Who invented mahjong (poker)?

When it comes to playing mahjong, everyone may know it in China, but many people don't know the historical origin of mahjong, so it's interesting to elaborate. Mahjong is an entertainment tool invented by China people, which is deeply loved by Chinese people, but its invention process has a historical background story. It is said that Zheng He, the eunuch of Sambo in Ming Dynasty, made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, and established the largest fleet in the world at that time, leading tens of thousands of soldiers. In name, this is commerce and trade, but in essence, this is to find the missing little emperor Wen Jian. During the long voyage, many soldiers were depressed and even sick because of the monotony of life at sea and homesickness. Zheng He was very anxious, worried that if this continues, the consequences will be unimaginable. He thinks it is necessary to create a new entertainment tool to alleviate the boredom of soldiers. This entertainment tool should be simple to make, and all soldiers should learn it. It is best to accommodate more than two people at the same time. After thinking hard, Zheng He finally thought of using local materials, making bamboo cards from the existing bamboo on board, carving words and patterns, and then formulating the rules of the game, which can be put on the square table for four people to entertain at the same time.

In order to cater to the psychology of soldiers and the reality of navigation, Zheng He also racked his brains to determine the writing mode. For example, the scarlet letter "Zhong" represents the Central Plains and caters to the homesickness of the soldiers. Because the emperor of China always preferred the red tone, he deliberately set the word "Zhong" to red.

Because the purpose of sailing is nominally to do business, the word "fat" is engraved on the bamboo card, which caters to everyone's psychology of getting rich. How much money will you make? Ten thousand, twenty thousand, thirty thousand ... ninety thousand.

Due to the limitation of food sources and production conditions during sailing, the daily staple food of soldiers is baked round cakes. How many cakes did they eat? One cake, two cakes, three cakes ... nine cakes. In calm days, soldiers often fish to improve their food. How many fish did they catch? One, two, three ... nine. The fleet of Happy Education Society sailed on the sea, and the soldiers saw a vast white sea all day, so the "white skin" was set in the bamboo card. ! p0F！ W$BXUR m0 When Zheng He used sailboats, he was most concerned about the wind direction, so the bamboo cards were engraved with "East", "South", "West" and "North" winds.

After years of sea navigation, people have the deepest feeling of the warmth and coldness of the four seasons. They simply carved four flowers, namely "Spring Peach", "Autumn Chrysanthemum", "Xia Lian" and "Winter Plum" to represent the four seasons of the year. Although the pattern on the bamboo card changed later, the name "flower" has not changed. This new bamboo entertainment tool invented by Zheng He is not as abstruse and difficult to learn as Weiqi and Chess. As soon as ordinary soldiers learn, they will soon spread among soldiers. The listlessness of the soldiers was also swept away, and Zheng He was glad to finally find a way to relieve the soldiers' depression and homesickness. Later, a soldier reported to Zheng He that this kind of bamboo card was so fun that everyone liked it. When they played it, the soldiers became numb and fascinated. Not only do they miss home, sometimes they even forget to eat. But everyone calls playing this game "bamboo card", and the name is not very elegant. Why not ask the coach to change its name? Zheng He thought for a moment and replied: Since this game can paralyze soldiers' spirits, it should be called "Mahjong". Since then, the name of "Mahjong" came into being, and it was uploaded from the sea to the land. The gameplay was constantly renovated and gradually became the main entertainment tool for China people.

It should be said that Zheng He's invention of Mahjong has positive significance and played an important role in solving the loneliness of maritime navigation. Perhaps there was no invention of "Mahjong", and it was probably because of the mental breakdown of soldiers that major changes occurred, which made the subsequent navigation difficult.

Later, when the western navigator Magellan sailed around the world, one of the sailboats rebelled and returned. It can be seen that our ancestors in China did have foresight, and Zheng He skillfully resolved the possible maritime tragedy with a popular game. As for later "Mahjong" became the main gambling tool of China people, this was of course unexpected when Zheng He first invented "Mahjong". Is it that people who are addicted to mahjong all day are more addicted to gambling, or is mahjong too tempting? It's hard to explain. As the saying goes, "wine is not intoxicating, everyone is drunk, flowers are not charming, and people are fascinated." In short, it can't be simply attributed to "mahjong" itself. People who want to know the historical origin of mahjong should not misinterpret Zheng He's original intention and purpose of inventing mahjong. They must not forget their worries and waste their limited lives on mahjong unnecessarily. On the contrary, they should seize the opportunity, seize the day and strive for the re-emergence of the Chinese nation.

Mahjong, also known as sparrow, sparrow brand and horse commander, is closely related to dominoes, leaves and horse cranes. Domino originated in the second year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, also known as Xuanhe brand. Heaven, earth, people, harmony, length, short, nameless, grade seven, a total of 32 * * * pieces, graded by points and grades. A card at 12 o'clock and any card at 7 o'clock are all at 9 o'clock; A short card with 1 1 minute "with an 8-point card" is also 9 o'clock; The former is called Tianjiu, and the latter is called Renjiu. Dominoes are rectangular squares, suggesting the future production of mahjong. Leaves, narrow cards preserved to this day. Originated in the Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi's Notes on Swallows in Lushui said that Ye Zi was introduced to Li Shimin by a Zen master. Ye "symbolizes the twentieth century plum", that is, it will be passed down to the twentieth century. The leaves "developed into a horse hanging in the Ming Dynasty". Paper products, ***40 sheets, divided into four doors: Qian Wen, Lock, Wanzi and Cross. Money is divided into empty, half-written, and one to nine. Suozi is divided into nine ropes. Ten thousand words are divided into ten thousand and ninety thousand. Cross is divided into 900,000 to 200,000. The swastika "cross" used by the Nazi Party was marked by the water margin characters. In the Qing dynasty, it joined the wind of China, white, southeast and northwest and became mahjong.

1PltD？ . f+Z0

G & dqs-t6r0x0 statement 2 There is a sad story about the familiar mahjong tiles. Once upon a time, there was a teenager whose parents died. His surname is Ma, and he has only one name. He is smart, diligent and competitive, but his family is poor. One day, a general won in North Korea. He was dressed in red and rode a big horse, which attracted citizens to watch in the street. Hemp people are among them. He looked around at the commander-in-chief and said to his companions around him, I want to be commander-in-chief in the future, and I want to be awesome! "After listening to the words of his companions, I laughed my head off and ridiculed him that hammering is easy to get, but it will be difficult for a person to find; You can't even eat, but you still want to be a general? " Upon hearing this, Mamin said nothing. From then on, he began to practice martial arts in the dark. Seeing that he really wanted to be a general, his companions nicknamed him "Mahjong", but forgot his real name. It won't be long before mahjong can be practiced. Because only practicing martial arts and not working, there is no food, and the stick can't move. I have no choice but to work first to earn money to buy food. Mahjong has the ability to rub hemp rope with one hand, which is fast and good, so many people ask him to work. Hey, mahjong, come to my house to rub it today. "Mahjong, come to my house to rub it tomorrow." So today I will rub the hemp rope for my boss and tomorrow I will rub the hemp rope for my family. Mahjong simply gave up practicing martial arts and started the business of selling hemp rope in the Jianghu. I secretly vowed in my heart not to be a general, at least to be a monopoly! Since then, mahjong has always had thin hemp ropes of different sizes. When it earns a penny, it is strung together with a rope, saying one copper, two copper, three copper ... "After nine copper coins, add one, hang it in a circle and call it a string. There are ten strings, called ten thousand strings. He also prepared four whiteboard boxes, which he planned to store up to 100,000 and fill with four boxes. After a lot of hardships, he finally accumulated 90 thousand. His friend advised him that you have experienced so many spring, summer, autumn and winter, and your temples are stained with frost. Traveling all over the southeast and northwest, I not only watched Mei Zhu Lanju everywhere, but also suffered from wind, frost, rain and snow. Don't be bent on getting rich, you should take care of yourself and go home and enjoy your retirement. " Mahjong listened, thought it was right, and went home. However, when Mahjong came home, I was shocked to find that all four whiteboard boxes were empty. It turns out that mahjong is bent on making money, all for money and neglecting discipline for children. His son built a house, married and had children for ostentation and extravagance, and spent all his hard-earned money like water. When Mahjong learned the truth, he was so angry that he smashed four whiteboard boxes into pieces and soon became angry. Mahjong friends rushed over to help with the funeral. They collected the broken whiteboard boxes. Strangely, these fragments are all about the same size, with a total of 144 pieces. To commemorate Mahjong, they carved his life experience on the board. Since then, there have been the Tongzi brand, Wanzi brand, Southeast and Northwest brand, Meilan Zhuju brand, Caifu brand, Whiteboard brand, and Hong Zhong brand, which are called Mahjong tiles and soon became popular among the people.

WBv#O:a.b+zW0

U} P L+3f $ AH2B0 3 It is said that mahjong tiles were invented by a man named Wan Bingtiao in the Ming Dynasty. Wan Bingtiao was impressed by the heroes 108 in Shi Naian's Water Margin, so he wanted to make a pair of entertainment tools to commemorate them. After several days of careful design, the mahjong tiles were finally developed. He designed the 108 mahjong tile, which is a metaphor for the 108 hero in Water Margin. In the card, nine lines refer to nine dragons in history, and two lines refer to, Hu, and so on. This 108 hero comes from all directions, so 4 cards in the east, 4 cards in the south, 4 cards in the west and 4 cards in the north. Heroes of the Water Margin are rich and poor, and they come from different backgrounds, so they are also set by China, developed and white. The rich are rich families, the whites are Ding Bai and the poor, and the middle class families are in the middle. Mahjong is divided into ten thousand cakes (northern cakes) and rope (northern bars), which is the homonym of the inventor's ten thousand cakes (cakes) and bars (bars). It's interesting to say. Mahjong is originally a food protection card. According to relevant data, Taicang, Jiangsu was once a royal granary in ancient times, hoarding rice all the year round for the South-to-North Grain Transfer Project. Many natural birds suffer from food, and a lot of food is lost every year because of the pain of birds. The officials in charge of the granary give rewards to the number of birds caught. This is Taicang's grain protection card. "This kind of card is engraved with various symbols and numbers, which can be used not only for viewing, but also for playing games and exchanging bonuses. This kind of grain protection card has evolved into today's mahjong card, and its play, symbols and appellations are all related to bird catching. For example, the pattern of "barrel" is the cross section of powder gun, and "barrel" is the barrel, and several barrels represent several powder guns. "Rope" is a bird strung together with a rope, and the bonus is calculated according to the number of birds. Ten thousand is the unit that rewards money, and ten thousand is the number of rewards. "There will be the wind direction in the southeast and northwest, so it is called the wind. The wind direction should be considered when shooting birds with gunpowder. Medium, white, and "medium" means hit, so it is red. " "White" is a whiteboard, emitting blank. Send "is to send a bounty and make a fortune. The terms of playing mahjong are all related to catching birds and protecting food. If you touch it, you will hear gunshots. Another example is the brand called paste, which is actually a homonym of stork.

Poker has been born for hundreds of years, and it is still inconclusive. The French believe that poker was invented by the French in 1392. Belgians said that playing cards appeared in Belgium as early as 1379; Italians say that poker was invented by Italians in 1376, and it was invented in Egypt, India, Korea and other countries, while more westerners confirm that China was introduced to Europe in 12- 13 century (Southern Song Dynasty). According to this statement, the country that first invented poker should be China. The model, specification and quantity of playing cards have developed from early different countries (such as 22 in Italy, 32 in Germany, 40 in Spain and 52 in France) to 54, which evolved from the 52-card model founded in France in 1392 and was enlarged by the outside world and Xiao Wang. Since then, the number of playing cards in various countries has gradually unified into the current 54-card model. From the initial "dot" screen to the colorful "color" as the background, it gradually evolved from a single entertainment function to a multifunctional and all-round cultural carrier screen landscape. People all over the world give different cultural explanations to the four colors with their own national cultures. The French understand the four colors as spear, square, clove leaf and red heart; Germans understand the four colors as leaves, bells, acorns and hearts. Italians understand the four colors as swords, coins, crutches and wine glasses; The Swiss understand the four colors as acorns, bells, flowers and shields; The British understand the four colors as shovel, diamond, clover and red heart. There have been many opinions about the color of playing cards. There are two kinds of centralized views: one is that these four colors represent the four major industries of society at that time, among which spades represent spears and symbolize soldiers; Plum blossoms represent clover flowers and symbolize agriculture; Square represents bricks used by craftsmen; The heart represents the heart and symbolizes the priest. On the other hand, these four colors come from the patterns of ancient European divination tools, in which spades represent olive leaves and symbolize peace; Plum blossom is a four-leaf clover, which means good luck; The square is a diamond, symbolizing wealth; The heart shape symbolizes wisdom and love. The 54 patterns of playing cards are also wonderful to explain: the king represents the sun, Xiao Wang represents the moon, and the remaining 52 cards represent 52 weeks in a year; Heart-shaped, diamond, plum blossom and spades symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. There are 13 cards in each suit, which means there are 13 weeks in each season. If J, Q and K are regarded as 1 1, 12, 13 points, then the king and Xiao Wang are half points, and the total number of points in a deck of playing cards is exactly 365 points. In leap years, Wang and Wang calculate 1 point and ***366 points respectively. Experts generally believe that the above explanation is not a coincidence, because the design and invention of playing cards are inextricably linked with astrology, divination, astronomy and calendar.