Development mode of agricultural product logistics

The circulation channels of agricultural products in world-class cities can be roughly divided into "market circulation" and "off-site circulation". Market circulation refers to the process that producers circulate, trade and form prices of agricultural products in various wholesale markets directly or through listed groups and collectors, and finally transfer agricultural products to consumers through retailers, processors and large consumer groups; OTC circulation refers to the form of circulation in which agricultural products are directly transferred to retail institutions, consumer groups or sold to individual consumers or directly traded by producers, listed groups, retailers and consumers without being traded in the wholesale market. Due to the influence of social system, agricultural production and economic development level of various countries, the formation of world agricultural products circulation and trading system and agricultural products market system is different. At present, the logistics modes of world agricultural products can be summarized into the following three types. The United States, Canada and Australia are the main representatives of this model. The direct selling system of the North American model is very developed, and the sales of agricultural products are mainly direct selling. For example, the agricultural product market system in the United States is characterized by a developed grain futures market. The proportion of direct sales between fruit and vegetable producing areas and large supermarkets and chain distribution networks accounts for about 80%, and only about 20% is sold through wholesale markets. Due to the development of retail chain management networks and supermarkets in these countries, the scale and strength of their retailers are growing, which requires stable supply and timely distribution, and the circulation form of direct sales in the place of origin has also emerged. In these countries, large and medium-sized supermarkets and chain retailers control the trade of agricultural products. For example, the supply of agricultural products in new york is not concentrated near the suburbs, but comes from distant specialized production areas, and most of the circulation transactions of agricultural products are sold directly to retailers from the production areas. The developed expressway network and modern transportation and preservation facilities also provide important technical support for new york to realize direct sales of producing areas. Its domestic agricultural products circulation mainly presents the following characteristics: ① the market of origin is concentrated; (2) Wholesale land sales markets are located in big cities; ③ Short circulation channels, few links and high efficiency; (4) complete service institutions; ⑤ There are both spot market and futures market, and market transactions are mainly counterparty transactions.