What did ancient Four Treasures of the Study mean by Four Treasures of the Study?

Pen, ink, paper, inkstone. Four Treasures of the Study (1), the central word of the idiom, Four Treasures of the Study Pronunciation wén fáng síb?o, explains the common meaning of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. Quoted from the poem "Farewell to Pan Yizhou's Paper inkstone" in Yao Chen, Song Mei: "Four Treasures of the Study went out of the second county, and I recently enjoyed the gift of the monarch." The son of heaven was forced to make a final decision. The tits were taken away immediately. (Shi Ming Nai 'an's The Outlaws of the Marsh, the eighty-first time) (2) Among many pen products in Four Treasures of the Study, the brush is a unique category in China. Traditional brush is not only a necessary learning tool for the ancients, but also has a unique charm in expressing the special charm of China's paintings and calligraphy. However, because the brush is fragile and difficult to preserve, ancient pens that have been passed down to this day are rare. There are many kinds of pens in ancient times. Judging from the raw materials of the pen, there are rabbit hair, white hair, Miki Sayaka, yellow hair, sheep beard, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair, moustache, mouse tail, tiger hair, wolf tail, fox hair, otter hair, orangutan hair, goose hair, duck hair and chicken feather. In terms of performance, there are bristles, soft bristles and double brushes. Judging from the texture of the pen holder, there are bamboo joints, feather bamboo, spotted bamboo, brown bamboo, purple bamboo, chicken wings, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, green lacquer, snail, ivory, rhinoceros horn, horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal and glass. The earliest writing brush can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. Although there were no brush objects in the Western Zhou Dynasty and above, some signs of using a brush can be found in prehistoric painted pottery patterns and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the brush was widely used to write bamboo slips and silk books. The writing brush of the Spring and Autumn Period was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. It is the earliest pen found so far. Later, the Warring States pens unearthed in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the Qin pens unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, as well as Mawangdui in Changsha, Fenghuang Mountain in jiangling county City, Gansu Province, Xuanquanjia in Dunhuang City, Maquanwan, the Han pens in the ancient rock area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Western Jin pens in Wuwei are all precious materials left by ancient times. The impression of ink seems a little simplistic, but it is an indispensable article in ancient Chinese characters. With the help of this original material, the fantastic artistic conception of China's paintings and calligraphy can be realized. The world of ink is not boring, but rich in connotation. As a consumable, ink can be presented intact today, which is very precious. Before the invention of artificial ink making, natural ink or semi-natural ink was generally used as writing material. Prehistoric painted pottery patterns, Shang and Zhou Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips, silk paintings and so on have left traces of original ink everywhere. According to documents, ink was also used in ancient ink punishment (face painting), ink rope (carpenter's use) and ink turtle (divination). After this long course, in the Han Dynasty, artificial ink finally began to appear. This kind of ink raw material is taken from pine smoke, which is first kneaded by hand and then molded, and the ink quality is solid. According to Ying Shao's "Han" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Shang Shuling, Servant Shooting, Cheng Lang, give a large amount of ink and a small amount of ink every month." Bai Weiling is located in Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province, near Zhong Nanshan Mountain. There are many pine trees on the right side of the mountain, which are very famous for the tobacco used to make ink. From the production to the final product, there are many processes such as glue injection, blending, steaming and baking, and there is also a molding process. Ink carving is an important process and also an artistic creation process. The shapes of ink are generally square, rectangular, round, oval and irregular. Ink mold is generally composed of front, back, top, bottom, left and right six pieces, while circular or idol-shaped ink mold can be synthesized only by four or two pieces. Built-in ink, close the hammer and smash the finished product. Most of the nib is engraved on the side, so that the ink mold can be easily replaced when it is reused. There are many forms of ink, which can be divided into natural ink, lacquer ink, gold ink and lacquer ink. Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges in history. Even in the prevalence of machine-made paper today, some traditional handmade papers still reflect its irreplaceable role and glow with unique brilliance. Ancient newspapers can still get a glimpse of him in Gu Shuhua. For a long time before the invention of paper, what did people use as notes? According to literature and physical data, the earliest people used knots to take notes. When something happened, they tied a knot and solved it when it was over. Later, he carved on the tortoise shell, which is called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". After the bronze wares were made, they were engraved with inscriptions, namely "Bronze Inscription" or "Zhong Dingwen". Then, write the words on the pieces cut from the bamboo, which are called "bamboo slips". For example, a wide piece of bamboo is called a "bamboo slip". At the same time, some of them are also written on silk fabrics. In the pre-Qin period, in addition to the above materials, words carved on stones were also found, such as the famous "Shi Guwen". As we all know, paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, recent archaeological excavations have questioned this. With the progress of archaeological work along the Northwest Silk Road, many sites and tombs of the Western Han Dynasty have been discovered, including many paper cultural relics. These rights documents are named after the unearthed places. According to the chronological order of ancient paper unearthed at present, it can be arranged as follows: Fangmatan Paper, Baqiao Paper, Xuanquan Paper, Maquanwan Paper, Juyan Paper in the Middle Western Han Dynasty and Dry Beach Paper in the Late Western Han Dynasty. These papers not only predate Cai Lun paper, but also have ink fonts on some papers, indicating that they have been used to write documents. Inkstone [website] Inkstone, also known as "Inkstone", was praised by the ancients as "the hand of Four Treasures of the Study". Because ink can only be called by adding water to grind it, and the stone punishment for sending ink is inkstone. Among them are pottery, clay, bricks, metals, lacquerware, porcelain, stones and so on. The most common is inkstone. There are many stones that can be used as inkstones. China is vast in territory and abundant in natural resources, with famous mountains and rivers everywhere. Where there are stones, there must be masons, so the origin of inkstone is all over the country. The most famous ones are Duanyan inkstone in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, Sheyan inkstone in Anhui, Luyan inkstone in Shandong, Weilong inkstone in Jiangxi and Chengni inkstone in Shaanxi. The stress of inkstone is: thin and greasy, moist and pure, crystal clear and smooth, good texture and color, easy to ink and not absorb water. Some have breasts, some have eyes, some have belts, some have stars, and the production is better where there are mountains and water. For example, this inkstone was taken from an axe bathed in Jiang Wei's mine in Duan Xi. Although they come from the same place, their rocks are also different, such as blue and white, azure, banana leaf white, fish brain jelly, ice flower Venus, rib, eyebrow pattern, HongLing, swallow, purple stone, turtle stone and so on. Shi Jia has yet to improve, and the carving of inkstone platform has already formed an art, which can convey its ingenuity from taking stones, cutting materials, modeling, grooving, polishing and carving. Some exquisite inkstones are no longer practical. Because of its preciousness, it can only be used for antique appreciation and collection, rather than indulging in pen and ink. The preciousness of inkstone includes valuing stones, making them, using them by celebrities and so on. The inkstone needs to be cleaned frequently and cannot be polluted. Every kind of ink must be clean and fresh. In Mo Ding, the older the better. As time goes on, its glue will naturally dissolve, but water can't be stored and must be replaced. If you are afraid of oil, you can wash it with lotus flowers or old tea leaves. It is best to add water at a slight temperature, and do not add it to the boiling water value to prevent it from bursting. Therefore, calligraphers should not only use inkstones, but also raise them. Pen, ink, paper and inkstone have their own uses and pay attention to each other. The so-called "clear water of famous inkstone, new development of Gu Mo, old pen and old paper" are combined into one, and then writing our characters has become our unique traditional calligraphy art, which is not only for us to enjoy ourselves, but is increasingly valued and cherished by people all over the world. Brush: also known as brush inkstone, it is used to check the depth of ink or straighten the brush, and is often made into a leaf shape. Handrails: also known as secret cabinets, handrails and wrist pillows, used to prevent ink from polluting hands and underarms when writing. Arched, mostly bamboo products. Poetry tube: an instrument for inserting and placing songs and books recited daily behind poetry notes. Most of them are made of bamboo, which means elegance. In the ancient study, in addition to the four main stationery, pen, ink, paper and inkstone, there are some other supporting instruments, which are also an indispensable member of the stationery family. In the Ming Dynasty, Tu Long described more than 40 kinds of stationery in the "Elegant Compilation of Stationery". There are usually pen containers, also called pen holders and pen holders, which are used to hold pens. It is often mountain-shaped, and the pen can be placed in the recess. There are also people and animals, or the old roots and branches of nature, which are particularly wonderful. Pen holder: Insert the pen in it when not in use. There are many materials, such as porcelain, jade, bamboo, wood and lacquer. It has a round or square shape, and it also has a plant shape or other shapes. Wash pen: Wash the remaining ink with a pen after use. Most of them are bowl-shaped, but also have flowers and leaves or towers. Ink bed: stop for a while when grinding ink, because the grinding place is wet and is used for temporary ink storage. Four Treasures of the Study ink box: used to store Mo Ding. Mostly paint boxes, away from humidity and moisture. The paint surface is often painted with gold patterns or inlaid screws. Paperweight: Also known as book town, it is used to press paper or books to keep paper and writing flat. Usually made into various animal shapes. Water injection: water is injected into the inkstone surface for grinding, mostly in the form of round pots and square pots with mouths, as well as animals such as toads and pheasants to ward off evil spirits. Ink drop: also known as water drop and book drop, ink drop is stored for grinding ink. Inkstone box: also known as inktone box, used for placing inkstones. It's best to choose purple, ebony, watercress and paint. Seal: used for calligraphy and painting works, such as famous seals and leisure seals. , mostly made of Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Chang fossil, etc. There are also bronze, jade and ivory seals. Yin He: Also known as inkpad and inkpad, it is used to store inkpad. Mainly porcelain