What kind of medicine is good for you when you have nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of more stubborn diseases, clinical treatment is very difficult, nephrotic syndrome is not a disease name, it is a group of multiple etiological causes of clinical syndromes, the most basic feature is a large amount of urinary protein, often accompanied by hypoproteinemia, edema and hyperlipidemia, clinically known as the "three highs and one low" symptoms.

Treatment: nephrotic syndrome due to the long course of the disease, high recurrence rate, pathological changes are more complex, treatment should be used in the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is better, because Western medicine treatment of nephrotic syndrome is mainly the use of hormones, and traditional Chinese medicine can offset the side effects of hormones. Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Hongjie Road Clinic Nephrology Department adopts the original "miraculous medicinal bath comprehensive therapy" to kidney point external paste Huiyuan paste, internal consumption of proprietary Chinese medicine preparations and Chinese medicine external washing cross, three-dimensional comprehensive treatment greatly improves the effectiveness of Chinese medicine treatment of chronic kidney diseases and cure rate, comprehensive treatment improves the renal remnants of renal units. The function of the renal unit is inhibited or not fully utilized to improve the function of the renal unit, prompting the fibrillation of renal tissue, sclerosis of protease dissolution and thus significantly improve renal function

★Reference diets for patients with renal disease

1>What are the contraindications to the diet of renal patients

Reasonable diets for renal patients play an important role in the recovery of the disease. What do kidney patients eat? How much is appropriate to eat? This is not something that can be said in one sentence. It is necessary to make a program for each person according to the type of disease and the severity of the disease.

1. Can kidney patients eat salt and alkali? Our normal adult daily salt intake of about 5-6 grams, some areas to eat salt per person per day to 12 grams, salt for sodium chloride, alkali for sodium carbonate, soda for sodium bicarbonate, eating too much sodium-containing salts and alkali, easy to make water retention in the body, induced edema, so patients with nephroedema should be control the amount of salt and alkali intake per person into the salt 2-3 The salt intake should be controlled for patients with nephroedema, and 2-3 grams of salt per person is a low-salt diet. Salt-free diet is not scientific, long time easy to fatigue, dizziness and so on.

2. How much water should kidney patients drink? Normal human urine volume is generally 1-2 kilograms a day, acute nephritis, acute renal failure oliguria stage and nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure with oliguria edema patients, to control the amount of water intake. Because drink in the discharge, water retention in the body to aggravate edema, but also easy to aggravate hypertension, this time the amount of water into the urine volume plus 500 milliliters is appropriate. The amount of water intake can be relaxed after the urine volume increases. The amount of water is not limited to patients with normal urine output. In addition, patients with urinary tract infections such as acute pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, etc., in addition to timely consultation and medication, drink more water, more urination on the recovery of the disease is very favorable.

3. Can kidney patients eat fish, shrimp, eggs, meat? Fish and shrimp food, some kidney patients consciously do not eat, that is not good for the kidney, in fact, this kind of food for high-quality protein, in allergic diseases such as allergic purpura, purpura nephritis, because of suspected allergy to foreign proteins or a history of fish and shrimp allergy must be used with caution, generally do not need to be contraindicated. Fish, shrimp, eggs, meat food rich in animal protein, is the body's cells, tissues, the main structure of the material, very important to the human body, eating protein-containing food, liver decomposition, renal excretion, so when renal function declines, we should appropriately reduce the amount of protein intake in order to meet the body's metabolic nutrient needs, without increasing the burden on the kidneys as a principle. Some patients with kidney disease is not serious and do not dare to eat protein, or when the condition requires protein restriction and do not care are not correct.

4. Some kidney patients have a long course of disease, slow recovery, often discuss with each other, exchange information, experience. It should be noted that each person has their own characteristics, do not follow each other.

5. Don't overeat, don't eat unclean food.

2>Dietary contraindications of kidney disease

1, it is advisable to eat light and easy to digest food, avoid seafood, beef, mutton, spicy stimulating food, wine and all hairy things, such as: five spices, coffee, cilantro, etc.; especially the patients with yin deficiency, such as: red tongue, pulse flooding, night sweating, dry stools, hematuria, etc.; but the patients with yang deficiency, such as: pale moss on the tongue, white, sunken pulse, cold limbs, diluted stools, Hot food can be eaten.

2, it is advisable to eat fresh vegetables and a moderate amount of fruit, appropriate water; avoid eating all the tonic, tonic medicine and easy to fire food such as: chili, lychee, chocolate. In particular, Yin deficiency internal heat such as tongue purple, pulse stagnation, chest tightness, abdominal distension and other patients with stasis.

3. Neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, Guanmutong and autoimmune injections are prohibited in all patients with kidney disease.

4, uremia patients to maintain smooth bowel movement, daily defecation should be 2 ∽ 3 times is appropriate, do not stay up late, abstinence from sex, pay attention to rest, avoid cold.

5, has been taking hormones, should be based on the specific circumstances under the guidance of the physician to reduce hormone dosage and frequency.

6, heavy edema should avoid salt, limit the amount of protein food, less water. Edema is not heavy, can enter the low-sodium diet; no edema does not limit the amount of water and protein food intake; microscopic hematuria and should be on fire drink more water, eat more apples, sugar, black sesame seeds, fungus and other yin and fire foods.

7, uremia high blood potassium people avoid eating high potassium foods such as: bananas, citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, tea, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate; low blood potassium patients on the contrary.

8, high blood uric acid people especially avoid eating animal offal, fish, shrimp, crab mussels, beer, mushrooms, beans, spinach.

9, in the treatment period, such as colds, fever, infection, such as the emergence of emergency contact with a specialist, in order to timely treatment to avoid complications aggravated.

3> Diet of patients with kidney disease

1, the diet should be eaten lighter, avoid consumption of alcohol and spicy food, eat less greasy and meat and fish containing more animal protein (such as fat meat, shrimp, crab, etc.)

2, avoid eating beans and their products (such as tofu, bean sprouts, soybean flour, etc.)

3, those with edema, high blood pressure, and heart failure, should eat a less salt or no salt diet.

4, renal insufficiency, uremia patients should pay special attention to:

①Ban on beans and their products, less nuts (such as: walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, etc.) and pickled foods (such as pickles, pickles, etc.).

②The daily intake of high protein (such as lean meat, milk, eggs, etc.) should be controlled. According to the patient's condition, the general adult daily 2-3 two, and divided into 3-5 times to eat.

3) The kidney drainage capacity is limited in renal failure, and water intake should be controlled. It is recommended to calculate according to the formula: water intake = total urine volume of the previous day + 500-800 ml.

4 In order to make creatinine, urea nitrogen can increase the discharge, it is necessary to make the urine and feces, stool rather two or three times a day rather than once every two or three days. Winter melon, watermelon, gourd can diuretic, red bean soup, black bean soup, green bean soup, put sugar to drink, heat diuretic. Honey, bananas, pears, radishes, walnuts, black sesame seeds, can laxative, these foods can be combined with the drug, often used.

4> Diet for patients with various kidney diseases

A/ Nephrotic syndrome: patients with nephrotic syndrome are often accompanied by gastrointestinal mucosal edema and ascites, affecting digestion and absorption. It is advisable to eat easy to digest, light, semi-liquid diet. In nephropathy, a large amount of urinary protein is lost, and the body is in a state of protein malnutrition. before the end of the 80's, it was advocated that a high protein diet (1.2-1.5g/kg.d) should be used in an attempt to alleviate the series of complications caused by low protein albuminous anemia and its subsequent complications. However, animal experiments and human nephropathy observations have confirmed that: high protein diet, although the liver synthesizes more albumin, but the amount of urinary protein excretion also increases, and does not help to correct the low protein albuminosis, but rather make the glomerular capillary hyperperfusion, high pressure and high filtration, accelerating glomerulosclerosis non-inflammatory. Limiting protein intake can slow down the development of chronic renal impairment. Therefore, the current advocate quality protein diet, 0.7 ~ 1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

Almost all patients with this disease have hyperlipidemia, limit the intake of animal fat, dietary supply of rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as fish oil) and vegetable oils (soybean oil, vegetable oil, sesame oil). Highly edematous people limit sodium intake, daily intake of salt less than 3 grams, appropriate supplementation of trace elements.

The following dietary principles should be noted:

(1) Sodium salt intake: edema should be a low-salt diet to avoid aggravating edema, generally no more than 2g of salt per day, prohibited pickled foods, less monosodium glutamate and alkalinity, the edema subsides, plasma protein is close to normal, you can return to the ordinary diet.

(2) Protein intake: in nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein is excreted from the urine, the body's protein decreases and is in a state of protein malnutrition, hypo-proteinemia decreases plasma colloid osmolality, resulting in stubborn edema, and the body's resistance decreases, therefore, in the absence of renal failure, the early, extreme period should be given a high quality protein diet (1 ~ 1.5g/kg*d), such as the early, extreme period should be given to high quality protein diet (1~1.5g/kg*d), such as the early, extreme period should be given to high quality protein diet (1~1.5g/kg*d). kg*d), such as fish and meat. This helps to alleviate hypoproteinemia and some of the comorbidities associated with it.

But a high protein diet increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, which puts the glomerular capillaries in a state of high pressure, and at the same time, a large amount of protein intake also increases urinary protein, which can accelerate glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, for chronic, non-extreme stage of nephrotic syndrome patients should consume a smaller amount of high-quality protein (0.7-1g/kg*d), as for the emergence of chronic renal impairment, should be a low-protein diet (0.65g/kg*d).

(3) Fat intake: patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause atherosclerosis and glomerular damage, sclerosis, etc. Therefore, we should limit the intake of cholesterol-rich and fat-rich foods, such as animal offal, fatty meats, and certain seafood.

(4)Supplementation of trace elements: Due to the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to the loss of a large amount of protein in the urine, there is also a loss of certain trace elements and hormones bound to protein, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements of the human body, and should be given appropriate supplementation. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits, grains and seafood rich in vitamins and trace elements to be supplemented.

B/Diabetic nephropathy: Diabetic nephropathy patients on dialysis dietary considerations in addition to follow the principles of dietary treatment of diabetic nephropathy, but also to pay attention to the following:

After dialysis due to the improvement of the condition of the appetite increased, the total amount of dietary calories and protein should be increased appropriately compared with the amount of pre-dialysis. Each dialysis about the loss of protein 2 ~ 3.5 g. After dialysis dietary protein according to the daily 1 ~ 1.2 g / kg body weight supply, daily can give 2 eggs, milk 5OOml, appropriate amount of fish, meat, etc. Because of hemodialysis blood loss, the diet should be supplemented with rich iron and vitamin C food eating a low phosphorus diet, but also can be added with aluminum hydroxide, in order to reduce the absorption of phosphorus during dialysis a large number of vitamin B loss, should be given a sufficient amount of vitamin B.

After dialysis due to improved condition and increased appetite, the total calories and diet should be increased compared with the pre-dialysis appropriate. In addition, aluminum hydroxide can also be added to reduce phosphorus absorption during dialysis, and sufficient amount of vitamin B and vitamin C should be given.

In conclusion, research has now proved that a low protein, low cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acid diet is very important for the protection of renal function, and dietary therapy should be emphasized, especially in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy.

C/Uric acid nephropathy: Drink more water to ensure sufficient urine output (more than 2,000 ml per day); control the intake of purine, take low purine diet, daily meat should be less than 100 grams; and should be prohibited from eating lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other animal and plant foods.

D/renal insufficiency: low-protein diet, try to control the intake of protein. Eat more starch to increase calories.

E/Dialysis patients: to ensure adequate nutrition and make up for the loss of dialysis, to ensure positive nitrogen balance; each mouth protein to high-quality protein-based; family members should be prepared with a list of food composition, as a reference for the selection of food

.

F/chronic nephritis:It is a group of glomerular diseases caused by a variety of reasons. The disease has a long course, many types of disease, and diverse clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic (abnormalities detected only during routine urinalysis)

to marked hematuria, proteinuria, swelling, and hypertension. It is because of this disease's many subtypes and the complexity of the clinical manifestations, so in the dietary therapy must be based on the patient's renal function to give

differentiated treatment, dexterous arrangement.

1, no renal function damage or renal function damage is not serious light cases, dietary restrictions do not have to be strict, which is mainly long-term diet, can cause the negative nitrogen balance of the body, so that the body resistance is reduced.

So asymptomatic patients with proteinuria or hematuria, if the protein loss is not much, the person can supply a general diet, only a slight restriction on salt can be. However, if the urine protein loss or plasma protein is low

under, and blood creatinine and urea nitrogen is not high, may be appropriate to increase the amount of protein in the diet, but according to the latest point of view, long-term high-protein diet for chronic nephritis is detrimental to the mitigation, it will aggravate the burden on the

kidney, and accelerate the deterioration of renal function.

2, slow-type nephritis with acute onset, should be handled according to the principle of nutritional therapy for acute nephritis. That is to say, according to the renal function change situation to limit protein, salt and water , oliguric people should also limit high potassium diet.

3. Those with nephrotic syndrome should be treated according to nephropathy and given a high protein diet, but at the same time, attention should be paid to the changes in renal function.

4, slow-type nephritis hypertensive patients, in order to control blood pressure, salt intake should be limited to the type of disease to give less salt or no salt diet. In order to reduce the burden on the kidneys, even if the blood pressure returns to normal, a light diet should be preferred.

5, with renal hypoplasia, should limit the intake of protein and make the limited protein sources for milk, eggs and other high-quality protein, and may be appropriate to adjust the fish, meat, chicken and other animal protein, in order to increase the patient's appetite.

5> What should patients with kidney disease pay attention to in terms of diet? Can eat beef?

This also needs to be discretionary according to different situations, if the patient is a relatively mild kidney disease, there is no obvious clinical manifestations. If the patient is a relatively mild kidney disease, there is no obvious clinical manifestation, but there are some abnormalities in the urine, we usually recommend to reduce the intake of salt, drink more water, and comply with the doctor's instructions to take the "Renbining" series, so as to treat and protect the kidneys, and then go to the hospital regularly for a review.

If the patient is an edema is very strong, in this case it is possible in the case of his disease is not in remission, it is necessary to appropriately limit the intake of water, so as to reduce the burden on the body, if he

is a patient with uremia, his diet must be more attention, mainly pay attention to the intake of protein, protein intake into the body, to increase the nutrients, which is We must, but in turn its metabolites are components of uremia, in turn will aggravate the burden on the kidneys, aggravate your uremia symptoms, if there is a patient with uremia, we would suggest that should be more strict limitations on protein intake. Just a small amount of a little tofu and drink a little milk protein is enough.

6> kidney disease patients can eat soybean?

The folk dietary taboos for kidney patients are varied and seem to be more restrictive than other systemic diseases, therefore, anyone who has kidney disease, no matter which kind of kidney disease, regardless of the severity of the disease, almost no

No exception to the need to consult with the doctor about dietary taboos. From the medical science, the treatment of kidney disease does have a close relationship with diet. Take the amount and type of protein intake as an example, as early as the 1960s began to study, get the attention of the world's medical practitioners and promote, especially nephrotic syndrome (large amount of proteinuria, plasma albumin level decreased, edema) and renal function is damaged, reasonable nutritional therapy is indispensable part of the. Let's leave the rest aside for now and just talk about the controversy over soy foods here. Soybean is rich in protein food, according to its composition, every 100 grams of soybean containing 36.3 grams of protein, more than the same weight of lean pork and beef (respectively, containing 16.7 grams of protein and 20.2), and the three kinds of food produced by the calories were 411, 320, 143 kcal. It can be seen that the nutritional value of soybeans is superior, because it comes from plants, so it is called plant protein. Isn't it best to use such a good nutrient for people with low protein in kidney disease? But for decades folk have been rumored: "kidney patients should not eat beans", and even soy products also resist. Doctors also emphasize the decline in kidney function to a certain extent (azotemia period) should control the amount of protein intake, as far as possible to choose animal meat, milk, eggs, do not choose soybean, peanuts, that is, the food from animals named high-quality protein, control protein intake of the treatment is called high-quality low-protein diet therapy. As a result, the tradition of not eating soybeans gradually developed. The reason is that meat contains more essential amino acids, and soybeans are mainly non-essential amino acids, the purpose of the treatment is to reduce the non-essential amino acids in the body, forcing the use of urea nitrogen in the body (one of the metabolic wastes causing uremia symptoms), synthesize non-essential amino acids, reduce the level of urea nitrogen; supplementation of essential amino acids, but also non-essential amino acids can be synthesized with the protein, supplementation of nutrients, it is a two-in-one approach!

This method has been used for more than 20 years.

In recent years, it was found that animal meat as the main component of the feed fed nephropathic rats, the excretion of urinary protein increased, another group of the same rats, with soybean as the main feed, urinary protein excretion did not increase; some experts to the nephrotic syndrome patients eating soy protein-based vegetarian diet, the amount of urinary protein is also significantly reduced. According to analysis, soybean is rich in branched-chain amino acids, which is not harmful to kidney disease. Now no longer recommended to kidney patients meat, milk and other animal proteins, and advocate eating soy protein-based vegetarian diet. After the kidney function is damaged, still advocate low protein diet, the degree of protein control depends on the amount of destruction of kidney function, also do not have to strictly abstain from eating beans, some people advocate that meat protein accounted for 50% -60%, the rest of the food plant foods. If the low-protein diet at the same time, plus food essential amino acids or a-keto acids, is not necessary to make restrictions on the types of food. In the controversy of eating soybeans, it is indeed good news for patients with kidney disease, one more choice in diet and one more pleasure in life. Why don't you change your previous dietary habits and explore whether a soy-based vegetarian diet is more suitable for you?

7> Do nephritis patients have to strictly limit salt?

Table salt is sodium chloride, chlorine and sodium elements are essential ions in the body, more and not, less and not. Sodium, for example, sodium ions in the blood is to maintain the plasma osmotic pressure of the main ions, more osmotic pressure will rise, water will move from the tissues around the blood vessels to the osmotic pressure of the blood vessels, resulting in excessive water in the blood vessels, aggravating the burden on the heart, resulting in hypertension, heart failure; on the other hand, sodium ions are less, the water in the blood vessels out of the serious low blood pressure, shock, chronic loss of sodium can lead to chronic diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, low blood pressure, and the body is not able to maintain a healthy body. Weakness, low blood pressure, dizziness and other weak performance, you can see how important salt is to the human body. Medical science emphasizes: only in edema, urinary insufficiency, hypertension and dialysis ultrafiltration insufficiency and so on to limit the sodium intake, not casually limit sodium. If long term salt, will inevitably be tired and weak.

In the study of the causes of nephritis, not found to have salt and morbidity. Although in the active phase of nephritis with edema, oliguria, advocating salt restriction, not to limit will aggravate edema, but not salt-induced relapse. When the condition of nephritis is under control, with normal urine output, no edema and hypertension, a salt-restricted diet is not necessary, and salt consumption will not cause nephritis to flare up. Although salt-restricted diet is not necessary, it is not recommended to eat too salty food, such as salted vegetables, salted fish, salted meat and other salt-cured food.

8> Nephritis patients should not eat caramel

The general view is that bananas are rich in nutrients, sweet and delicious, everyone can eat, there is no taboo. However, people suffering from acute nephritis, chronic nephritis and poor renal function can not eat bananas, because bananas contain a relatively large amount of sodium salt, and nephritis patients with swelling, high blood pressure must limit the intake of sodium salt.

If patients with nephritis often eat bananas, it is equivalent to the intake of a large amount of sodium salt, resulting in increased renal burden, edema, hypertension and other symptoms will also be aggravated. In addition, patients with dyspepsia and diarrhea will also have their condition aggravated if they eat them

Bananas are a good choice for patients with nephritis.