of the Xia and Shang dynasties, in the lacquer wood has been inlaid with mussels decorative, the opening of the later generations of lacquer wood inlaid with the first of the furniture of the inlaid shells.

Bronze decorated pot door (four-foot plate shape, before and after the emergence of two symmetrical features between the two feet) in the history of Chinese furniture continued for thousands of years. Spring and Autumn and Warring States The furniture of Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, with Chu-style lacquered wood furniture as a typical representative, formed the main source of China's lacquered wood furniture system.

Chu-style furniture categories: all kinds of Chu chopping block, exquisite and exquisite Chu lacquer case lacquer table, with the characteristics of the Chu small seat screen, so far the oldest bed ...... Chu-style furniture has a gorgeous and incomparable colors, romantic and magical patterns, to the theme of the dragon and phoenix clouds and birds, full of a strong concept of sorcery. Chu-style furniture as an early form of arts and crafts, its concise modeling has a profound impact on later generations of furniture.

The first painted wooden bed: China's earliest bedroom furniture, the ancestor of all types of beds for later generations. Chu-style small screen: marking the beginning of Chinese furniture with purely decorative value.

Carving techniques: are widely used in furniture decoration, relief and translucent carving. The opening of the later generations of furniture carving precedent.

Furniture sources Warring States "H" shaped table: its shape is heavy and ancient, marking the arts and crafts from the heavy bronze art to the development of lightweight lacquer art. Craft flow of bronze casting technology has developed greatly, the emergence of the "lost wax" casting method.

Qin and Han - a wide range of exquisite and exquisite The Han Dynasty period, China's feudal society entered the first period of prosperity, the entire Han Dynasty furniture craft has made great progress. Lacquer wood furniture of the Han Dynasty outstanding decorations, making the Han Dynasty lacquer wood furniture shining, exquisite.

In addition, there are a variety of jade furniture, bamboo furniture and ceramic furniture, and formed a complete combination of forms of furniture for living on the floor series. It can be regarded as the representative period of Chinese low furniture.

Furniture sources and flows sitting alone plate Libra: the Han Dynasty appeared a new type of small sitting, the ancestor of the generations of sitting. Several (more varieties): activity several, multi-layer several, roll ear several, and even the emergence of the prototype of the table.

The couch screen: a combination of screen and couch for the new varieties, marking the birth of the Han Dynasty emerging furniture. Kitchen and cabinet: new furniture emerged in the Han Dynasty, different from the traditional box box, mostly, storage of more valuable items.

Mirror table: Han Dynasty murals appeared the earliest image of the mirror table. For the round base on the coherent rectangular plate, the top of the installation of the disk.

The Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty - the new style of the emerging Wan Ya Xiuyi Ancient Chinese furniture form changes, mainly around the sitting on the ground and sitting on the feet of the two ways of changing, the emergence of a low and high type of the two major furniture series. The Three Kingdoms, two Jin and North and South Dynasties period, in the history of the development of ancient Chinese furniture is an important transitional period: the upper bearing the two Han Dynasty, the lower start of the Sui and Tang dynasties.

This period Hu beds and other high type of furniture from minority areas, and the integration of furniture with the Central Plains, making some areas of the gradual emergence of high furniture: chairs, stools and other furniture began to emerge gradually, lying furniture has gradually become higher, but on the whole, low furniture is still dominant. Furniture sources (furniture from low to high type of development, the upper bearing two Han Dynasty, the lower Sui and Tang Dynasty.)

Hu bed (seat): prompted the high type and the original low furniture in the Central Plains to carry.

4. The villa history of Villa Tugendhat

The only original furniture preserved is the closet. Mr. and Mrs. Tugendhat came from a Jewish family and were entrepreneurs in the textile industry. They only lived in the villa for eight years, and in 1938 they left for Venezuela, leaving the villa for good. in October 1939 the villa was taken over by the Gestapo. In 1944 the villa was destroyed by a bomb that exploded in the garden. The bombed house remained there until the end of the war, the damaged furniture was never recovered, at the end of April 1945 the Red Army troops arrived and later it was used as a stadium. In September 1985 the villa was opened, but not to the general public, but has always been used as "the only symbol of the city of Brno".

The villa was transferred to the management of the Museum of the City of Brno and opened to the public, and at the end of 1995 the city decided to renovate the first floor of the first floor with a replica of the original. This was an important step towards the reconstruction of the entire house.

5. Royal The origin of furniture and history

The origin of Chinese furniture is one of the earliest countries in the history of furniture in the world, originated in the Xia Dynasty, experienced different periods, seven stages of development and change: The first stage - Xia, Shang, Zhou: the prototype of the early Chinese furniture stage, the beginning of the first furniture named "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch", "couch". First stage - Xia, Shang, Zhou: early Chinese furniture prototype stage, the beginning of the first furniture named "couch"; the second stage - Spring and Autumn, Warring States and the two Han Dynasty: the birth of a relatively low furniture; the third stage - Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties: the emergence of high-shaped furniture; the fourth stage - Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties --Stage 4 - Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties: a period of high-shaped furniture extravaganza, high-shaped and short-shaped furniture coexisted and developed; Stage 5 - Song and Yuan: high-shaped and short-shaped furniture is more numerous and complicated; Stage 6 - Ming: the heyday of Chinese furniture (due to the tools and the way it was made); Stage 6 - Ming: a period of the Chinese furniture. Furniture's heyday (due to the development and maturity of tools, crafts, materials); Stage VII - Qing: the decline of furniture, but the Ming and Qing furniture is the most influential representative of Chinese furniture.

6. The history of rattan furniture

Rattan furniture is one of the world's oldest varieties of furniture, first brought to Europe by European merchant ships in the 17th century. People in Egypt found with wick grass basket, its age can be traced back to 2000 BC, and in ancient Rome frescoes are often seen sitting in wicker chairs on the portrait of the official adults. In ancient India and the Philippines, people chose rattan to make a variety of furniture, or cane cut into very thin and flat cane, compiled into a variety of patterns, do chair backs, do cabinet doors or rattan ware.

Rattan furniture is China's traditional furniture, which has a long history of raw materials and craft technology sources. Because it is purely handmade crafts, once with the rapid development of society, this aspect of the reduction of talent, rattan furniture art heritage is quite difficult, the number of rattan furniture and the scale of production value has also been greatly reduced. And in recent years, rattan furniture by virtue of its unique shape and function, technology and materials, value and practicality of a high degree of unity and once again won the favor of the people, its type, structure, shape, technology and products ushered in a great trade development prospects. In the modern furniture market has a strong attraction, glowing with infinite vitality and vigor. At the same time, China's rattan furniture sales at home and abroad, to bring people's lives fresh and pure, quiet and elegant countryside atmosphere, can to a certain extent alleviate the pressure of people's lives, so that people go back to the basics, soothing, cozy life.

China's development and utilization of rattan furniture has a long history. According to previous reports, before the Han Dynasty, high-footed furniture has not yet appeared, people sit and lie down with furniture for the seat, couch, which has a woven rattan mat, rattan mat and bamboo mat, known as woven mat, was a higher level of a mat. The Yang Fei outreach", "Chicken Lin Zhi", "things Jiyuan supplement" and other ancient books, there are records of rattan mats. Rattan mat is a relatively simple rattan furniture at that time. Since the Han Dynasty, due to the development of productive forces, the rattan craft level, China's rattan furniture varieties are increasing, rattan chairs, rattan beds, rattan boxes, rattan screens, rattan utensils and rattan handicrafts appeared one after another. Chinese ancient book "Sui Book" appeared to rattan as offerings, the Ming Dynasty Zhengde years compiled "Zhengde Qiongtai Zhi" and the subsequent "Yachuan Zhi" recorded the distribution and utilization of palm rattan. Rattan furniture was preserved on the shipwreck of Zheng He's voyage to the West Ocean in the Ming Dynasty in Fujian Quanzhou Museum, all of which confirmed the level of development of rattan furniture in China at that time. In the existing fine Ming and Qing dynasty furniture, there are also seats are rattan seat surface.

According to the Qing Guangxu years published "Yongchang Fu Zhi" and "Teng Yue Hall Zhi" records, western Yunnan Tengchong and other places on the use of palm rattan can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, so far, there have been 1,500 years of history; in southern Yunnan, according to the Qing "Yuanjiang Fu Zhi" and the Republic of China "renewed the new compilation of the Yunnan Tongzhi," records, the use of palm rattan began at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, so far, there have been more than 400 years of history. According to research, Yunnan rattan ware had a high level before World War II. At that time, Yunnan rattan ware was exported to Southeast Asia and Germany and other European countries. Among Yunnan rattan wares, Tengchong rattan wares have the highest reputation. Rattan weaving is known as Tengchong three good, history books Tengchong is also known as Tengchong Teng Yue, Tengchuan, Tengchong, which can be a glimpse of Tengchong rattan, the Great Hall of the People had regarded as a collection of treasures.

7. The history of Western furniture development in several periods

The development of Western furniture can be roughly divided into five periods: 1, the Renaissance Renaissance, the pattern of furniture is mainly expressed in the twisted rope (twisted pattern), egg-shaped, short spears, beaded wire feet and leaf ornaments, floral decorations and so on.

Decorative themes: religion, history, fables. Furniture main materials: walnut, basswood, oak, rosewood and so on.

Tongue and groove materials: bone, ivory and wood of different colors in the early days, the prevalence of the development of polished marble, onyx, tortoiseshell and gold and silver and other precious materials inlaid into a *** style of floral decorations. Characteristics: symmetrical shape.

Mon fabric: the use of leather dyed with bright colors. 2. Baroque period Carved motifs: irregular pearl shells, mermaids, mermaids, Neptune, seahorses, wreaths, scrolls and so on.

Use: often use the human statue as a desktop support legs, or desktop under the horizontal support decoration. Characteristics: In addition to exquisite carvings, gold leaf veneer, gold and color lacquer and thin wood appliqué decoration is also very popular.

3, Rococo period Characteristics: soft, winding lines and refined, delicate. Characteristics: white as the base, in the white base skeleton with beautiful curved carving, through the gold painted or painted gold, and then finally high-grade nitro to show the beautiful texture of the color of the paint.

Decorative motifs: mainly lions, sheep, foliage trim, leaves and spear-shaped patterns. 4, neoclassicism Characteristics: exquisite workmanship, refined and simple modeling Characteristics: straight line as the tone of the fine details of the decorations are not too dense to the right angle as the main body, the pursuit of the overall proportion of the harmony and echo.

Decorative motifs: mainly decorated with roses, bouquets and ribbons, cups and other combined items were tied with beautiful flower knots. 5, the Victorian period Characteristics: is the representative of the 19th century chaotic style, indiscriminately synthesize the history of furniture forms.

The design tends to degenerate. The components are heavy, and the furniture has comfortable curves and rounded corners.

Characteristics: after 1880, the furniture was made by machines, using new materials and technologies, such as metal tubes, cast iron, bent wood, laminated wood panels. The chairs were fitted with coil springs, and the decoration included inlay, paint, gilding, and carving.

The use of mahogany, oak, green dragon wood, ebony and so on. Pattern pattern: including classical, Rococo, Gothic, Renaissance, Oriental Turkey and other very mixed.

8. History of European furniture

According to relevant records, the history of the development of European classical furniture in five stages.

1, the Renaissance

Renaissance, the pattern of furniture is mainly expressed in the guilloche (twisted pattern), egg-shaped, short spears, beaded wire feet and leaf ornaments, floral decorations and so on.

Decorative themes: religion, history, fables. Furniture main materials: walnut, basswood, oak, rosewood and so on.

Tongue and groove materials: bone, ivory and wood of different colors in the early days, the prevalence of the development of polished marble, onyx, tortoiseshell and gold and silver and other precious materials inlaid into a *** style of floral decorations. Characteristics: symmetrical shape.

Fabric: leather dyed with bright colors.

2. Baroque period

Carved motifs: irregular pearl shells, mermaids, mermaids, Neptune, seahorses, garlands, scrolls and so on.

Use: often use human statues as tabletop support legs, or tabletop under the horizontal support decoration.

Characteristics: In addition to exquisite carvings, gold leaf veneer, gold and color lacquer and thin wood parquet decoration is also very popular.

3. Rococo period

Characteristics: soft, winding lines and fine, delicate.

Characteristics: white as the base, in the white base skeleton with beautiful curved carving, through the gold painted or painted gold, and then finally high-grade nitro to show the beautiful texture of the original color coating.

Decorative motifs: mainly lions, sheep, foliage trim, leaves and spears.

4, neoclassicism

Characteristics: exquisite workmanship, refined and simple modeling

Characteristics: straight line as the tone of the fine details of the decorations are not too dense to the right angle as the main body, the pursuit of the overall proportion of the harmony and echo.

Decorative motifs: mainly decorated with roses, bouquets and ribbons, cups and other combined items are tied with beautiful flower knots.

5, the Victorian period

Characteristics: is the representative of the 19th century chaotic style, indiscriminately synthesize the history of furniture forms. Design tends to degenerate. The components are heavy, and the furniture has comfortable curves and rounded corners.

Characteristics: After 1880, the furniture was made by machines, using new materials and technologies, such as metal tubes, cast iron, bent wood, laminated wood panels. The chairs were fitted with coil springs, and the decoration included inlay, paint, gilding, and carving. The use of mahogany and oak, green dragon wood, ebony and so on.

Patterns: including classical, Rococo, Gothic, Renaissance, Oriental Turkey and other very mixed. Rome earlier than Gothic

9. History of furniture

A knowledge of furniture (a) the meaning of furniture and its characteristics From the meaning of the word, the furniture is the household utensils; some places to call home furniture, that is, household sundries.

Precisely, furniture has a broad and narrow sense. Furniture in the broad sense refers to a class of instruments that are essential for human beings to maintain a normal life, engage in production practices and carry out social activities.

Furniture in the narrow sense refers to life, work or social practice for people to sit, lie down or support and storage of a class of appliances and equipment Furniture is not only a simple function of the material products, but also a widely popular popular art, which is to meet the specific purpose, but also to meet the people to watch, so that people in the process of contact and use of a certain kind of aesthetic *** and trigger a wealth of associations. The spiritual needs. Therefore, furniture is both a material product, but also artistic creation, which is often said to be the dual characteristics of furniture.

The type, quantity, function, form, style and production level of furniture, as well as the possession of the time, but also reflects a country and region in a historical period of social life style, the level of social and material civilization, as well as historical and cultural characteristics. Furniture is a country or region in a historical period of the development of social productivity level of the symbol, is a way of life is epitomized, is a cultural form of the manifestation of the furniture cohesion of the rich and profound social.

(B) the constituent elements of furniture furniture is composed of materials, structure, appearance and function of four factors, of which the function is the guide, is to promote the development of furniture power; structure is the backbone, is to realize the function of the foundation. These four factors are interconnected and mutually restrictive.

As the furniture is to meet the material needs of people and the use of certain purposes of design and production, so the furniture also has a functional and formal aspects of the appearance of the factors. The following describes the main content of these four elements and the relationship between them.

1, the material material is the material basis for the composition of furniture, in the history of the development of furniture, from the materials used for furniture can reflect the level of development of productive forces at that time. In addition to commonly used wood, metal, plastic, rattan, bamboo, glass, rubber, fabric, decorative panels, leather, sponge and so on.

However, not any material can be applied to furniture production, the application of furniture materials also have a certain selectivity, which should mainly take into account the following factors. (1) Processing technology.

The processing of materials directly affects the production of furniture. For wood materials, in the processing, to take into account the impact of its moisture and the resulting shrinkage, anisotropic fission and porous.

Plastic materials should take into account its ductility, thermoplastic deformation. Glass materials to take into account its thermal brittleness, hardness, etc..

(2) texture and appearance quality. The texture and texture of the material determines the special feeling of the appearance quality of the product.

Wood is a natural material, natural texture, beautiful, realistic image, feel good, and easy to process, coloring, is the production of furniture of superior materials. Plastic and its synthetic materials have the simulation of a variety of natural materials texture characteristics, and has good coloring properties, but it is easy to aging, easy to heat deformation, with the production of furniture, its service life and use of the scope of restrictions.

(3) economy. The economy of furniture materials, including the price of materials, materials, processing labor consumption, material utilization and material sources of richness.

Although wood has a natural texture and other advantages, but with the increase in demand, wood reserves are decreasing, resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and wood materials similar to the economic and beautiful materials will be widely used in the production of furniture. (4) Strength.

Strength should be considered in terms of its grip and anti-splitting properties and modulus of elasticity. (5) Surface decorative properties.

In general, the surface decorative properties refers to the feasibility of its painting, gluing, carving, coloring, ironing, branding and other decorations. 2, the structure of the structure refers to a certain combination of materials and components used in furniture and the way of connection, which is based on the use of a certain function and the composition of a structural system.

It includes the intrinsic and extrinsic structure of the furniture, the intrinsic structure refers to a certain combination of furniture parts and components, which depends on the changes in materials and the development of science and technology. Such as metal furniture, plastic furniture, rattan furniture, wooden furniture, etc. have their own structural characteristics.

In addition, the external structure of the furniture in direct contact with the user, it is a direct reflection of the appearance of the modeling, so the scale, proportion and shape must be adapted to the user. For example, the height of the seat surface, depth, back tilt angle of the chair can lift the sense of fatigue; and storage furniture in the user-friendly access to the premise of the items to be stored with the scale of the items to adapt.

The external structure of the design according to this requirement, but also for the aesthetic requirements of furniture to lay the foundation. 3, the appearance of the form of furniture directly in front of the user, it is the function and structure of the visual performance.

The appearance of furniture depends on its structure, especially the external structure. But there is no correspondence between appearance form and structure, different appearance form can be expressed by the same structure.

Appearance form exists a greater degree of freedom, the combination of space has a considerable selectivity, such as the basic structure of the dresser are the same, but the appearance of the form is very diverse. Furniture appearance form as a function of the external performance, but also has a cognitive function, therefore, has the information conveyance and symbolism; can also play its aesthetic function, thus producing a certain mood atmosphere, the formation of a certain artistic effect, giving people the enjoyment of beauty.

4, function Any piece of furniture is designed and produced for certain functional purposes. Therefore, the function constitutes the center of the furniture, is the precursor, is to promote the development of furniture power.

In furniture design, the first should be from the perspective of function, the design of the object to analyze, and thus to determine the material structure and appearance of the form. Generally speaking, the function of furniture products can be divided into four aspects, namely, technical function, economic function, use function and aesthetic function.

(C) the classification of furniture l furniture has what types? 1, according to the furniture from the style can be divided into: modern furniture, European classical furniture, American furniture, Chinese classical furniture (that is, mahogany furniture), there are more popular in recent years, such as neo-classical series of furniture. 2, according to the material used in furniture is divided into: solid wood furniture, panel furniture, upholstered furniture, rattan furniture, bamboo furniture, steel furniture and other man-made materials made of furniture (such as glass furniture, marble furniture, etc.).

3.