The integrated transportation system includes

The comprehensive transportation system includes five transportation subsystems: railway, waterway, highway, aviation and pipeline.

1, railway:

Railway system is an efficient land transportation mode, which has the characteristics of long-distance transportation and bulk cargo transportation. The advantages of railway system include low energy consumption, highly controllable transportation speed, reliability and relatively low operating cost. It is especially suitable for transporting heavy goods, such as coal, ore and containers.

Railways also have less impact on the environment, which helps to reduce road traffic pressure.

2. Waterway:

Waterway transportation is a way to transport goods through inland waterways, rivers and oceans. It is a transportation mode with high energy efficiency and low transportation cost. Waterway transportation can be divided into inland river transportation and maritime transportation. Inland river transportation is suitable for long-distance and large-capacity cargo transportation, such as grain, fuel and building materials.

Shipping is responsible for trans-ocean and cross-sea cargo transportation, supporting international trade and global supply chain.

3. Highway:

Highway system is the most common mode of land transportation and the most flexible mode. Suitable for short-distance cargo transportation, urban internal distribution and personal travel. The advantage of expressway system is that it is convenient and can go door to door directly, but there are also problems such as traffic congestion and carbon emission.

The development of modern technologies such as autonomous driving and electric vehicles is gradually improving the efficiency and sustainability of road transportation.

4. Aviation:

Air transportation is one of the fastest modes of transportation, which is suitable for long-distance, transnational and intercontinental transportation of goods and people. It has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency and global coverage, especially in dealing with emergencies and cargo transportation with high timeliness requirements. However, air transportation has the problems of high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, high safety and high cost.

5. Pipeline:

Pipeline transportation is a special transportation system, which is mainly used to transport liquids, gases and powdery substances, such as oil, natural gas, water and chemicals. It has the characteristics of high degree of automation, low running cost and large throughput, and is suitable for long-distance and large-capacity material transportation.

Pipeline system usually requires large-scale infrastructure investment, but it can be cost-effective and long-term stable operation.

These five traffic subsystems complement each other, * * * isomorphic into an integrated traffic system. In the era of modern globalization, the coordinated operation of each subsystem is very important to support international trade, ensure resource supply and promote economic growth.