"Origin of the surname Zhu

About the character "Zhu"

Chihshinmu - the meaning of the character "Zhu".

The character Zhu is written as Ben or Mi in the oldest oracle bone and gold scripts, and Mi in the small seal script.

In modern Chinese, the character Zhu means "red color".

In China's oldest Chinese dictionary, Shuowen Jiezi, the character Zhu is described as follows: "Zhu is a red-centered wood of the genus Pinus. From wood, one in which." It turns out that the original meaning of the character "Zhu" for the surname Zhu is not red, but refers to a tree with a red heart. The knowledgeable paleographers explain that the ancient Zhu character is the so-called "combined referential" character, which is characterized by both pictograms and referentials. We can also clearly see from the oracle bone and gold text of the figure that the character "Zhu" is composed of two components: "木" and "一": "木" resembles the shape of a tree, "木" resembles the shape of a tree, and "一" resembles the shape of a tree. "Wood" is like the shape of a tree, and "one" is an indicative symbol, originally written as "...". shape, marked in the wood, symbolizing the heart of the tree. Duan Yucai, a great literalist of the Qing Dynasty, said that Zhu is the red heart of the wood, the so-called "red heart can not be like, so one to recognize the". Just as the word "this" refers to a tree, "end" refers to a tree, the word "Zhu" refers to a tree.

Knowing that the original meaning of the word "Zhu" is a kind of red hearted tree, the origin of the surname Zhu, only the first code has been deciphered. To know the relationship between the Zhu surname and the Red Heart Tree, a further level of analysis is still needed.

The knowledge of ancient history and totemism tells us that various kinds of totem worship prevailed in the childhood of human beings, and that these ancient ancestors, who often used some kind of animal or plant as the sacred symbol of a clan group, believed that all the members of the clan were descended from this kind of totem. The formation of the oldest family name, Zhu, was also the result of such totem worship.

In the primitive stage of collecting agriculture, human beings lived mainly in forested areas. To these survival trees and plants, human beings instinctively produce a variety of attachment, affection, awe and even worship of emotions and psychology. Among them, there is such a bloodline clan group, the red heart of the wood around them produced this mysterious and deep special feelings. They called this red heart wood Zhu Mu, and worshiped it as the god of the clan, believing themselves to be the descendants of this sacred Zhu Mu. Thus, Zhu Mu has become the clan's emblem and totem, the clan will call themselves "Zhu" clan, over time, this custom has been inherited by the clan from generation to generation, and has been generally recognized by other clans around. As a result, the ancient Zhu clan was formed as the ancestor of part of the Zhu family name in later generations.

People leave their names and geese leave their voices. Ancient Zhu people not only Zhu wood as a clan totem, their own clan called Zhu clan, and often the place where they live, live also called Zhu or Zhu Fang.

Where is the earliest Zhu Fang? Because of the history is not written, we have no way to find out today. But one thing is certain, that is, the earliest Zhu Fang, when in the growth of pine and cypress type of red heartwood in northern China. Therefore, the oldest Zhu clan, should also be originated in the central and northern China.

When we explore the Zhu Clan in accordance with the evolutionary trajectory of the ancient history, we find that the earliest Zhu land recorded in the literature is the Zhu inhabited by the ancient Zhu Chang Clan. According to the Lu Shi - Hou Ji, "Zhu Xiang's capital was in Zhu." The "Zhu" land here is also written as "Zhu" in the canonical texts, which is within the territory of Huaiyang County of present-day Henan Province, and the "Renewal of the Book of Han" (续汉书-郡国志) records that "there is Zhuyi in Chen, which is the land of Zhu Xiang". Therefore, although we can't arbitrarily think that the ancient Zhu Di in Huaiyang, Henan Province is the birthplace of the Zhu family name, it should at least be the early migration place of the ancient Zhu people.

The earliest written materials in the oracle bone inscriptions also have the "Zhu" place, such as "Bu Bin ...... in Zhu" (after the first two - eight), " Tian Zhu" (Post-secondary 1.2-). Here the "Tian Zhu" that is hunting in Zhu, Zhu for the name of the place, when in the territory of Henan not far from the Shangdu place, is likely to be the above Huaiyang County ancient Zhu land. It can be seen that the ancient Zhu people to the Shang Dynasty still have a part of the residence in the territory of Henan today. In later times, Henan became a major county of the Zhu family name, which is likely to be related to this.

Around the time of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, a large number of Zhu people in the north and the Central Plains moved south to Jiangnan, and finally migrated to live in the southwest of China, scattered. After these Zhu ancestors moved south, the original in the northern region of the Central Plains of the place name "Zhu" also moved to the south. But then the Zhu land has not only refers to a place name, but refers to the whole Zhu people in the southwest region. This idea was soon recognized by the neighboring clans, so the ancient Chinese ancestors not only called the southwestern part of the country Zhu Fang, and even called the southwestern sky Zhu Tian.

After the Zhu people moved south, still worship Zhu wood as a totem god, but can not be found in the north of the pine and cypress type of red heart wood, so the Zhu people will be the southern growth of red-colored wood instead, still called Zhu wood, which is the "Classic of the Mountains and Seas" in the southwest of the region recorded "Zhu wood". Today there are more Zhu surnames in Yunnan and Guizhou, which may also be related to this. As the Zhu clan totem of the sacred tree - Zhu Mu, in today's ancient documents can still find some traces.

There are four main sources of the Zhu surname

One, from the Cao surname, the descendants of Emperor Zhuan Xu.

According to legend, Emperor Zhuan Xu had a grandson named Wu Hui, who was the fire of Zhu Rong at the time of Emperor ?u. Wu Hui's son, Lu Feng, married a daughter of the Gifang clan and had six sons. Among them, the fifth son was named An, with the surname of Cao. After King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Cao An's descendant, Cao Zhuo, was appointed to the state of Zhu Ming (near present-day Qufu in Shandong Province). During the Warring States period, the state of Zhu was destroyed by King Xuan of Chu, and his descendants went to the euphony and adopted the name Zhu as their family name. Cao An was the founder of the Zhu family name. This branch of the Zhu Clan lived in Xiang County, Pei Province, and was known as the Jiangsu Zhu Clan.

Around the 27th century B.C., the Huaxia people in the central plains of China began to establish the earliest state power, a kind of sheikhdom, and produced one of the earliest monarchs in Chinese history. This monarch was called the "Yellow Emperor".

Huangdi's family name was Gongsun, and his father was the monarch of the state of Yuxiong, which ruled the area of Xinzheng in present-day Henan Province. Shaodian married a woman from the tribe of the Jiao Clan, Attachment Bao.

Legend has it that after her marriage to Shaodian, she was walking in a field in the countryside one night when she looked up at the sky and admired the stars. Suddenly the sky emitted a ten-thousand-foot light, like lightning, like a silver snake, circling around the seven stars of the Big Dipper. Finally, the light fell from the sky and landed on the body of the attached treasure. Attachment Bao only felt a sudden movement in her abdomen, and later became pregnant. With the general female pregnancy is different, attached to the treasure full 24 months, only in a place called Xuanyuan (in Henan Xinzheng northwest, said in Shandong Qufu) gave birth to a holy baby, he is the entire Chinese nation *** with the ancestor - the Yellow Emperor.

The Yellow Emperor initially took his father's surname Gongsun, and inherited the title of the Xiong Clan, and because he was born in Xuan Yuan, he was named "Regulus". Later, Huangdi became a tribal leader, and his tribe was mainly active in the Ji River basin, so he took the surname Ji.

When Huangdi's Ji tribe emerged, it coincided with the decline of the Yandi tribe, which ruled over the central plains and was related to Huangdi by blood. The Yellow Emperor took advantage of this great opportunity to unite with other tribes in the Central Plains, "Zhende Xiu Bing", organized a powerful army, and then launched - a fierce attack on the Yandi tribe. After an unprecedented bloody battle, the Yellow Emperor defeated the western Yandi tribe and "killed the Yandi and took over their land". Immediately thereafter, the Yellow Emperor and led the annihilation of the East Chi tribe, and after a series of north-south war, for the first time united most of the primitive clans, tribes and ethnic groups on the ground of China, the establishment of the Central Chinese nation's earliest primitive state power - Sheikhdom.

The Yellow Emperor naturally became the monarch of this emerging early state power and was honored as the Emperor. The various clans and tribes conquered at that time obeyed Huangdi's orders and became his subjects under his rule. In turn, the Yellow Emperor assigned his many sons, cronies and nobles to the four directions to supervise and manage his subjects under the sun. Over time, the relationship between Huangdi and the primitive tribes of the sheikhdoms evolved from a leader-subject relationship to a father-son kinship relationship. The members of the tribes recognized Huangdi as their father, and their descendants and the various family names they derived from also traced back to Huangdi as their ancestor. In this way, Huangdi became not only the surname Ji, but also the great ancestor of the entire Chinese nation, including the surname Zhu.

Huangdi's sheikhdoms ruled over what were then nearly 10,000 small states, in fact many primitive tribes, all over the world. He developed many systems, and the era of his rule was a model of civilization that has been celebrated by successive generations of Chinese statesmen for thousands of years. According to the Huainanzi and other books, during the Yellow Emperor's time, the Central China region had good weather, abundant crops, and a long and happy life for the people; there was social stability, the strong didn't overpower the weak, the many didn't bully the few, and the noble and the lowly treated each other as equals; the laws were concise and uncomplicated, the officials were just and unbiased, and the rulers and ministers were in one mind; and there was even a scene of peace in which no one was allowed to leave the city at road level, no household was closed at night, the cities and towns weren't shut down, and there were no burglars in the euphsia, and the people were modest and accommodating to each other, and the various ethnic groups lived in peace ****.

Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor reigned for 100 years, lived to be 111 years old before he died, and was buried in Qiaoshan Mountain, whose tomb is the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in North Qiaoshan Mountain, Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, today.

Huangdi married 4 wives and had 25 sons. Among them, the main consort, Lei Zu, gave birth to 2 sons: Chang Yi and Xuan Xiang. The Chang Yi branch, lived in Ruoshui - present-day Moqu in Qinghai, Ruoerge in Sichuan and the upper reaches of the Minjiang River - belt.

The authoritative classic on surnames, Yuanhe Surname Compilation, clearly states, "Zhu, after Zhuan Xu."

Di Zhuan Xu, surnamed Ji, first name Zhuan Xu, number Gao Yang, belongs to the Yellow Emperor, Chang Yi a.

Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor's eldest son, Chang Yi, was demoted to the Southwest Ruoshui Basin as a vassal because of his low talent and virtue, which was insufficient to inherit the throne. After being transferred to Ruoshui, Chang Yi married Chang Ma, the daughter of the chief of the local indigenous Shushan clan, and started a family, established a business and settled down here. According to the "Da Dai Li - Emperor Lineage" and "The Century of Emperors", Chang Yi's consort, Chang Ma, also known as the female pivot, saw a vision in the sky one night of a "Yao Guang star crossing the moon like a rainbow" and was pregnant, and later gave birth to Zhuan Xu, a distant ancestor of the Zhu family. However, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas - Hai Nei Jing" has a different record of this, that Zhuan Xu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, the grandson of Chang Yi, and said that Zhuan Xu's father was Han Liu. The Classic of Mountains and Seas" for the ancient south of the South to remember the South of the strange book, the record when more real and credible.

Zhuan Xu, like his ancestor the Yellow Emperor, is also a great sage in Chinese history. He was born in Ruoshui, and when he was a teenager, he moved eastward along the Yellow River basin with his tribe, then joined the Shaohao Dongyi tribe and settled in the area of Pansang (present-day Qufu County, Shandong Province), so he was also known as the Pansang Clan. Zhuan Xu was a talented young man, and at the age of 10, he became the right-hand man of Shaohao, the leader of the Dongyi tribe, and at the age of 20, he succeeded Shaohao and became the leader of the Dongyi tribal chiefdoms, establishing the capital of Pansang. Thereafter, Zhuan Xu led his tribe to migrate westward into the Central Plains. Here, Zhuan Xu first fought with the ****Gong tribes from the northwest and finally drove the ****Gongs to the south. Then, Zhuan Xu also annexed a large number of Central China Xia group 's small states, and finally united the four sides, inherited his ancestor Huangdi's throne, did the Central China Xia sheikhs monarchs, moved the capital of the Central China's Dichu (present-day Zhuan Xu City, southwest of Puzhou City, Henan Province).

The Emperor's Century, the Emperor's View and other books record that Zhuan Xu ascended to the throne in 2514 B.C., ruled for 78 years, and died at the age of 98, and was buried in Guangyangli, south of the city of Dunqiu, Puyang, in the East County (Liangzhuang Township, Neihuang County, Henan Province, present-day). The Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) says that he was buried at Perch Mountain (or Wushu or Panyu) in the upper reaches of the Han River. The Spring and Autumn Annals also recorded that the Zhuan Xu Gao Yang clan had passed the throne for 20 generations and ruled the Central Plains for 350 years.

After Zhuan Xu's death, he was honored as one of the five emperors of ancient China, and was also honored as the god of the north among the gods of the five directions, so the canonical texts also called him the Northern Emperor and the Black Emperor.

From Zhuan Xiang to Yan An - the ancient ancestor of the Zhu family name, Zhuan Xu, the northern emperor of the year, married Zou Tu's and Teng Huang's two wives, gave birth to a lot of children, which are recorded in the history of Si Jiu Ji, Luogui Ming, poor cicadas, Jiyu, 'cans, skinny about the, Boshi, and pray for the beast, etc. Among them, Zhuan Xu's second son was a father, and his father was the father of the son. Zhuan Xu's second concubine, Teng Huang Shi, also known as Lu, gave birth to 2 sons: Jiu Ji and Yu. The name of her two sons, Jing and Yu. Jing was also written in some history books as "Bo Weighing", and the character Bo Suit. The name of her son was Lao Tong (老童), which is also written as "卷章" in some historical books. He married Jiao Fu, a woman from the Gen Shui clan, and gave birth to Chong Li and Wu Hui.

The descendants of Zhuan Xu, who called themselves Wu Hui, were not able to succeed Zhuan Xu's throne due to the fact that they were born of a concubine, and gradually migrated southward to the south of the country by the time the brothers Chong Li and Wu Hui were born.

In ancient China, the names of tribal leaders were also often the names of tribes. Lao Tong's oldest son, Chong Li, was named after his tribe because he served as the chief of the Chong Li tribal regime. As a descendant of one of Zhuan Xu's branches, Chong Li was appointed by Emperor ?i?u, the then ruler of the Central Chinese chiefdoms, to be the Fire Officer - an official position in charge of fire for the chiefdoms' regimes in ancient times. In ancient times, the name of the fire official was Zhu Rong, so people also substituted the name of the official for the name, calling Chong Li Zhu Rong.

But Chongli was often ostracized by the group of Emperor ?àcú. At that time, Emperor ?ài sent Zhu Rong Chong Li to the south to suppress the powerful rebel tribes **** Gong Clan, but later on the pretext of poor pacification, killed Chong Li, and reappointed Chong Li's younger brother, Wu Hui, to take over the post of fire official Zhu Rong. In this way, Wu Hui was also known as Zhu Rong Clan.

Wu Hui, acting as Zhu Rong in his brother's place, continued to lead his tribe southward to fight against the **** Gong Clan. Later, he finally suppressed the rebellion of the ****Gong Clan, but Wu Hui died in the south as well, and was buried at Zhu Rong Peak, the sun of Hengshan Mountain in the south (present-day Hengshan Mountain, Hunan Province). After his death, Zhu Rong was honored as the god of fire, the auxiliary of Yan Di in the south of the legendary Five Square Emperors. In the history of the Zhu surname, Zhu Rong's status was far inferior to that of the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Yan An and Cao Man.

After Zhu Rong Wu Hui's death, most of his descendants and clan members returned north to the Central Plains. Later, the Zhu Rong tribe continued to split into many branches, forming the historically famous "Zhu Rong Eight Surnames".

Jurong Wu Hui gave birth to a son, Lu Feng. Lu final also has an important position in the history of Zhu surname, "Zhu Gong young bell" inscription that: "Lu final grandson of Zhu Gong (full strength) for the syncopated and bell", and thus the state of Zhu, the Zhu Clan are claimed to be the descendants of Lu final.

Lu Jian married a strange lady named Simply Women (also known as Ze), who came from a southwestern tribe called the Gifang clan. This peculiar woman was pregnant with a child, and after 3 (some say 11) years of pregnancy, she had not yet given birth, so she performed the world's earliest artificial Caesarean section, and actually took out 6 sons. 3 were taken out from under the left side of the body, and 3 were taken out from under the right side of the body. Lu's six sons were: Fan, Hui Lian, (Zhu Qian), Lai Yan, Yan An and Ji Lian. Six brothers after picking up all sealed borders to establish a state to open the family name, which Fan Feng Kunwu, descendants to form the surname Ji; Huilian Feng Senhu, descendants to form the surname Dong; raft Feng Dapeng, descendants to form the surname Peng; Laiyin Feng Kuai, descendants to form the altar surname; Yan'an Feng Cao, descendants to form the surname Cao; Jilian Feng Chu, descendants to form the surname Mi. Historically, these six surnames, together with the Bao surname, which is derived from the Peng surname, and the Pang surname, which is derived from the Cao surname, are collectively known as the "Zhu Rong Eight Surnames".

The Zhu family is derived from the Cao family among the "Zhu Rong Eight Families". Therefore, most of the Zhu family name today is also called the Cao Zhu family name; the Zhu family name and the Cao family name in today's China belong to the same family in terms of bloodline.

The originator of the Cao surname, Yan An, was also known as An, or An Pui. According to the Ziyang Zhu Jian'an Genealogy - Surnames, as a descendant of Zhu Rong Wu Hui, Yan An served in the Yu Shun Dynasty of the Central Chinese nation, and was an auxiliary minister of Emperor Shun. Later on, Yan An was granted the surname Cao by Emperor Shun for his service to Emperor Shun and established the state of Cao.

The reign of Emperor Shun was from about 2255 B.C. (B.X.) to 2206 B.C. (K.Y.), so the surname Cao was formed in the late 23rd century B.C. The name Cao is related to jujube, and the name Cao was given to the land of Cao. The character Cao is related to jujube, and the land of Cao was named after its abundance of jujubes. According to experts' research, the Cao area, where Yan An was initially appointed, was located in Cao Yang, east of Lingbao County, Shaanxi Province, which was famous for its red jujube production.

Around the Xia Dynasty, the Cao people were forced to move east to the ancient Cao City in the south of Shanxi County, Henan Province, due to the Xia Dynasty's conquests; and during the Shang Dynasty, they moved even further eastward to the northwestern part of Dingtao County, Shandong Province, which is the land of Cao State in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The state of Cao, built after Yan An, survived for more than 1,000 years, and was destroyed at the end of the Shang Dynasty after several migrations. After the fall of Cao, the descendants of Yan An, the Cao clan, still took the name of their former state, i.e. the name of Yan An's fiefdom, as their family name, the Cao clan. The Cao family name, Zhu family name, Zhu family name, Zhu family name, Yan family name, Ni family name, and so on, all originated from the Cao family name, or Cao family name, during the Xia and Shang dynasties.

Surname by country

Memory - the spider's heir

The vast majority of the Zhu clans today were not surnamed Zhu at first, but "邾"（邾）, which is the name of the clan. "

Back in ancient times, there was a clan living on the present-day Shandong Peninsula. They worshipped spiders for a variety of unexplained reasons, believing that all members of the clan were descended from this sacred spider and were blessed by it. So they worshipped the spider as the ancestral god of their clan, used it as the clan's totem and emblem, and called the clan "邾"。

Anciently, the ? clan was mainly concentrated in the area of Zou County, Shandong Province. They also called the place where they lived as "邾", thus leaving behind the names of places such as "邾城" (26 miles south of present-day Zouxian County) and "邾峄山" (also known as "邹山" and "邾山" and "邾山"), which are located in 32 miles south of Zouxian County.

In short, the ancients because of the worship of spiders, there is the name of the Zhu clan, the Zhu mountain, the Zhu water, the Zhu city, the Zhu country, but also the main body of the Zhu surname in later generations, and Cao Feng Zhu, also inherited the ancient Zhu people's spider totem, so we can think that most of today's Zhu clan, is the spider's heirs.

Man Zhu - The Founding Grand Patriarch of the Zhu Surname

The Genealogy of Jian'an of the Zhu Clan of Ziyang - The Origin of the Acquired Surname records that Man Zhu was the 27th generation grandson of Yan'an, the founder of the Cao Clan. Yann An gave birth to Junlian, Junlian gave birth to Caibai, Caibai gave birth to Ji Zha, Ji Zha gave birth to Zhu Ting, and after Zhu Ting, he passed on for 21 generations to Zhu Man.

In the 11th century BC, Chinese history witnessed the Zhou-Wu Revolution, in which the Zhou regime in the West annihilated the Shang Empire in the Middle Kingdom and established the Zhou Dynasty. After King Wu destroyed the Shang, he practiced a famous policy of granting the nobles of the same surname along with a wide range of vassals of different surnames. At that time, the state of Cao, which was built by the descendants of Yan An, had already been destroyed. King Wu conquered the Shang and captured the old land of Cao, which was then used as the fief of his younger brother, Ji Shuzhen, and became the Western Zhou state of Cao (present-day Dingtao County, Shandong Province). At the same time, King Wu also searched for the remnants of the ancient Cao State, and got Yannan's descendant Cao Man, so he sealed him to Zhuanyuan (present-day Zouxian, Shandong) to follow Zhuanxu, Yannan's incense. Historical records show that the state of Cao created by Zhuanzhuan Man was only a small tribal state with a circumference of only 30 miles. At that time, the state was only a vassal state of the state of Lu, and all of its internal and external affairs, as well as state affairs, actually had to listen to the will of its northern neighbor, the state of Lu.

The state was originally the home of the Dongyi Zhuyi clan, which worshiped the spider totem. After the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the land of 邾 was captured by the Zhou Dynasty. Cao Man established a clan state in this area after he was granted the title of Zhu Ming. When Cao Man was conferred the title, he led his Cao clan to move with him, but the local indigenous Zhu clan was still the dominant one. Thereafter, the Cao surname and the indigenous Zhuzhu clan formed a new nation, the Zhuzhu nation, through a long period of integration. They inherited the spider totem of the Minzu people, so they took Minzu as the name of the country and Minzu as their clan, and at the same time they inherited the blood mark of the Cao people - the Cao surname, which became one of the main members of the Chinese nation in the later generations of the Cao surname Zhu.

The name of the state of Zhu, the legend of the writing of the "邾娄", and the Warring States period is commonly known as "邹", or "zou". Experts and scholars study the results, that is, Lou is the local vernacular, the name is, and Zou, Zou is used after the Warring States homophonic characters, and Yan Yan Yan and the same country.

The state of Zhu, which was founded by Zhu Man, later underwent great changes and development, and gave rise to the small Zhu and the abusive state. He was also honored as the great ancestor of the Zhu, Zhu, Yan, Zou, Lou and other surnames for his pioneering work.

There are many ways to write the character "邾", but all of them look like spiders, which means that the ancestors of the Cao tribe used spiders as their totems. After the founding of the state, it used "spider" as the name of the state, and later changed to "邾"(邾), which was pronounced in two ways in ancient times, for convenience. In the Qi people made the book of "Gongyang Zhuan", "邾" word read as "邾娄", Lu people made the book of "Zuo Zhuan" read as "Zou". Why are there these two readings? This is because the ancients read the word in two kinds of sound and slow sound. If read into the slow voice, is "邾" and "Lou" sound, read "邾娄"；If read into the sharp voice, it becomes "邾 "or "Zou". These two readings were written in ancient books as "邾国" or "邹国", which actually refers to the same two countries.

The state of Zou could only be considered a small state among the Western Zhou states, and from the beginning of its establishment, it was a vassal state of the state of Lu, with a circumference of only a few dozen miles. Its territory east to the west of the city of Fei County, west to the northeast of Yutai County, Dushanhu Lake shore, south to the village of Teng County, north to the county town of Zou County, near the present. At the beginning of the establishment of the state, the power of the state was too weak to compete with other big countries, therefore, it did not leave its deeds in the history books, only a simple lineage for our reference. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, starting from Cao Man as the first ruler, its lineage was as follows: Cao Man→Fei→Cheng→Che→Fu→Gong Xin→Zi Father→Yi Father Yan. Since Yifu Yan, the history of the state of Zhu-mu can be found sporadically in the history books, and it was already in the Spring and Autumn Period. After a few generations of hard work, the state had begun to become powerful, but it was still a vassal of the state of Lu. The successor, Yifu Yan, was a dim king, who emphasized the use of treacherous ministers and made a mess of the state, and the politics was extremely corrupt. Later, he passed the throne to his younger brother, Shuji. Shuji was very wise and unwilling to take over his brother's power, so he only served as the king for a short period of time and passed the throne to Xiafu, the son of Yifu Yan. After Xia Fu became the king, he sent his elder brother You to Utopia (east of Teng County, present-day Shandong Province) and founded the state of Xiaozhu (小邾国). The state of Xiaomian was passed on for fourteen generations before it was destroyed by King Xuan of Chu in the middle of the Warring States period. At the same time, Xia Father also sealed Shuju to Abuse (present-day southeast of Teng County, Shandong Province) and established the Abuse State. In the twenty-first year of Duke Zhaogong of Lu (521 B.C.), the king of the state of Wuxu, Heihu, surrendered to Lu, and the state died. Xiafu divided the state between You and Shuzhu, giving the state two vassal states around the state of Zhuyu.

After the death of Xia Fu, he passed the throne to his son, Yi Fu, who died in the 16th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (678 B.C.), and his son succeeded to the throne as Duke Xian of Zhu, who reigned for 12 years, and then died in the 28th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (666 B.C.), and was succeeded by Duke Wen of Zhu. During his reign, the Duke moved the capital from the north of Yishan Mountain to the sun of Yishan Mountain. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the vassals were fighting for supremacy, and the big states were constantly occupying the territories of the small states. The state of 邾 was the closest to the state of Lu, and it was a vassal state of Lu, therefore, it had to follow the command of Lu. All the kings of the state before the Duke of Zhu Wen paid tribute to the state of Lu many times, and also participated in the many alliances called by the state of Lu. If there were people in Lu who could not get a foothold in the country, they would come to the state of Zhu, and the ruler of Zhu would treat them with courtesy, not daring to treat them with the slightest negligence, so as to prevent these people from finding trouble after they gained power. For example, in the 23rd year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, Zanghe, a minister of the state of Lu, fled to the state of ZhuMian, and the people of ZhuMian received him as warmly as if he were an envoy of the state of Lu. Despite the fact that the state was always respectful to the state of Lu, it was still attacked by the state of Lu. In the seventh year of the Duke of Lamentations, the state of Lu invaded the state of Zhu, and the army of the state of Zhu only put up a small resistance before it was defeated, and the capital of the state was captured by the Lu army. After entering the capital of the state, the Lu army rushed into the homes of the nobles and commoners without ceremony, looted the goods day and night, and then returned to the state with a full load of goods. As a result of this looting, the wealth that the state had gathered with great difficulty was lost, and the lives and properties of the people were also greatly threatened. In order to minimize the loss in the war, Duke Wen decided to move the capital to the south of Yishan Mountain. This place was famous for its strange rocks and winding caves, which were easy to defend and difficult to attack. After this, it was rare for the Duke to be robbed again.

Duke Wen reigned for 52 years; in the 12th year of Duke Wen of Lu (615 B.C.), Duke Ding of Zhu succeeded to the throne and reigned for 37 years; in the 18th year of Duke Cheng of Lu (578 B.C.), Duke Xuan of Zhu succeeded to the throne and reigned for 18 years; in the 17th year of Duke Ai of Lu (556 B.C.), Duke Muo of Zhu succeeded to the throne and reigned for 15 years. In the first year of Duke Zhaodong of Lu (541 B.C.), Duke Zhuzhuang succeeded to the throne and reigned for 34 years. After his death, he had to be martyred as a human being, a practice that was already very backward and barbaric during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was therefore opposed by people at home and abroad. The public opinion of the time condemned the matter in strong words. Some people said, "Six animals are not used for sacrifices, how can human beings be used as martyrs?" It can be seen from this that the state of Zhuyu in the Spring and Autumn Period was still relatively backward.

In the third year of Duke Ding of Lu (507 B.C.E.), the public interest of the state of Zhuyin succeeded to the throne. In the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu (489 B.C.), the state of Lu once again attacked the state of Mingzhu, and this time they not only looted the property, but also captured Mingzhu Yingong to the state of Lu as well, and imprisoned him, which probably offended the state of Lu. After two years, Duke Yin was released and continued to be the ruler of his country. However, he was too busy having fun and was criticized by the people as being immoral. The unpopularity of the Duke became a pretext for Wu to attack the state, and with their sharp weapons and brave army, they attacked the state, captured the Duke, brought him to Wu for education, and at the same time made Ge, the son of the Duke, the Duke's son, the Duke of Heng, the king of the state. In the 10th year of the Duke of Ai of Lu (485 BC), the Duke fled from the state of Wu. He first went to the state of Lu, then to the state of Qi, and finally to the state of Yue. The people of Yue sent him back to the state of Zhu-mu and re-established him as the king of the state. However, Duke Yin, who had suffered so much from his wandering, did not repent and was still criticized by the people of his country as being wicked, and this time even the people of Yue, who had supported him, were angry. This time, even the Yue people, who supported him, were angry. They sent troops to capture Duke Yin and imprisoned him in Yue, and made Ge's younger brother, He, the king of the state. After that, the lineage of the state of 邾邾 lacked detailed records. It can only be briefly known that the state of 邾邾*** was passed on for 29 generations and was finally destroyed by Chu.

After the demise of the state of Chu, Chu moved its royalty and nobles to the city of Chu (present-day Huanggang County, Hubei Province), while other royalty and commoners of the state of Chu moved to the city of Chu or to Qi and Lu. They went to "eup" and took Zhu as their surname to remember the hatred of their lost country.

Muyao and the Small State

Historically, besides the state of Muzhizi, which was founded by Cao Man, there was also a small state of Muzhizi, which was separated from Muzhizi and founded by Muyao.

The first son was named Xiafu, and the second son was named You. You, whose real name was Zhuyu Fei, was also known as You, and also known as Youfu, and there are bronze vessels such as Zhuyufu li that have been handed down to the world. According to the documents, back then, Zhu Ming Yan was meritorious to the Zhou royal family, so King Xuan of Zhou sealed Zhu Ming Yan's youngest son to Na (5 miles east of present-day Teng County, Shandong Province, and said to be 50 miles southeast of present-day Teng County) to establish another small vassal state.

Place was at first only a fief of Zhuanyou, but it gradually developed and became independent from Zhuanguo, becoming a new small state. It was a branch and vassal of the state of Zhuyou, but at the same time it was also a vassal of the state of Lu. The place name of the feudal state of Zhuyou was not given at the beginning, and the descendants of Zhuyou still called themselves Zhuyin, but the people of the time and the historians of the later days thought that this Zhuyou was not the old Zhuyou, and was derived from the old Zhuyou, so it was added small as a different name, and was called Zhuyou, also called Zhuyinlou; and because the capital of the state was in the same place and was the former place of the ancient state of Luang, the people of the time might still call it place state, and it was also written as Nianguo.

Smaller state was founded by Zhuanyou, but Zhuanyan was the first ancestor of the state. According to the records, Zhuyou had two sons, who were later divided into two branches: the first son succeeded to the throne as the ruler of Xiaomengguo, and the second son, Zhu Shuang, went to the state of Lu to take up the official position of the lower doctor. The descendants of the Yanshi were called Yanshi after the name of their grandfather, which is the origin of the Yanshi family in China.

By the time his grandson, Zhu Li, was born, he had been recognized by all the great powers of China for his many pilgrimages to the state of Lu, and for his service to the king under Duke Huan of Qi, and he was formally granted the title of Viscount by the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, and became the equal of his mother state, Zhu Li. But in fact, throughout the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the power of Xiaozhu was far weaker than that of Zhuanguo, so it always maintained a vassal relationship with Zhuanguo, and its military, political, and diplomatic decisions were mostly made in the same way as those of Zhuanguo.

The lineage of Xiaomang State after Zhu Lilai is not well documented in the literature. All we know is that the grandson of Duke Liming was Duke Mu of Xiaozhu, and the grandson of Duke Mu was Duke Hui of Xiaozhu. After Duke Hui-Duke of Xiaomian passed on for 6 more generations, the Xiaomian state died. Therefore, Xiaozhu had been passed on for 14 generations since Zhuyou***, and was destroyed by King Xuan of Chu together with the state of Zhuzhi around the middle of the Warring States period.

After the destruction of Xiaozhu, some of the descendants took the name of the state Ni as their surname and changed their surname to Ni; some of them took the word "place" and changed it to "brother"; and some of them joined the Zhu clan. The "Renewal of the General Documentation" recorded that "Xiaojiazhuang passed the country for fourteen generations, and went to the Eup for the Zhu Clan". Therefore, today's Cao surname Zhu should be part of the descendants of Zhuyou of Xiaojiaomangguo.

The State of Zhu Zi

After Zhu Yan was killed by King Xuan of Zhou, Zhu Yan's younger brother, Shuju, was appointed as the new ruler of the state of Zhu Zi by the Emperor of Zhou.

Shu Ju, a great benevolent and virtuous ruler in the history of the state of Zi Zi, did not pass the throne to his own son after he succeeded to the throne, but voluntarily gave up the throne to his nephew, Xia Fu, the son of Zhu Yan, who was the son of Zhu Yan. In order to thank his uncle for his great kindness, he insisted on carving out one-fifth of his state and gave it to his uncle, Shuju, so that he could be an independent ruler. Shuju's small feudal state was called the Promiscuous State.

Since the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when Shuju ceded his state and Xia Father succeeded him as the ruler of the state, more than half a century had passed, and history entered the Spring and Autumn Period. The earliest ruler of the state of Zhu Zhu in the Spring and Autumn Period was Zhu Yi Fu, the grandson of Zhu Xia Fu.

The Shiben (世本), the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋), which is a traditional classic document, and the Zhu genealogical records all record the lineage of monarchs of the state of Zhu during the 200 years of the Spring and Autumn Period: 邾克→邾琐→邾篷→邾猩斗→邾径→邾华→邾穿斗→邾益牛→邾革, which spanned from 678 B.C... to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Being known as Ke, and also known in the literature as 邾子克, 邾 Yifu was a figure in the history of the state of 邾(邾), which was a successor to the first and the second.

When Zhu Yifu was the monarch of the state of Zhu, Chinese history entered the Spring and Autumn Period, when the centralized dynasty of the Zhou Emperor fell away and the four directions were dominated by various vassals. At that time, Zhu's ancestors built the state of Zhu Zi, because of the small state of the power of the weak, simply unable to compete in the group of heroes in the fight, and reigning in the clouds. On the contrary, it could only depend on one big state and then go to another big state, trying to survive under the protection of the big states and the mutual restraint. For this reason, all the successive monarchs were actively involved in the political alliances and military wars of the great powers of the time.

The geographic situation of the state, which was bordered by Lu to the east, north and west, determined that the foreign relations of the state had to focus on Lu. The early monarchs of the state recognized the importance of the relationship between the state and the state of Lu, and thus the state became a vassal of the state of Lu from the day it was founded. During the Spring and Autumn Period, all the rulers of the state tried to mend fences with Lu, and participated in the alliance meetings convened by Lu for many times. In the first year of the Duke of Yin of Lu, Zhu Yifu entered into an alliance with Lu for the purpose of repairing the good relations between the two countries. However, since that year, Zhu Yan was involved in a coup d'état in the state of Lu, and the people of Lu lost their trust in him. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the Lu people were always on the lookout for the state, trying to encroach on and even annex its territories. In terms of cultural awareness, the people of Lu also regarded themselves as "the state of Zhou rituals", despised and looked down upon the state of Zhu, and even degraded Zhu as a barbarian. Thus, since the Spring and Autumn Period, the relationship between Lu and Zhu was very tense for most of the time. For example, in 716 B.C., Lu sent troops to invade the state of Zhu, and in 704 B.C., he invaded Zhu again. Since then, the two states have been at war for many years.

In order to cope with the threat of Lu, the state had to rely on other powers to keep Lu in check and protect itself. At first, he joined Qi, and in 681 BC, he participated in the Northern Apricot League, which was hosted by Qi. The Duke of Qi Huan claimed hegemony, and the state was an active supporter of the Duke. The policy of controlling Lu according to Qi won great benefits for the state: with the good words of Duke Huan of Qi in front of the Emperor of Zhou, the state, after being established for more than 300 years, was finally formally conferred the status of a viscount state by the Emperor of Zhou, and took its place among the vassals of the Great Powers. It is clear that the father had great merits and virtues in the history of the state.

After the death of Yifu, the successors to the throne adopted a flexible policy towards the hegemony of the great states. In 659 B.C.E., the state of Zhu joined with the state of Lu in an alliance with the state of Tamarisk in August under the auspices of Qi, but in the blink of an eye, Lu attacked the state of Zhu in September, and defeated Zhu's division in Yan, which made the state of Zhu begin to realize that Qi was no longer able to protect itself. In 642 BC, after the death of Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song succeeded Qi as the hegemon, and the state immediately threw itself into the arms of Song, and together with Cao, Wei and other countries, sent troops to follow Duke Xiang of Song to attack the original protection?