Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Introduction?

Yingxian Fogong Temple Shijia Pagoda is located in the northwest of Yingxian City, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, Yingxian Fogong Temple, commonly known as Ying

Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Landscape (9 pictures)

County Wooden Pagoda. Built in Liao Qingning two years (AD 1056), Jin Mingchang six years (AD 1195) additional repairs completed. Is China's highest and most ancient one of the existing wooden tower-style building, but also the only one wooden structure cabinet-style tower, for the national key cultural relics protection units.

The tower is located in the temple on the north-south axis between the gate and the hall, belonging to the "tower before the hall" layout. Tower built on a four-meter-high pedestal, tower height of 67.31 meters, 30.27 meters in diameter at the bottom, was a plane octagonal. The first floor fa?ade heavy eaves, above the layers are single-eaved, *** five layers of six eaves, the layers sandwiched between the dark layer, is nine layers. Because the bottom layer is heavy eaves and corridor, so the appearance of the tower for the six eaves.

The layers are supported by two circles of wooden pillars inside and outside, each layer has 24 pillars outside and eight inside, and many diagonal braces, beams, square beams and short pillars are used between the wooden pillars to form a compound beam-type wooden frame in different directions. Some people calculate that the whole wooden tower *** with red pine wood 3000 cubic meters, about 2600 tons of weight, the overall proportion is appropriate, architectural grandeur, artistic sophistication, the appearance of a stable and solemn.

The tower at the bottom of the north and south of each open a door, the second floor above the weekly flat seat railing, each layer is equipped with a wooden staircase, visitors climb step by step, up to the top. Two to five layers each layer has four doors,

Shanxi Shuozhou Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (panoramic view)

Wooden partitions are set up, there is plenty of light, go out and look out over the fence, Hengyue such as a screen, the Sanggan seems to be a belt, all in the eye, relaxed and happy. Pagoda layers are molded statue of Buddha. A layer of Sakyamuni, 11 meters high, dignified face, pleasant demeanor, the top of the beautifully ornate algal wells, the inner groove wall painted with six Ru Lai Buddha, the doorway on both sides of the wall is also painted on the King Kong, heavenly kings, disciples, etc., the mural colorful, lifelike characters. The second layer of the square altar seat, molded on a Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and two coercive service. Three altar seat octagonal, molded on the four sides of the Buddha. Four layers of Buddha and Nuo, Gaya, Manjushri, Puxian statue. Five layers of molded Vishnu Sharana Buddha and NPC Bodhisattva. The Buddha sculpture is fine, each with the mood, has a high artistic value.

The top of the tower for the octagonal pointed style, on the iron brake, beautifully crafted, and tower coordination, more so that the wooden tower is magnificent. Tower each layer of the eaves are equipped with wind chimes, the breeze blowing, ding-dong sound, very pleasant to the ear.

Edit this section of the design achievements

Yingxian Wooden Tower design, boldly inherited the Han and Tang Dynasty since the national characteristics of the form of the heavy building, making full use of traditional architectural skills, the extensive use of arch structure, the whole tower **** with 54 kinds of arches, each arch has a certain combination of forms, and some of them will be the beams, square, columns into a whole, each layer forms an octagonal hollow structural layer. Scientific and strict design, perfect construction, ingenious, is a national style, national characteristics, but also in line with the religious requirements of the building, in ancient China can be said to have reached the highest level of architectural art, even now also has a high research value.

Shanxi Shuozhou Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (partial)

The tower is designed for the plane octagonal, the appearance of five floors, the bottom layer of the expansion of a circle of corridors, known as the "sub-steps around the turn", and the bottom of the roof of the tower body constitutes a heavy eave, so the **** there are six heavy tower eaves. There is a dark floor under each floor, so the structure is actually nine floors. The appearance of the dark floor is a flat seat, along the flat seat of each level with a railing, you can look out over the fence, and the body and mind are dissolved in nature. The whole pagoda is 67.3 meters high, about 2.2 times the diameter of the bottom layer, and the proportion is quite thick, although it is high and steep without losing its gravity. The eaves of the pagoda are basically straight and the angles are very gentle. Flat seat with its horizontal direction and the eave of each layer of the tower to coordinate, and the tower body contrast; and with its materials, colors and processing techniques and the eave of the tower to contrast, and the tower body to coordinate, is the eave of the tower and the tower body of the necessary transition. Flat seat, tower body, tower eaves overlap and up, the separation is clear, clear account, emphasizes the rhythm, enriches the contour line, but also increases the horizontal lines. So that the towering pagoda when looking back to the earth, firmly situated on the earth. The heavy eaves treatment at the bottom strengthens the sense of stability of the whole tower.

Because the tower was built on a 4-meter-high two-story stone masonry pedestal, inside and outside the two slots columns, constituting a double-sleeve structure, columns between the head of the columns and Pu Pu Fang, columns between the foot of the ground ambient and other horizontal components, inside and outside the slots between the beam Fang connected to the double-sleeve tightly integrated. Dark layer with a large number of diagonal braces, structural role of the ring beam, to strengthen the structural integrity of the wooden tower. Tower built more than three hundred years to Yuan Shun Di, had experienced a major earthquake seven days, still towering. Pagoda Ming layer are statues, the first layer of Shakyamuni Buddha tall and solemn, the top of the vaulted algal wells to give a person the feeling of heavenly high and inexplicable. The first floor of the wall of the inner groove has six Ru Lai portrait, proportionality, colorful, six Ru Lai on both sides of the top of the flying sky, it is lively and full of grace, is a rare masterpiece of mural painting. The second floor due to the eight sides to light, a main Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and two coercive arrangement, vivid posture. The third floor of the four-sided Buddha, facing the four directions. On the fifth floor, there is a seated statue of Shakyamuni in the center and eight Bodhisattvas sitting in eight directions. Utilizing the high space without dark layer in the center of the pagoda to arrange the statue to enhance the solemnity of the Buddha, is a model of rational design of the building structure and use of functional design.

The Three Wondrous Towers of the World

Together with the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Leaning Tower of Pisa, it is known as the Three Wondrous Towers of the World.

Edit this section of the cultural deposits

The wooden tower since its completion, successive generations of celebrities hanging plaques inscribed couplets, profound meaning, strong writing, for the wooden tower color

Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Landscape (two) (16)

Quite a lot. Among them: Ming Emperor Zhu Di in the Yongle four years (1406 AD), led the northern expedition, stationed in Yingzhou, climbed the city to enjoy the pro inscription "Jiejie Shen Gong"; Ming Emperor Zhu Houwei Zhengde three years (1508 AD), Governor of the army in the Yanghe (Yanggao County, Shanxi), should be the state of the area to defeat the invasion of the Tartar Prince, climbed the wooden pagoda banquet for meritorious officers, the inscription "the world's wonders", the wooden pagoda is the first time to see the world's wonders. The title is "Wonder of the World". Inside the tower there are 54 plaques and couplets of Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Couplets also have superior works, such as "the four sides of the clouds and mountains arching a pillar, riding the wind and moon ten thousand smoke and fire connected to the clouds"; "checking through the clouds and looking west to Yanmen Dan Cui is small, Linglong invasion of the blue Han South look at the dragon's head Cuifeng low". In addition, with the wooden tower is the tower found a number of extremely valuable cultural relics of the Liao Dynasty, especially the Liao engraved color seal, filled the blank in the history of China's printing. Cultural relics to the scrolls for more, there are hand-copied, there are Liao woodblock printing, some scrolls up to more than 30 meters long, is rare, for the study of China's Liao dynasty politics, economy and culture provides valuable physical information.

Buddhist tooth relics

In Shanxi Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda, enshrined two for the world's Buddhist community Zunzong's sacred relics of Buddha's tooth relics, it is mounted in the silver silhouette of the two seven treasures enshrined in the test confirmed to be the Sakyamuni spirit tooth remains.

Buddhist tooth relics

486 BC (the Buddha's demise of the age of 489, 487, 486, 484, 483, 482, 478, 477 BC said), Sakyamuni nirvana, aged 80 years, Buddha after the demise of the Buddha, **** left seven Buddha tooth relics.

Today's Buddhist community, Sakyamuni Tabi exactly how many teeth left behind, views differ. One says that four Buddha's teeth were left behind after the Buddha's demise, another says that seven Buddha's teeth were left behind after the Buddha's demise.

How many teeth were left after the Buddha's demise? And what is the basis of the debate between the various parties?

Anyone who has studied the Buddhist scriptures knows that the record of Buddha's teeth comes from the Mahaparinirvana Sutra. There are three versions of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra***. The first version is the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (three volumes) translated by Fa Xian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; the second version*** has three translations: the first translation is the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (40 volumes) translated by Tuan Zhi of the Tianzhu Tripitaka of the Northern Liang Dynasty, the second translation is the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (36 volumes) translated by Huiyan of the Shamen of the Song Dynasty in accordance with the Nihuan Sutra, and the third translation is the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (6 volumes) translated by Fa Xian of the Shamen of the Pingyang Dynasty of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; The third version is the translation of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (later divided into volumes above and below) by Ronaldo, a shamen of the Nanhai Bo Ling Kingdom of the Great Tang Dynasty.

The above three versions are all called the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, and all of them are the classics that record how Shakyamuni died in nirvana. The first two versions do not mention that the Buddha's teeth were left behind after the Buddha's demise, and it is only in the Fourth Sacred Body Contouring and Running Piece under the third version of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra (later divided into upper and lower scrolls) that it is recorded that there were Buddha's teeth left behind after the Buddha was killed in a tantric mass:

Maximum Prakritika Nirvana Sutra

At that time, the emperor held seven precious vases and offerings and went to the place of the Tathagata, where the fire was extinguished naturally and instantly. When the emperor opened the precious coffin of the Buddha to invite the Buddha's tooth, Lou Te asked, "What are you doing?" The answer was "I want to invite the Buddha's tooth to return to heaven to make offerings". Lou Tei said: "Do not always take, can wait for the public Er Nai **** points." The emperor said, "The Buddha first gave me a tooth relic, so I came to the fire will be extinguished." The emperor said that is the language has opened the treasure coffin, in the Buddha's mouth right side of the upper jaw to take the tooth relics, that is to return to the sky to set up a tower to make offerings. At that time, there were two Rakshasas who followed Dishonored One in stealth and were invisible to all. They stole a pair of Buddha's tooth relics. At that time, all the ladies and gentlemen in the city came at once to fight for the relics. Lou Tei said: "The masses should know to stay and peaceful, as the Buddha said, should be as the law **** points offerings." At that time, all the masses of women in the city, do not hear what Lou Tei said. Is each holding spear lance bow and arrow sword, lance all war equipment, each solemn desire to take the relics. At that time, the city masses that open the Buddha coffin, Duluo white trembling hair is not burning. The masses see has been again big cry, tears filled eyes, each will hold the sadness offerings, deep heart worship tears long kneeling, the same say gatha praises.

Then the World Honored One's great compassion, shattered the golden body into the end of the Sherry. But the four teeth were not to be destroyed. The masses of people who saw the relics were no longer heavy with grief, and made offerings to them with tears in their eyes.

Through the above version of the citation, we know that after the demise of the Buddha, **** left seven Buddha's teeth relics. That is, before the cremation of the Buddha, leaving the world three Buddha's teeth, one for the emperor invited away, two for the Jetsun Rakshasa stolen; Buddha cremation, in the vajra body broken into the end of the relics and then left four Buddha's teeth. This means that there are seven Buddha's teeth relics in heaven and earth.

Turning over the vast sea of Buddhist texts, said a pair of Buddha's teeth, only the south of the "Great Nirvana Sutra" a, visible in this pair of Buddha's teeth have inseparable karma. Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda found two Buddha's teeth relics, should be the South of the "Mahaparinirvana Sutra" recorded in the Jetsu Rakshasa stealthy theft of a pair of Buddha's teeth.

From the historical books, "Buddha's statistics" Volume 53, "Song senior monks biography" Tang Daoxuan lawyer biography, etc. have the north sky Buddha teeth Record of this matter. "Tang Daoxuan lawyer in Ximing Temple practice, Prince of the Northern Heavenly Kings to Jie Rakshasa granted Buddha teeth on the teacher", Daoxuan lawyer has been preserved and enshrined this rare treasure Buddha teeth relics, and in his thirty-fifth year of age when he visited the tour of Shanxi will be a pair of Buddha's teeth to the Yanmen Pass outside the military town of Jincheng, Yingzhou. Folklore canon in which zha's father tower Li Tianwang hands of the pagoda is said to be the Yingxian pagoda, ancient legend, should also be the edge of a pair of Buddha's tooth relics and Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda of the origin of the relationship. From now on, this "desert north of the famous area, to serve the big clan" of the "clouds in the first county" has become a deep refutation, colorful chapter, for the birth of this great integration of the Chinese nation's life trajectory suggests that the true nature of the Brahma's reason.

Ying County is known as the ancient Yingzhou

Ancient and modern literati in Ying County have been many ways to examine the historical origins of its name. Ming Tian Hui had explained that it is Yanmen Longshou two mountains echoing the name, obviously is the chiseling. Buddhist scriptures say that the Buddha's holy relics "should be the way of heaven, under the group of buds, in fact, should be the ground. The "heavenly way, the group of budding" means the gods and goddesses in the sky, the ground beings, the Buddha's bones and teeth show the place, is "should be land". This is the origin of the ancient name of Ying County, "Yingzhou". A pair of Buddha's teeth in the "should be" Yingxian reappeared on earth, here shows the excellent karma, Yingxian must be the world of Yingxian, Sakya Pagoda of course, is the only Buddha Rui present in the world of the dojo.

If you have the opportunity to view the domestic temples enshrined in the Buddha's teeth, will find that its size, shape are obviously different from the current human teeth, people will inevitably be confused, Sakyamuni Buddha is not also 2500 years ago in ancient India, Jabirovai Prince of the country? How the Buddha's teeth with our teeth have such a big difference?

Doubt one

Is this really the Buddha's spiritual teeth? Why would the Buddha's spiritual teeth be so big and have a shape so obviously different from human teeth? Of course, all the people with doubts would naturally think that if the ancients used other animal teeth instead, then why didn't they choose to replace them with human teeth that were readily available?

In fact, the Buddhist scriptures have a clear record of this: the scriptures say that the Buddha's solemn appearance, there are "thirty-two phases, eighty kinds of good". In the "thirty-two phases, eighty kinds of good", there is about "Buddha teeth" should be the following "three phases" and "two good".

The "three phases" are:

1. twenty-two phases: the phase of forty teeth

2. twenty-three phases: the phase of all the teeth being close together

3. twenty-four phases: the phase of teeth being dipped in oil and white and yellow

The "two good things" are:

The "two good things" are. "are:

1. thirty-fourth: the teeth are square and bright

2. thirty-fifth: the teeth are long and clean

Doubt 2

Can Buddha's teeth be so long? The scriptures also say that Shakyamuni Buddha is the body of six, that is to say, the Buddha height is 4.5 times the height of modern people. Sakyamuni's "teeth" were eight more than normal, twenty in each upper and lower jaw. The teeth should be characterized by a square columnar end flat, the ratio is 1:0.014. From this we can calculate the length of the Buddha's teeth should be between 6-8 centimeters.

From the record of "thirty-two phases, eighty kinds of good" to analyze, about the Buddha's teeth, "a phase", "a good" is to say that the Buddha's teeth were "yellowish-white, square-shaped columns, shining and crystalline".

And because the Buddha had forty teeth, twenty on each side of the upper and lower, their end surfaces must be flat and smooth, otherwise the Buddha's mouth would close without disturbing and show strange faces.

According to the Buddhist classics, the spiritual teeth left behind by the Buddha will grow fine grains of relics in the roots and grooves of the teeth, and on the body of the teeth.

Tang Xuanzang, "Datang Western Regions - Gashimiro country" recorded Venerable Xuanzang in the Western India had a pilgrimage to the Buddha's teeth, the Buddha's teeth are three inches long, the oil dipped in bright, glittering.

Based on Buddhist classics and historical records, Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda collection of two Buddha's teeth, such as the law, its color, size, shape and form completely consistent with the Buddhist classic records. As Taiwan's great monks, African Buddhist teacher Huili said: "Before building a pagoda, there must first be a great bodhisattva should appear in the world, with all kinds of convenience, calling all living beings, can build a pagoda".

The poem, "The mountain is high, the view is good". Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda of a pair of Buddha's teeth, for thousands of years in people's minds, such as mountains, such as Jingxing (Avenue), to look up to, to be physically active. Proceeding to Yingdi gives rise to goodwill, and viewing the Buddha's teeth gives rise to goodness. For every pilgrim, isn't this the meaning of life?

Edit paragraph Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Structure

Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is China's highest and oldest pure wood structure tower of the heavy building type, the height of the whole tower is 67.3 meters, higher than the famous White Pagoda in Beijing, 16.4 meters. Tower body *** divided into five layers of six eaves, if you add the inner four dark layer

Shanxi Shuozhou Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (partial)

, can also be considered as nine layers. This tower was built in the Liao dynasty Qingning two years (1056 AD), has been 940 years, although the storms, strong earthquakes, shell bombardment (the tower bullet scarred, you can see embedded in the warheads), still standing. It all relies on the arch, columns and beams inlaid insertion anastomosis, without nails without rivets, with more than 50 kinds of arches of the mat support joint masonry and become. Ancient people to solve architectural problems of high technology, even modern people also feel incredible. Such as the tower bottom corridor eave supported by 24 wooden columns, in the static lower each column load 120 tons, but the columns under the stone base is not at all nest mortar, wooden columns section directly on the stone base. It is said that there are curious people, once with two hands to hold a thin rope, from the stone base and wooden columns across. Therefore, there is a folk legend that the 24 wooden pillars are intermittent in turn. The whole tower is equipped with wooden staircases, which can be climbed to each floor step by step, and every time you ascend to the first floor, you will have a different view. In the third floor of a silver threshold coupling is well written: 'to put the eyes of the poor thousands of miles of sight, picking clothes try on six layers to'; three floors outside the groove of the east side of the west side of the wooden coupling on the book: 'overlooking Sangqian rolling waves haunting like a belt, distant Heng Yue Cangcang Cuizhu standing like a screen', says the surrounding breathtaking The most special thing about this pagoda is that the The most special thing about this pagoda is that the statues enshrined in it are very large and highly skillful. The statue of Sakyamuni Buddha on the first floor is 11 meters high, which makes it even more majestic when you look up from inside the pagoda. Surrounded by murals of Vajra, heavenly kings, disciples, and supporters, the brushwork is delicate and evocative, a painting style unique to the Liao Dynasty. On the second floor, due to the light coming from eight sides, it opens up, and a main Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and two assistants are arranged in vivid postures. The third, fourth and fifth floors also contain statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva, with different statues and constructions on each floor. This pagoda is outstanding among the countless pagodas in China in terms of construction technology, interior decoration and statue-making skills.

The Mystery of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Not Falling Down for a Thousand Years

As the world's tallest and oldest wooden Buddhist pagoda, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is 67.31 meters high. According to evidence, in nearly a thousand years, Yingxian Pagoda in addition to the day and night, seasonal changes, wind, frost, rain and snow erosion, but also suffered a number of strong earthquake attack, only crack in five degrees above the earthquake there are more than a dozen times.

According to historical records, Yuan Dade nine years in April, Datong Road, a strong earthquake of 6.5, sound like thunder, waves and wooden tower. Yuan Shun Di, Yingzhou earthquake for seven days, the tower beside the building are collapsed, only the wooden pagoda stood still. In recent times, Xingtai, Tangshan, Datong, Yanggao area of several major earthquakes, are affected by Yingxian, the wooden tower greatly swinging, wind chimes all ringing, lasted more than a minute, after the wooden tower is still standing tall. Relentless lightning strikes, years and months of the Seychelles winds, have imposed on the wooden tower of obscenity, military chaos, war smoke, but also made the wooden tower hurt. 1926 warlords chaos, the wooden tower had been hit by more than 200 rounds of bullets, bullet scars can be seen today. However, the tower is strong and unyielding, still standing proudly, straight to the clouds.

The wonders of the building structure, the special characteristics of the surrounding environment, coupled with man-made factors of protection, the wooden pagoda thousands of years do not fall, there is a certain rationality.

Ancient craftsmen practiced modern architectural theories after a thousand years

From the 1930s, many experts and scholars in China have been studying and exploring the mystery of the Wooden Pagoda's thousands of years of not falling down with great dedication.

Edit this section of the Wooden Pagoda shock-absorbing design over the modern

Chinese Academy of Engineering Ye Keming and Jiang Huancheng that the reason to ensure that the Wooden Pagoda thousand years will not fall down first from the theory of structural mechanics, the Wooden Pagoda's structure is very scientific and reasonable, mortise and tenon bites, rigid and flexible, this combination of rigid and flexible features have a huge energy-consuming role, the design of this energy consumption of shock-absorbing effect, and even more than the modern Architecture of the scientific and technological level.

From the structural point of view, the general ancient buildings are taken rectangular, single hexagonal or octagonal plane. While the wooden pagoda is the use of two inside and outside the set of octagonal, the wooden pagoda plane is divided into two parts of the inner and outer slots. The inner groove for the Buddha, the outer groove for personnel activities. Inside and outside the slot and respectively between the burden, rail forehead, PuBeiFang and beams, square, etc. longitudinal horizontal connection, constituting a very strong rigidity of the double set of barrel-type structure. In this way, it greatly enhances the wooden tower's resistance to collapse performance.

The wooden pagoda has the appearance of five layers, while the actual nine layers. There is a dark layer between every two layers. This dark layer from the outside is highly decorative arch flat seat structure, from the inside is a solid and strong structural layer, the building treatment is extremely skillful. In the process of reinforcement over the generations, and in the dark layer very scientifically added many string and warp direction diagonal bracing, composed of similar to the modern frame structure layer. This structural layer has better mechanical properties. With these four ring beams, the strength and seismic performance of the wooden tower is also greatly enhanced.

The arch is a unique structural form of ancient Chinese architecture, by which beams, square beams and columns are connected into one. Because the arch is not rigidly connected, so when subjected to wind and earthquake and other horizontal forces, the timber between the displacement and friction, which can absorb and lose part of the energy, played a role in adjusting the deformation. In addition, the wooden tower inside and outside the groove of the flat seat arch and beam square and other components of the structural layer, so that the inner and outer two circles combined into a rigid whole. In this way, a soft a rigid will enhance the seismic capacity of the wooden tower. Yingxian wooden tower design has nearly sixty kinds of different forms, functions have other arch, is the Chinese ancient architecture using the arch of the most types, modeling design of the most subtle building, can be called a arch museum.