The national diet of Li nationality

Li people mainly live in Wuzhishan District of Hainan Province in the south of China, which is located in the subtropical zone with beautiful scenery and charming scenery.

Li people are used to eating three meals a day, mainly rice, and sometimes eating miscellaneous grains. It is customary to store the harvested ears of rice in a barn and thresh them with a wooden mortar when eating. The first way to cook rice is to cook it in a clay pot or an iron pot, which is roughly the same as the braised rice method of the Han nationality.

The other is a distinctive picnic method, that is, taking down a bamboo tube, filling it with proper amount of rice and water, roasting it on the fire, and cutting open the bamboo tube to take out the rice when eating. This is the famous bamboo rice.

If the game and lean meat are mixed with fragrant glutinous rice and a small amount of salt and put into a bamboo tube to cook fragrant glutinous rice, it will be more mellow and delicious, and it will be a good treat for guests.

Sweet glutinous rice is a specialty of the Li nationality, and sweet glutinous rice stew is known as "a fragrant rice is cooked well, and a hundred families smell it".

"Leigonggen" is a kind of wild vegetable that Li compatriots often eat. It is a very delicious dish cooked with small fish and shrimp or meat bones in the river. "Leigonggen" can also be used as medicine, which can diminish inflammation and detoxify. "Nansha" is a side dish that Li compatriots used to eat, but the sanitary conditions of "Nansha" are not easy to master, and now it is rarely cooked.

"Xiang" is a kind of delicious food of Li nationality, which can only be eaten on festivals or when guests come to the door. There are "fish tea" and "meat tea".

Li likes to eat rat meat, which can be preyed by mountain rat, voles, house mice and squirrels. Every family has a bamboo mousetrap. Install dozens of mousetraps at a time, and you can catch dozens of mice the next day. Li people are used to burning the captured mice, taking out their internal organs, washing them, putting some condiments such as salt and ginger in them, and roasting or cooking them on the fire.

Most of the Li compatriots are addicted to alcohol, and the wine they drink is mostly low-alcohol rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine brewed by themselves. The wine brewed from Shan Lan rice is a famous wine, which is often used as a valuable gift. This kind of wine is commonly used by the Li family to entertain distinguished guests. In some places, it is customary to use small bamboo tubes to suck wine and respect guests.

Li compatriots usually like to chew betel nuts. The way to eat betel nut is to cut betel nut into petals, wrap it with cypress leaves, add lime cream and tobacco, and chew it carefully in your mouth, which can make people drink it ruddy and refreshed. Eat areca also has the efficacy of preventing and treating diseases and beautifying, so Li compatriots regard betel nut as a healthy and long-lived food.

Under the tropical geographical environment, the diet of Li nationality has a unique style. Diet is the focus of everyone's daily attention With the development of social productive forces, the diet is constantly improving. The forms and contents of the traditional food customs of the Li nationality are very rich, forming a unique food culture.

Li people's staple food is divided into the following categories:

First, rice. The material is rice. Rice is divided into white rice, Redmi and glutinous rice. The process of cooking rice is to make a fire in a triangle stone furnace and put it in a pot. After the water in the pot is boiled, press the rice under the water and stir it evenly with a spoon. The heat is moderate. When the rice is half cooked, cover the pot, take out the firewood from the stove, and stew the rice into delicious rice with the waste heat of charcoal.

Second, the mountain column rice. Shan Lan rice is excellent in quality and rich in nutrition. When cooked, it smells fragrant and is the top grade for the Li family to welcome guests.

Third, bamboo rice. Soak rice in water, filter dry, mix with lean meat, spiced meat and appropriate amount of salt, put it in a bamboo tube (made of young bamboos of raw mangosteen or Yunzhu), then put in appropriate amount of water, and block the seal with banana leaves. Then put the bamboo tube into the fire and bake it slowly to make bamboo tube dry rice. Li Yu called bamboo rice "plum pill". Bamboo rice is fragrant and delicious, and people often take it for dinner when they go out for a long trip. Bamboo rice should also be cooked during the festival. Bamboo rice is not perishable and can be kept for a week. Contemporary bamboo rice has become people's favorite to taste Li's flavor at hotel banquets.

Fourth, sweet potato rice. Every Li family grows sweet potatoes. The production of sweet potato rice is quite unique: the raw sweet potato is washed and cut into small pieces, the sweet potato is put into the rice until it is half cooked, and 30% rice and 20% sweet potato are mixed to make porridge or dry rice. The other is to cut sweet potatoes into small pieces, dry them and cook porridge with rice. Eating sweet potato porridge in summer is sweet and delicious, cool and antipyretic, and has a health care function.

Five, pumpkin rice. In Wuzhishan area, people often cook pumpkin rice. When making pumpkin rice, peel off the skin, remove the pulp, cut the meat into small pieces, mix it with rice and cook it into porridge or dried rice. Or glutinous rice mixed with pumpkin meat, steamed into rice in a steamer, and mashed into pumpkin rice balls with a wooden mortar, which has a unique flavor.

Sixth, ginger rice. Boil ginger, take its ginger, and boil rice. Rice is yellow, has a unique flavor, has the efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and can nourish parturient.

Seven, corn rice. In mountainous areas, corn is planted in mountain gardens, and the recovered corn is threshed and dried. Put the sun-dried corn kernels into a wooden mortar, add a proper amount of water, pound the corn into powder, and then use a dustpan to remove the shells to keep the corn kernels uniform. It can be cooked into corn porridge or mixed with rice to cook dry rice. Corn and rice are rich in nutrition and are one of the staple foods of the Li family.

In addition to the above, there are sweet potato rice, sweet potato rice, pound potato rice, steamed stuffed bun fruit rice and chicken head fruit rice.

In the diet structure of Li nationality, there are many kinds of dishes. There are pumpkin, gourd, wax gourd, papaya, cucumber, beans, tomatoes, leeks, radishes, lotus roots, Chinese cabbage, water spinach and other home-grown vegetables. Wild vegetables mainly include auricularia auricula, Lentinus edodes, sweet potato, bamboo shoot, tender, Wen Zi, dried melon seeds, Cato, cauliflower, tripterygium wilfordii and so on. Meat includes poultry (chickens, ducks and geese) and domestic animals (cattle, sheep and pigs).

Li men and women are good at fishing. Men usually like to install various hunting devices on the mountains to catch mice, birds, snakes and wild boars, as well as wild animals such as grass turtles and money turtles in Wuzhishan. He is also good at fishing water turtles, tuanyu and hemp fish in the river. During slack seasons and festivals, the whole village gathers up the mountain to round up wild boar, yellow meat and wild deer. , and smoked and preserved meat for later use. Li people work in the fields every day. Men carry knives and baskets, while women carry small waisted baskets to catch frogs, crabs, rice and shrimps and cook them at home. The dishes are fresh and nutritious.

Li cuisine is used to cooking meat dishes together or mixing several dishes together. Salt is the main seasoning of dishes, and pepper is the seasoning on the table at ordinary times. Li people live in the tropics, like light food and eat less fried food. In the traditional diet of the Li nationality, in addition to the above dishes, there are dumplings and dumplings with unique flavor. Zongzi and glutinous rice balls should be made during festivals and when visiting relatives and friends.

Fruits and snacks of the Li nationality. In daily life, there are litchi, longan, mango, pineapple, carambola, wampee, jackfruit, banana, sugarcane, sour beans and so on. Another kind is wild fruit, such as steamed stuffed bun fruit, spring cake, spring bar, Shan Shiliu and so on. Domestic and wild fruits are seasonal fruits. Popcorn, baked sweet potato and cassava are Li's snacks.

Li people love life. In terms of living habits, wine is an essential drink in people's daily life. Festivals, weddings and funerals; When you enter a new house, have children, socialize, and hold religious ceremonies, you must hold banquets and drink. At ordinary times, guests are also greeted by drinking. Li people are hospitable, wine is a common ceremony, and they often toast and sing all night, forming their own wine culture.

Li people's diet has changed, and they generally learn the cooking techniques of Han dishes.