What are the splendid cultures of China

1. writing: oracle bone, gold text - Big Seal Script: tortoise shell and animal bone, bronze, - bamboo slips or silk. 2.: the boom of culture: the boom of culture: the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty contained many records of solar and lunar eclipses. 3. calendar: the summer calendar, which was gradually completed during the Shang Dynasty, and the 24 solar terms were measured during the Warring States period. 4. medicine: magpie was able to cure diseases with needles, massage, and tonics. 5. literature: Qu Yuan of the State of Chu, whose masterpiece is "Li Sao" was known as a world cultural celebrity. 6. music: the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods were characterized by the use of needles, Literature: Qu Yuan of the State of Chu, whose masterpiece is "Li Sao", was regarded as a world cultural celebrity. 6. Music: The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period saw the prevalence of the music of bells and drums. 7. Ideology: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a flourishing situation of the "Hundred Schools Contesting for Knowledge". 8. Qin and Han Dynasties: Qin and Han Dynasties: Prosperous culture: "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" was written; 3. Zhang Heng Prosperous culture: 1. Cai Lun, a eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, improved the paper-making technology; 2. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the geodesic instrument was invented; 4. Hua Tuo made the "Ma Bao San"; 5. Zhang Zhongjing wrote the "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases"; 6. Buddhism was introduced to China at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and Taoism emerged in China at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty; 7. Sima Qian wrote the Records of the Grand Historian; 8. The Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. For the first time in the world, Zu Chongzhi calculated the value of pi to the seventh digit after the decimal point. 2. Jia Si-feng's The Essentials of Qimin made it the first complete work on agricultural science in China. 3. Li Daoyuan's Commentary on the Water Canon is a comprehensive geographic monograph. 4. Wang Xizhi was called the "Sage of the Calligraphy" by his descendants. 5. Gu Kaizhi's masterpieces are the "Women's History", "Luoshen Fu", 6. The Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province, and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, China, are the two most famous grottoes in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties: The Brilliant Sui and Tang Cultures: 1. The Zhaozhou Bridge, designed and built by Li Chun, an outstanding artisan of the Sui Dynasty, is the world's oldest surviving stone arch bridge. 2. Printing is one of China's four great inventions, and the Diamond Sutra, printed during the Tang Dynasty, is the world's earliest surviving engraved print with the exact date. 3. The Poetry World of the Sheng and Tang Dynasties: Li Bai, the famous poet known as "Li Bai", was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. The famous poet Li Bai was known as the "Immortal of Poetry". Du Fu, the poet of the Tang Dynasty, was known as the "Sage of Poetry" and his poems were called "epic poems". "The famous calligraphers Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan are also known as "Yanshen Liu Bone". 5 Famous painters include: Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, and Yan Zhenqing. 6 Famous painters include: Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan. 7. Famous painters include Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, and Zhan Ziyu. 6. The Mogao Caves at Dunhuang, excavated during the Sui and Tang dynasties, are one of the largest art treasures in the world. 7. Famous songs and dances include the "Qin King's Broken Formation Music," which celebrates the martial prowess of Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty, and the "Nei Shuang Yuyi Qu (Nei Shang and Fei Yi Qu)," which was created by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty; and famous dancer Gongsun Damiang. 8. Splendid Song and Yuan cultures: 1. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, which was both economical and time-saving. 2. During the Warring States period, he made "Sinan," the world's earliest guiding instrument, which was first used in navigation, and then widely used in the Southern Song Dynasty for seafaring. 3. 3. gunpowder: it was first used in the military at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, gunpowder weapons were widely used in warfare. 4. shen Kuo, a scientist during the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the book "Mengxi Bianchuan" and created the "twelve qi calendars". 5. guo Shoujing, a renowned astronomer and hydrologist during the Yuan Dynasty, prepared the "Calendar of the Time of the Day," which determined that a year lasts 365.2425 days, which is basically the same as the current calendar. 6. the Chinese calendar was developed by the Chinese government. 7. Sima Guang, a famous historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Great Learning of Ziji", a chronological history. 6. Outstanding lyricists of the Song Dynasty: Su Shi, a literati of the Northern Song Dynasty; Li Qingzhao, a female lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty; Xin Qiji, a writer of the Southern Song Dynasty; Guan Hanqing, a Yuan playwright. 7. Yuan dynasty playwright Guan Hanqing. 7. The landscape painter Guo Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty is known as "the first of Song painting". 8. The great painter Zhang Zeduan's "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is one of the monumental works in the history of art in China. 9. The famous painter Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty is praised for his paintings which are "divine". 10. The famous calligraphers of the Song Dynasty include Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, known as the "Song Four Famous Calligraphers". Li Shizhen wrote the summarized medical masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica", which became an important document in the world of medicine. 4. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing, an outstanding scientist, wrote a book called "Tiangongkaiwu" (Heavenly Creatures), which foreign scholars called "the most beautiful thing in the world". 5. Foreign scholars called it "China's 17th-century encyclopedia of crafts". Xu Guangqi, a scientist, wrote his masterpiece Nongzhengquanshu (The Complete Book of Agriculture and Politics), an encyclopedia of agriculture. It is the first book in the history of Chinese agronomy to disseminate modern Western scientific knowledge. 5. Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the earliest full-length novel in China. 6. The Water Margin by Shi Nai'an was the first long novel about a peasant uprising in China. The Journey to the West written by Wu Cheng'en is a long mythological novel with a romantic flavor. . Dream of Red Mansions" written by Cao Xueqin is the peak of China's classical novels. It occupies an important position in the history of world culture. These four novels are called the "Four Great Masterpieces of China". 6. In the late Ming Dynasty, the famous dramatist Tang Xianzu wrote The Peony Pavilion; in the mid-19th century, a new type of theater, Beijing Opera, was formed. 7. The Ming Dynasty calligrapher Dong Qichang built the "Yan Biao Zhao Zi" (颜骨 Zhao Zi) style. 8. The Ming Dynasty calligrapher Dong Qichang was known for the beauty of his "Yan bone and Zhao posture". Xu Wei and Chen Hongshou were famous painters in the late Ming Dynasty. Qing Dynasty's "Yangzhou Eight Monsters" are: Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Luo Ji, Li Shi, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, Gao Xiang, Wang Shishen and others.