What are the classifications and types of Chinese herbal medicines?

First, according to the classification of different components:

1. Active ingredients: namely, substances that have biological activity and exert major drug effects, such as alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, etc.

2. Auxiliary ingredients: substances that have no special curative effect, but can enhance or reduce the efficacy of active ingredients. For example, saponins in digitalis can help digitalis glycoside dissolve or promote its absorption.

3. Invalid ingredients: refers to substances that are invalid or even harmful, which often affect the dissolution effect, preparation stability, drug effect, etc.

4. Tissue matter: insoluble matter that constitutes cells, such as fiber and cork.

Second, according to the classification of processing grade:

The classification of primary processing includes unified goods, goods selection, general selection, small selection, special selection, first-class, second-class, third-class, fourth-class and fifth-class mixed materials, in which unified goods are the specifications in which large and small goods are mixed together.

Three, according to the classification of processing methods:

There are clear water, salt water, raw, cooked, clean goods, water washing and so on.

Four, according to the origin of different classification:

It is to distinguish the same medicinal materials by the names of their places of origin, such as Atractylodes macrocephala, Botong and Tong Zhe, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Neoene and Inner Mongolia, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Xitong and Tong Qi.

5. Classification according to different growth and harvest periods.

Sanqi is often divided into "Spring Seven" and "Winter Seven" due to different harvest seasons. The former is selected within three years and dug before flowering, with full texture and excellent quality; The latter is harvested after sowing in autumn and winter, and the quality of loose pine is poor. According to the fruits picked at different times in the morning and evening, forsythia called the yellow old man "Old Joe" and the green old man "Green Joe".

Six, according to different colors to classify

Forsythia suspensa includes bluish yellow, and peony bark is divided into black Dan (without peeling) and white Dan (also called Guasha Dan, that is, peeling). Common color specifications include yellow series, blue series, black series, white series and red series.

Seven, according to different packaging classification

Packaging organic bags, woven bags, loose handles, wicker handles, etc. Such as bagged Scutellaria barbata and mechanically tied Scutellaria barbata, Radix Codonopsis and Radix Angelicae Sinensis.

Eight, according to different quality classification

Quality specifications are roughly divided into domestic and wild, domestic and imported, fuelwood and powder, such as wild salvia miltiorrhiza and domestic salvia miltiorrhiza, imported American ginseng and domestic American ginseng, dried ginger and dried ginger.

Extended data:

Medicinal material identification

1, water test identification method

Testing water appraisal method is a simple and traditional empirical appraisal method. Driven by the interests, some drug dealers have resorted to unscrupulous means to adulterate or even falsify Chinese medicine, which is clever. The naked eye can't identify its authenticity, and it is possible to buy fake and inferior drugs with a little carelessness. Without high-tech equipment and technology, some adulterated or counterfeit Chinese medicines can be exposed by testing water.

Water test is a quick, simple and effective method to identify the authenticity and quality of some Chinese herbal medicines according to their special physical and chemical phenomena (such as fluctuation, swelling, dissolution, nail piercing, color, etc.). ) in or after contact with water.

2. Oral appraisal method

According to the taste of Chinese herbal medicine, we can know its special taste and taste, so as to measure and identify the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicine. This is called oral diagnosis. This method is simple and feasible, and has great application value in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines such as root bark, fruit seeds and so on. Such as Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, the bitter, sour, sweet, salty and spicy tastes are bright, pure and lasting. Generally, the stronger the taste, the better the quality. However, attention should be paid to the oral identification method: sampling should be representative, and the medicinal materials with strong irritation and toxicity should be carefully sampled to prevent poisoning.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese herbal medicine