What are the Hakka customs?

Hakka custom-making custom Hakka people in Liangjiang are guests. After visiting relatives and friends on the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, a grand family dinner will be held, and family members, old and young, and brothers separated from the kitchen will get together. Older and experienced family members will analyze and estimate the production progress of one year according to the past and future years, and younger family members will supplement it. Then concentrate on digging, harrowing and planting corn. After finishing these tasks, we began our busy spring ploughing. At first, the "February stove" (the second day of the second lunar month) is white. People (mainly women) will take candles, incense, meat dishes and glutinous rice to worship the "Kitchen God" and pray for the gods to bless the good weather and good harvests in the coming year. Later, sugarcane was planted and rice seeds were sown. When the seedlings are all grown, hurry to plough in the spring. Because of the heavy and tense spring ploughing work, most people help each other to finish transplanting rice. Management is everyone's business. When the crops are almost ripe, it is usually the old man who decides when to harvest and does not allow the children to say anything. During the summer harvest, all kinds of livestock and poultry industries have grown up, and fishing can also be done in the pond. Hakkas are happy to put on the most sumptuous meal on a table and have to "wash their eyes". After the mid-Yuan Dynasty, people were busy planting and harvesting autumn crops. Later, they concentrated on selling some crops they planted and listed their pigs, ducks, geese and fish. [Edit this paragraph] Hakka customs-living customs Hakka people in Guangxi have always maintained the characteristics of frugality and gregarious. Hakka guests are still relatively poor, eating porridge at noon in the morning and eating at night. The staple food, rice and rice porridge, is cooked by women in the morning and put in the cupboard when it is cold. Eat porridge during the day and at night. Rice is cooked by pouring out rice soup. They don't like rotten rice, so they cook in this way. When eating porridge, I like to mix porridge with cooked salt. Its non-staple food is pork and various vegetables, and it eats beef and other meat from time to time. Generally, pork is sliced, boiled, fried and served with seasoning. Fry vegetables in oil, then add ingredients and put them in a bowl. Hakka seasoning is nothing more than ginger, garlic, onion, sauce, spiced powder and monosodium glutamate. Their traditional dishes are braised pork, boiled chicken, vinegar ribs, vinegar large intestine and vinegar duck. Flavor foods include winter rice candy, sour beans and peppers. Dry to a semi-dry degree, and when it is bright yellow, you can open it and eat it in the acid jar. On the second, fifteenth and Dragon Boat Festival of the first month, Hakka people always make zongzi, including meat zongzi and mung bean powder zongzi. The stuffing for zongzi is prepared in advance with star anise powder, pepper, sauce and salt. Zongzi leaves for wrapping zongzi. On the second day of the second lunar month, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, glutinous rice is cooked, added with sugar, and the leaves are dyed in different colors, which is sweet and delicious. Solstice of winter. Everyone should eat boiled buns made of glutinous rice flour and meat stuffing. They have no habit of drinking boiled water. When they are thirsty, they use porridge and rice soup instead. They seldom drink tea, but mostly drink their own brewed rice wine.

The Hakka house is a big tile house. The traditional house is a bungalow. The hall is divided into an upper hall and a lower hall with a patio in the middle and a storage room behind the upper hall. Authentic, square table, mirror screen, with ancestral tablets on it. Eating is in the lower hall, and so is the fire in winter. On both sides of the upper hall are big bedrooms for the elderly and married couples, while on one side of the lower hall is a small bedroom for unmarried young people, on the other side is a kitchen, and there are pigsty on the left and right sides of the house. According to traditional customs, most old houses are reserved for the eldest son. [Edit this paragraph] Hakka custom-family custom Because Hakka people live in multiple ethnic groups, there are often houses with several clans in the same surname. The whole family name, the tradition has unwritten clan rules. Any major event that damages the reputation of the surname shall be resolved through consultation by the whole surname. If you fight with a foreign surname, every household will go out to solve it to prevent losses. Most Hakkas don't do it without authorization. If they are reasonable, they will argue with each other. If they are unreasonable, they will settle it amicably. Anyone who dares to violate the clan rules will be isolated by his people. Whenever pigs are killed, Hakkas will hold a banquet to entertain their people. Each household in the small village invites one person, and the big village invites prestigious old people and brothers living in the house. Once someone in the family is admitted to a technical secondary school or university, or joins the army or goes out to work, the Hakka people will hold a banquet for the brothers who come to congratulate. In order to maintain the unity of the clan, after the woman has passed the house, she usually lives together for three generations and four generations, if there are brothers and sisters below the south. The bride and groom must live with the elderly for a period of time before they can divide the kitchen. Even if you don't live in the same kitchen with the elderly, you should bear the obligation to support the elderly and raise your siblings. Otherwise, it is regarded as the inverse son. After the kitchen is divided, whenever there is good wine and good food, we should invite the old people to eat together or cook them a dish.

Because the family is valued, the elderly are highly respected. When eating, the old man's seat faces the gate to show respect, which is the custom of Hakka people. Adults sit on both sides, and children can only sit on the side facing the old man. If there are too many people in the family, men sit at a table and women sit at a table. When eating, children should take the initiative to help the elderly with food. When children help the elderly to add rice, they must carry bowls with both hands. When the old man is talking, the child can't interrupt or make any noise. After dinner, children should say "eat slowly".

In family customs, the birth of a child is highly valued. Hakka children were born in three dynasties. Grandma, sister-in-law, brother-in-law (sister-in-law) and married women wrapped eggs with bamboo radishes and came to the new delivery room to do the "Three Dynasties". Half a month later, grandma invited more women, carrying sweet wine, eggs, rice and hens to her nephew for "half a month", commonly known as "eating ginger wine". This banquet is the most lively. After the child's full moon, grandma asked a woman to make a "full moon" for her nephew. Hakkas generally live less than a year.

Fubo Temple, Adult Temple and Female Temple are visited by Hakkas every year. Even during the "Cultural Revolution", even though superstitious activities were repeatedly banned, Hakkas secretly visited. Fubo Temple was built in memory of Ma Yuan, a general of the Han Dynasty, and was held on the sixth day of the first month. The Adult Temple was built in memory of Chen Hongmou, the prime minister of the Qing Dynasty, who exempted the people of Guangxi from paying grain. The temple fair is held on the 19th day of the first month. This female temple was built in memory of Sanjie Liu. The temple site is in a cave, and a temple fair is held on the 29th of the first month.

Hakka ancestor worship is a great event. In March in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the whole family got busy and went to the ancestral graves to do ancestor worship activities. Every year, Hakka surnames in Tomb-Sweeping Day and Liangjiang Township are concentrated in Binyang to worship their ancestors, and generally one person from each family is sent to attend. During the solar term or the end of the year, Hakkas always worship their ancestors with meat dishes before eating. In the first month, the sacrifice must be placed on the fifteenth day before it can be removed. Most of the sacrifices in the first month are zongzi, pork head (whole piece) and popcorn.

Hakka people are used to worshipping their ancestors before spring ploughing, after summer harvest and after autumn harvest. First, listen to people with higher education explain genealogy and continue to write. Two, discuss the major issues that need to be solved within the surname, such as disputes with foreign surnames, construction, production, etc.

Hakka Customs-Hakka Marriage Customs Huizhou traditional folk marriage customs, based on feudal ethics and customs, are mostly red tape, which wastes people and money, and can be said to be quite vulgar. Confucian classic The Book of Rites? "Faint Instrument" said: "The husband's power begins with the crown, based on the faint (marriage), and is more important than the funeral sacrifice, specializing in recruiting the DPRK and shooting the hometown. This gift is not so bad. ..... surprise (marriage), also the gift of this. "It can be seen that Confucianism attaches importance to marriage customs. China's traditional culture has always attached importance to Confucianism, and under the influence of this thought, it has formed a rich and colorful wedding custom culture with many ceremonies. Huizhou's traditional marriage customs are generally the concrete expression of China's traditional culture in one place.

There are several forms of marriage in feudal society in Huizhou, such as arranged marriage, buying and selling marriage, employment marriage, referral marriage, child marriage, famine marriage, aristocratic marriage and power marriage. Among them, engagement marriage is particularly popular, and both bride price and money are indispensable, and its legacy can still be seen in Huizhou.

Engagement marriage has a long history in Huizhou. Guangxu's "Huizhou Fuzhi" records: "In marriage, betel nut is a commonly used dowry, and the more it is, the more expensive it is ... its engagement ceremony and dowry are called family wealth." In the past, betel nuts were sold in Chinese medicine shops. In the engagement ceremony, it is symbolic, while the real engagement ceremony tradition is mainly about money and food. "Official History" says that bride price is "related to family wealth", but in fact, the number of bride price is also considerable.

The traditional wedding etiquette in Huizhou is very complicated. From the words of the matchmaker at the beginning to the custom of returning to the door in the last three dynasties, it has experienced various pre-wedding ceremonies such as auspiciousness, ceremony, reporting the day, big gifts, and grand wedding ceremonies such as paving the house, welcoming the bride, paying homage to the bride and prolonging life.

The complicated folk wedding customs in Huizhou evolved from the "six rites" of feudal wedding etiquette. "Six Rites" originated in the Zhou Dynasty. According to the Book of Rites, the wedding procedures that should be followed at that time were "receiving the bride" (the matchmaker proposed the marriage), "asking the name", "accepting oneself" (the man buji, the woman officially recognized the marriage), "obtaining the certificate" (the ceremony ended), "inviting the wedding date" and "welcoming the bride" (welcoming the bride). These six links are the so-called "Six Rites" and the earliest marriage etiquette in feudal ethics. After more than 2,000 years, although there are variations, the Six Rites remain the same, and they can still be seen in wedding ceremonies all over the world.

The traditional wedding customs in Huizhou generally follow the following procedures.

(1) proposal

At the beginning of Huizhou traditional marriage, the first thing was to propose marriage. Usually the man invites the matchmaker to the woman's house to make peace. Proposing marriage is a variation of "accepting gifts" in the Six Rites. "Yili? The book "World Wedding" says: "The wedding is issued and the goose is adopted. "That is to say, before the Qin and Han Dynasties, marriage proposals were generally to feed geese as gifts. This means that it is suitable for yin-yang communication. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, cake sheep, acacia, golden harvest, glue paint and other things were used as gifts. Later, there were more than 30 kinds of gifts, which generally symbolized the firmness and harmony of the couple. At traditional weddings in Huizhou, most wedding gifts are made of live chickens or cloth. This kind of chicken is called "leading chicken" by the people, which means auspiciousness.

In the marriage proposal, the matchmaker is entrusted by the man's family to communicate with the woman's family with golden words. Because the matchmakers before Huizhou were mostly women, Huizhou used to call them matchmakers.

Matchmakers have existed in China since ancient times. In The Book of Songs, there is a poem "I was robbed of time, but my son didn't have a good matchmaker". Matchmakers in Huizhou traditional wedding ceremonies are generally divided into professional and non-professional types. Professional matchmakers make a living as matchmakers, so they don't hesitate to talk, tell lies, exaggerate the advantages of the other family to individuals, and hide the shortcomings of the other family, which often leads to some abnormal marriages. Because of this, in people's minds, the matchmaker often gives people an ugly image of "deceiving the gods and making money for others".

(2) gifts

The most grand and important ceremony before marriage is the "big gift" on the eve of the wedding. In the traditional engagement marriage, the bride price, dowry and dowry agreed by both families should be performed on this day. On this day, the man's family filled all kinds of boxes, boxes and reeds prepared in advance, pasted them with red cypress trees, or picked them or carried them, and the man's aunts and sisters sent them to the woman's house in a mighty way. It is common for a man to give a whole pig and a whole sheep in a "gift", so there are lyrics of "giving a gift to a pig" in folk songs. Cake food is also a must. Preparing "big cakes" is the custom in Huizhou. There are more than a dozen kinds of cakes, ranging from one to several according to the conditions and luxury of each family. However, it is not uncommon for ten kinds of cakes to be ready. In addition, there are necessary roast pork, chicken, goose, duck, fish and steamed cakes.

Upon receiving the bride price from the man, the woman immediately gave the original dowry to the man. The dowry in Huizhou traditional wedding customs is mainly daily necessities, such as clothes, quilts, pillows, mats, curtains, etc., as well as wardrobe, dressing table, suitcase, square table and other furniture. Nowadays, in addition to the main bedding, there are often sewing machines, refrigerators, televisions and rice cookers in dowry.

Generally, the day before the wedding ceremony, the festive atmosphere is very strong. Those aunts and sisters who give gifts are usually dressed up, dressed up and down, smeared with powder and oil, and paraded in the streets. Huizhou customs, gift-giving teams choose crowded roads and tell each other happy events along the way.

The custom of "giving big gifts" is close to the "receiving gifts" in the traditional "six gifts". "Yili" said: "levy, success, make the messenger pay money to get married." In other words, the bride price and dowry are paid before the woman can get married. In ancient times, the levy was also an important part, and the bride price used was also different from generation to generation. Qin used to use expensive Xuan Xun, silk binding and leather binding. Gold and silver were used in the Han Dynasty. Since then, customs have become more and more popular, and gifts have become more and more important. Most people of insight in the past dynasties regarded it as a drawback and wanted to put an end to it, but this trend has been prevalent throughout the ages. Among the "Six Rites", "levy" comes before "inviting Japan" and "reporting Japan", while "benefiting customs" comes after reporting Japan. They are somewhat different in time. Getting married immediately after the "big gift" is particularly lively, which is probably one reason why this custom is still popular in Huizhou.

(3) Pick up the bride

Receiving the bride is the "pro-welcoming" in the traditional "Six Rites". Kissing is the end and conclusion of "Six Rites". The wedding ceremony mentioned by modern people or the wedding ceremony mentioned by ancient people is marked by the ceremony of receiving the bride.

In ancient times, the wedding ceremony generally included three links: paving the room or warming the room, welcoming guests and returning to the door, which lasted for three days. Shop or warm the house on the first day, welcome guests on the second day and return to the door on the third day. The customs in Huizhou are different. Wedding basically refers to marrying the bride and delaying the bride. As for welcoming the bride (that is, receiving the bride), it mainly includes several main customs, such as paving the house, sitting in a sedan chair, sprinkling salt rice, crossing the fire and stepping on concave columns.

1. bunking: bunking is an ancient custom that has continued to this day. When a woman gives her husband a dowry, it is a custom for her sister-in-law to help decorate the new house. According to Huizhou custom, two points should be paid attention to when laying a room. First, pay attention to the orientation and feng shui of beds, cabinets and dressing tables. The most important thing is that the wardrobe mirror can't face the bed. In Huizhou custom, the mirror is synonymous with the magic mirror, but it is obviously unlucky to put the magic mirror on the bed. Second, people who buy houses should have a "good life". People think that the standard of a better life is mainly "many children and many blessings". Therefore, widows and infertile women are not allowed to participate in the store, and those who have many children are naturally the main participants in the store.

2. Flower Night: On the day before the bride's wedding, the sisters-in-law in the clan (who must choose the so-called lucky ones) should dress up for the bride, which is also called "flower arrangement" by the people. This night, also known as "Flower Night", is a very grand ceremony before the bride's wedding. During this ceremony, the bride is often accompanied by crying and singing. At this time, the bride is facing a major turning point in her life and is usually very emotional. But according to the old custom, after arranging flowers, the bride should sit in the pavilion and cry and sing until dawn. This is called "five o'clock vigil". On the night of flowers, the bride cried sadly and stayed up all night, showing a traditional wedding atmosphere of "mixed happiness and sorrow".

3. Welcome the New Year with a sedan chair: Huizhou traditionally uses a sedan chair to celebrate the wedding. In the 1950s, there was a sedan chair shop that rented sedan chairs. Carry two, four or eight large sedan chairs, embroider "phoenix peony" and "mandarin ducks with rich flowers", decorate with "four-color lanterns" and cover with "red silk", so it is called "sedan chair". When picking up the bride, the matchmaker leads the way, and the bride leads the sedan chair, drumming all the way. After arriving at the girl's home, the girls' sisters refused to go out, and the groom quickly sent "Lili". After passing the sisters, the bride can be taken out. The bride cried and refused to leave. The men used both hard and soft methods to coax her out of the boudoir and into the sedan chair. The groom must give the sedan chair bearer a "benefit" before he can get on the sedan chair. After several "struggles", the groom is often exhausted.

4. Sprinkle salt rice: When picking up the bride, there was a habit of sprinkling salt rice in some places in Huizhou in the old days. Put some salt, rice, black sesame seeds and other things in a container in advance, that is, sprinkle them along the road on the way to pick up the bride, which is called offering sacrifices to the bridge god; Scattered along the road is to worship the road god, which is the custom of sprinkling salt and rice in Huizhou traditional wedding customs. The custom of sprinkling salty rice is actually a variation of the traditional wedding custom of China. "Paving corn beans" appeared in the Western Han Dynasty and prevailed in the north of Song Dynasty. Its traditional view is "eliminating three evils", that is, exorcising ghosts and evil spirits, which is not much different from Huizhou folk "salted rice" It's just that "Sagu beans" are mostly relics in the north, which is not common in the south. In Huizhou, it can be seen that the origin of Huizhou customs is very long.

5. Cover your head, step on the concave column, and cross the fire: when the bride gets home, many relatives help her to get off the sedan chair with the sound of gongs and drums. This is the groom fanning each other with fans. If the elder sister-in-law of the man's family is shaped like a figure of eight, it must be covered with a lid (bamboo container), a sieve and other things to avoid paying homage directly. Folks believe that the bride's good or ill luck is the head, and she is very murderous. The groom uses a fan, which means "weakening her murderous look", and people avoid it, which means "avoiding her murderous look". In some places, when the bride gets off the sedan chair, the groom blocks the back of the bride's head with concave columns (containers edited by editors). This custom is also reflected in the crying wedding song circulating in Huizhou: "I (the bride) stepped on the sedan chair door to cover my head, and I thank you for your contribution." It seems that the bride is quite afraid of this "cover". According to the folk saying, every married woman should be filial, even if she gets into the sedan chair and goes to the man's house, she should turn back step by step, and the concave column of the groom is famous for covering the bride's line of sight. This practice is to let the bride concentrate on marrying the man's family and not always think about her own family. In addition to the custom of covering your head, there is also the habit of stepping on the column. When the bride got off the sedan chair, the man's family quickly laid a concave column at the bride's feet. When entering the house across the concave column, it is customary to let the bride cross the fire. Even if there is no special brazier, some old people will grab a handful of grass to burn at the door and let the bride pass. This custom is called "misfire" in the north. In some places, it is a long-standing folk custom to turn to carbon fire. He has two intentions. The first is to take the word "Wang". After the bride crosses the handle of Wanghuo, she will bring Wanghuo to her husband's family in the future. The other is to use the word "taboo", mainly to avoid evil spirits and worship. People believe that "evil" has two sources. One is that when they got married, the audience was like a cloud, and some of them were inevitably sick at home. Folks think they worship evil spirits, while Huizhou calls them "jealousy". Another evil source comes from the bride herself. A woman's body is "dirty", which is an old traditional concept in China. Therefore, the custom of excessive fire in Huizhou, although it means "flourishing fire", is mainly to ward off evil spirits. Ainny, silk grass, picking cards and other things burned in the brazier are all traditional things in China to ward off evil spirits. Especially "Wang Cao", known as "plaster" by Huizhou folks, is a special medicine for traditional "dispelling summer heat" in Huizhou. It is a protective medicine used by people to ward off evil spirits in birth and marriage ceremonies and worship of mountains.

6. Holding candles: "Holding candles" is an inevitable custom in traditional weddings in Huizhou. After receiving the bride, before the bride entered the bridal chamber, the boy put the candle in the bridal chamber first. This custom is the most exquisite in Huizhou, and folk songs also sing: "Hold the candle up to the bride's room (meaning the end, or the innermost meaning)." According to the customary practice, a boy should be preferred (generally, there are many brothers in the family), the bride should be picked up with the wedding procession (the candles have been taken), and the candles should be returned or placed directly in the bridal chamber. This is for children, which is vulgar. Taking boys with many brothers as an introduction and lighting incense for the bride and beauty will attract children and grandchildren.

7. Drum music for welcoming relatives: In the old customs of Huizhou, the whole process of "welcoming relatives" is generally non-stop, and the "drum music for welcoming relatives" recorded in Guangxu's Huizhou Fuzhi is. Su Dongpo once said: Huizhou "bells and drums do not distinguish between sadness and joy." It seems that the traditional wedding ceremony in Huizhou existed before the Song Dynasty. The wedding drum music in Huizhou is called "Gong and Drum Cabinet", which is mainly composed of gongs, cymbals and cymbals with suona. The drum band played back and forth in the wedding procession, which enhanced the festive atmosphere. According to Huizhou Records of Guangxu, the folk wedding in Huizhou is "beating the sun with drum music", which is also called "one-day drum" by the people. However, some rich people actually played music at their weddings, which was actually a "two-day drum" and a "three-day drum". In the old days, Huizhou had specialized drum music shops and professional drum musicians. When a man gets married, he can hire a special drum band as long as he spends money, so it is common to invite a drum band to join in the old wedding.

(4) The detained bride

When the bride arrives home, she will pay homage to the ancestors of heaven and earth, pay homage to her parents, and offer tea to the male elders in turn. This is called "drinking bride tea"; And the elders will also write "Li" packages, wishing the newlyweds good luck. After the ceremony, there will be a big banquet "Wine with the Bride". The bride does not appear at the old-fashioned wedding reception in Huizhou. Generally, she is sitting alone in the boudoir with an empty stomach. She can't look up, laugh or walk easily. She listens to the sound of revelry coming from the main hall alone. At this time, the bride is usually very worried, because she knows that those crazy drunks will rush into the new house after the banquet to "disturb" her. This is one of the most carnival scenes in Huizhou wedding-the late bride.

The delayed bride is used to saying that she will disturb the new house. "Stagnation" is Huizhou dialect, which means teasing. The delayed bride is teasing the bride. In fact, when the bride is still attending the church, the bride's delay has already begun. If the bride kneels slowly, someone will kick the bride's hind foot and make her fall to the ground. There was still a burst of booing, and people piled the bride under it. In the past, aunts, sisters and others who came with their daughters-in-law always made some preparations in advance, such as laying straw mats in front of the hall, so that the bride would not be covered in dust when she fell. However, male guests always try to make the bride look embarrassed.

After the wedding reception, people can't wait to pour into the new house. First, we should "eat bride's tea and smoke bride's cigarettes". According to the rules, the bride should order tea one by one. At this time, people often fill the boiling tea and deliberately let the bride burn it. And deliberately blew out the fire lit by the bride, so that the bride was at a loss; Later, let the bride walk on a long wooden bench several inches wide, which is called "crossing the overpass". The two ends of the bench are easy to tilt, and the middle is only one palm wide, which makes people walk unsteadily on it. Some troublemakers deliberately break the foot of the bench in advance and let the bride fall off the bench. As for asking the bride and groom to bite candy and say obscene words to the bride, it is common. The further down, the more disorderly the order. Some secretly stab the back of the bride's neck with barbed objects such as pine needles, or spray pepper water on the bride's face and push it left and right. My sister-in-law, who came with her family, tried her best to persuade her to support her, but to no avail. The bride smiled reluctantly, but sweat and tears ran down her face. This trick on the bride often drags on until late at night. This custom is almost cruel to the newly-married bride.

In ancient times, it was very popular to make trouble with new houses in the Han Dynasty. Because teasing the bride is the main way to make trouble in a new house, this habit is also called "teasing the bride" and "coquetry". People at that time wrote in "Chang Yan" pointed out: "At today's wedding, the stick is used to tease the governor, and the wine ceremony is used to lust for pleasure. Proclaim prostitution in public, and expose prostitution between relatives. This is nothing but filth and vulgarity. "It shows that the new house was indulgent at that time, and people's behavior violated the' ethics' and polluted the audio-visual. Therefore, the author denounced it as "filthy and vulgar, giving birth to prostitution for a long time." "Hanshu also said:" On the wedding night, I eavesdropped on the bride's speech and stopped at the window for fun. "This is the traditional habit of' listening to the room' and a new house. Huizhou has both of the above, and it has the characteristics of "dirty customs, long-term prostitution". However, people don't think this is immoral, and generations are attacking each other. Even in Huizhou today, the legacy of this marriage custom can be faintly seen.

(5) Three generations of "Huimen"

The day after the wedding, the bride gets up early to serve her family and welcomes relatives and neighbors who visit during the day. On the third day, she will arrange some gifts and go back to her parents' home with the groom early in the morning, which is what Huizhou used to call "returning home in three dynasties". This is a very unique etiquette in Huizhou traditional wedding customs. If proposing marriage, sending blessings, making a deal, reporting to the daily newspaper and giving gifts are pre-wedding ceremonies, and welcoming relatives and dragging the bride is a wedding ceremony, then the return of the three dynasties is a wedding ceremony.

Huimen in the Three Dynasties was closely related to the ancient custom of "beating husbands". When describing the custom of "beating husbands" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the book Xiyang Miscellaneous Women once said: "On the day of the husband's pavilion (the house where women live), the women in the husband's family get together and enjoy beating husbands with a stick to the maximum."

There is also a description of "beating a husband" in modern Guangdong literature. According to the old custom in Guangdong, when the husband comes home, the Yue family treats him as "waiting for the new son-in-law", but when he sits down, the Yue sisters get together to play with him, or embarrass the groom with questions, or force him to obey everything at home.

Huimen in Huizhou, also known as "late groom", is similar to the habit of "beating husband" and "beating husband" in form and content. According to Huizhou custom, when a couple arrive at Yue's home, the first thing they do is to meet their parents-in-law, and then meet all the relatives in the family one by one. When visiting sisters in the clan, they often start to "lag behind the groom". According to the traditional custom, the groom goes to the ancestral home of Yue family and the four gods of Yue family house. At this time, it is convenient for the sisters to pee on one side, or let the groom worship a few times to prevent him from getting up; Or let Sina kneel frequently, not intermittently; Some kind people will drag the groom to the henhouse or pigsty, saying that they want the groom to worship the god of the henhouse or pigsty, but they are actually teasing the groom. If the groom does not obey, the sisters will forcibly "enforce the law", making the groom have to obey.

After the worship, the Yue family gave a banquet to entertain her husband. During the dinner, Zhang Yue and the elders in the clan asked the groom to solve some pairing and problems, saying that it was a test of the groom's talent, but it was actually a dilemma for the groom; And those good sisters copied the practice of "dragging the bride" at this time to tease the groom and make the groom flustered.

Although "delaying the groom" is not as good as "delaying the bride" to a certain extent, the Yue sisters always point their finger at the groom, which is roughly a kind of "revenge" for the bride being teased at the man's house. Huimen in the Three Dynasties is the custom of Huizhou traditional marriage, so the etiquette is quite particular. When returning home, the first gift is chicken, which is called "leading chicken" by the people. This is a necessary auspicious thing. The rest of the gifts, such as fish, meat, geese, seafood, delicacies, cakes and so on. It's all yours. For these gifts, the man's family usually prepares one more, such as two pieces of meat and two pieces. After receiving the gift money, the woman's family goes back to the man's house to ask for a piece as usual. Others, such as big oranges, are also indispensable. If there are no big oranges, you must change them into oranges. The big orange stands for "good luck". After the bride's family receives the gift. And return the orange (Ji) to that person.

Except those who are married far away, there are married people in the city and suburbs. During the Three Dynasties, the Yue family usually invited their husbands, brides and sisters-in-law to have dinner and then went home on the same day.

On the journey back to the concierge, there were red-haired cakes and red-gathered cakes steamed by my mother-in-law, and "leading the way" was indispensable. Huizhou also has the custom of returning home in January after marriage. In return, my mother-in-law steamed a big cage cake (a kind of glutinous rice cookie), and her mother-in-law steamed the cake. [Edit this paragraph] Hakka custom-Hakka funeral custom is more solemn than other customs. Hakka people have done a lot of thoughtful things about this, even too much red tape. The funeral was generous, the ceremony was extravagant, the banquet was rich, the spirits were drunk, and the drums were used to send farewell. There are still old customs in some places.

When a patient dies, he will put on a pre-made "shroud", which is called "wearing shroud". There used to be a saying of "six ups and four downs", that is, wearing six heavy clothes on the top and four heavy pants on the bottom.

Hakka customs attach importance to death. Those who are away from home try their best to get home for the last time before they die. This is filial piety. When people die, they immediately burn sedan chairs and paper, and their families and children cry bitterly. It's for "death"

Mourning: The patient will die immediately after death. The dutiful son went out to grandma's uncle's house and relatives' uncle's house, and also sent out mourning at the door or near the intersection.

Small White Hall: White cloth is hung in front of the remains, incense tables are set up, memorial tablets or portraits are placed. Cry in the morning and evening, register gifts or "substitute candles" from relatives and friends, and hang curtains on both sides of the mourning hall in order.

Stiff neck: move the corpse, spread a piece of white cloth on the floor of the hall, put the corpse on it, cover the head with a new tile, put a cloth triangle pillow on the tile, and send people to wait day and night; Putting the body in the coffin at a fixed time is called "feeding". Every morning and evening, when relatives and friends come to pay their respects, widows will observe a moment of silence beside the coffin in the tent. In the evening, relatives and friends attend the mourning hall, commonly known as "accompanying the night".

Choose the appropriate mourning time, usually in the morning. In the old society, there was a "mourning" on the first day of the lunar new year, which lasted all night, and the drums were loud. Hold a memorial service before the funeral. Pay attention to ostentation and extravagance to show filial piety.

Bury: Put the coffin in the graveyard. The choice of cemetery pays attention to "Feng Shui". The appearance of the tomb is very similar to the dragon circle of Hakka people, which is a manifestation of Hakka people's worship of their ancestors. On the third day after burial, relatives put on mourning clothes, went to the grave to cry and worship, and burned paper money, which was called "Three Dynasties".

Zuoqi: After death, every July day, a memorial service will be held, commonly known as Zuoqi. Generally only do "five seven". Finally, a memorial service was held and the spirit room (paper room) was burned, which was called "Wanqi" to show the end of the funeral. Later, an anniversary ceremony was held, called opening filial piety; Once every three years, a sacrificial ceremony is held, which is called Kai Daxiao. When the big filial piety was held, the doors and halls were changed into red couplets, and everything returned to normal.

The custom of Hakkas is to dig the grave after being buried for several years (usually ten years), bake the remains with charcoal fire, bend the limbs according to the human body structure and put them in a special pottery urn, which is called "gold inspection" and then rebury. This is a permanent and real grave.

For people who die abnormally, there are some special funeral customs, such as inviting monks and Taoists to chant Buddhist scriptures and turning over the dead.