What are the traditional cultures in Wenzhou?

Wenzhou culture is a mixture of marine culture and agricultural culture.

Mr. Fei Xiaotong said that the historical tradition in Wenzhou area is "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea": stone carving, bamboo weaving, cotton playing, hoop hoop, tailor, barber, chef and other craftsmen. There are also salesmen selling sugar and small department stores who travel all over the country to earn money to support their families. These wandering craftsmen and businessmen live together as peasant women, which is a combination of artistic quality and agriculture. This is the soul of Wenzhou model, which is different from Sunan model. However, why is Wenzhou's business prosperous? From the special geographical position of Wenzhou, Wenzhou is located in the southeast coast and the lower reaches of Oujiang River. Since ancient times, it is not only an area where traditional agricultural production has been greatly developed, but also a coastal area with developed trade. Wenzhou, a regional commercial feature, has deep roots with the ocean, and Wenzhou culture is a kind of marine culture to a great extent.

According to the experience of world economic development, one of the important reasons for coastal areas to give priority to inland development is to rely on good port conditions and developed maritime traffic. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou was already a city with prosperous industry and commerce, developed maritime transportation and trade, and was one of the national 1 1 shipbuilding centers. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou had an annual shipbuilding capacity of 600 ships, ranking first in the country with Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). This situation provides convenience for Wenzhou people to cross the ocean, and some Wenzhou businessmen go abroad to do business with the help of trade merchant ships; Others stay there to do business. According to relevant historical records, Wenzhou people emigrated overseas as early as 1000 years ago in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the twenties and thirties of this century, Wenzhou people crossed the ocean to make a living in Japan, Southeast Asia and Europe. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were 38,000 overseas Chinese. The development of maritime traffic has given Wenzhou people the opportunity to go out to make a living, and gradually forged their cosmopolitan and adventurous personality, which is the deepest source of Wenzhou people's spirit.

But basically, the ancient city of Wenzhou is a traditional rural city. Since the Song Dynasty, due to the relatively stable social environment in the south of the Yangtze River, a large number of northerners who did not want to be ruled by ethnic minorities went south. "People from all directions gathered in Zhejiang, Zhejiang one hundred times." The population of Wenzhou has also increased dramatically. During the Xichun period in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the population of Wenzhou suddenly increased to more than 900,000. The cultivated land area is much larger than that of the previous generation, and the yield per mu has also increased. "There are three stones in the field, and there are two stones in the second place." Traditional customs and habits formed by local relations such as agricultural consanguinity and geography have a great influence on Wenzhou's economy and people's life. This also laid the foundation for the formation of the family system characteristics of Wenzhou model.

The blending of marine culture and rural culture gave birth to a unique Wenzhou model under certain conditions. Under the traditional planning system, Wenzhou people's hidden impulse to travel has never been extinguished, but in the rural areas of Wenzhou, especially in the coastal areas along the Yangtze River in the eastern plain, in the gray area of the system, the long-standing awareness of small commodities, the impulse to do business, and the market factors bred in rural areas suddenly glow. As Jin and Zhu Xiwei said, there is an insurmountable gap between Wenzhou's commercial culture and the ideology of traditional planned economy. Once the rigidity of the traditional planned economy ideology is loosened, it will find a breakthrough in its own development and form a "deviation" from the traditional planned economy ideology, which is an important motivation for Wenzhou to implement quasi-demand-induced institutional changes. From the beginning, Wenzhou small commodities bypassed the strict product range of planned economy at that time, taking the market as the starting point and destination, and the market and commodities stimulated each other, forming a virtuous circle. Therefore, the Wenzhou model is not produced in the city center, but in the vast rural towns in Wenzhou.