How to make traditional tiles?

Most of the raw materials needed for ceramic tile production are metal oxides. For many years, three kinds of metal oxides are the most important oxides in ceramic tile production: clay, powder and feldspar. The ceramic tile industry calls these three main raw materials "the main body of traditional ceramic tiles". Clay is hydrated aluminosilicate and the final product of feldspar weathering. The most important clay mineral is kaolinite, which is a mixture of alumina, two silica molecules and two water molecules. Clay makes ceramics have strong plasticity, so they can be made into ideal shapes before heating. Powdered silica is usually extracted from quartzite, sand or rock. People grind it into very fine powder and add it to ceramic tiles as filler, so that the final product combined with clay has ideal properties. Feldspar is a general name for alkaline aluminosilicate. For example, feldspar containing alkali metal potassium (potassium oxide-alumina-silica) is called "potash feldspar" and feldspar containing sodium (sodium oxide-alumina-silica) is called "albite". However, most feldspar is a mixture of these two types. In the production of ceramic tiles, feldspar mainly plays the role of "flux". During the heat treatment, the flux begins to melt at a low temperature, so it increases the strength of the ceramic body like a bonding element.