Surgical steps of nephrectomy

2. Incision selection: Different renal sites and lesions have different incision and exposure steps. See exposure route of renal surgery.

3. Cut the fascia around the kidney. After reaching the fascia around the kidney with various waist incisions, separate the back, make a small incision, and expand it up and down, taking care to avoid damaging the peritoneum.

, and then immediately under direct vision with hemostatic forceps clamp. 7. After exposing the kidney, we should pay attention to the gross pathology of the kidney and ureter. If the appearance of ureter is normal or the pathological morphology of kidney is inconsistent with X-ray film, it should be carefully verified to prevent accidental cutting.

8. If the lesion of the diseased kidney is a tumor, the fascia around the kidney should not be cut during the operation. The blood vessels at the renal pedicle should be separated and clamped first, then all the blood vessels leading to the tumor and kidney should be ligated and the ureter cut off. Finally, in the kidneys,

The kidney was separated from the perirenal fascia, and the perirenal fat, perirenal fascia and local lymph nodes were completely removed. The main purpose of ligating the renal pedicle first is to prevent cancer cells from crowding into the blood stream and spreading. This operation is called root.

Therapeutic nephrectomy. If the renal disease becomes a renal pelvis tumor, the kidney, full-length ureter, pararenal tissues and lymph nodes should be completely removed, and a part of the bladder around the ureteral orifice should also be removed.

9. When separating the ureter, do not damage the spermatic cord (ovary) blood vessels parallel to the ureter. If it has been damaged, it should be ligated immediately to avoid intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. & lt/strong & gt；