What is the school called in ancient times

Question 1: What is the school called in ancient China All periods are different, for example, the place of learning is generally called

Itching, summer said school, Yin said Ziang, Zhou said the order. The Zhou Dynasty when private schools just started to set up, and the establishment of the person is generally the vassal gentry in order to cultivate talents, so called "Palace of Learning", more famous is the Qi "Jixi". Spring and Autumn and Warring States and later other dynasties also have similar "school society", "literary society", "poetry society", etc., after the Song "academy After the Song Dynasty, "academies" prevailed and became places for students to study as opposed to "academies". Of course, most of the ancient scholars also lived in monasteries and Taoist temples (I feel that the ancients paid great attention to the study of the scriptures), so the students lived in a similar flavor. As for the place to eat, according to the literature of the Ming Dynasty, it is said that the teachers at that time did not care about the food - to go to school is to beg others, to find their own inn to live (send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface). And generally speaking, the ancients will be their learning-related buildings with very elegant name, what this hall that hall or what what the pavilion (Wen Yuan Ge).

As for the meeting of teachers, this is even more complicated: the Warring States period is a hundred schools of thought, and then called "son" is often powerful, do not want to think of us as a group of gentle scholars. Many of them were cults of violence, like the Mohists and Luban, the Zongheng and Hengjian, and the Warlords. The Moists themselves have a record of infighting over the "refusal of the son of the order". Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism, although they do not advocate "martial arts", but also between the academic "cross swords" to discredit each other, and Confucianism itself later eight points, anyway, it is a fight to the mess. Therefore, at that time, the general meeting is to fight the General Assembly, the debate on the law, organized in the Taoist temple is more (Buddhism in the late Han Dynasty in China to rise).

Question 2: What is the name of the ancient school in China "Li Ji": the order, the order of Xia Hou's also. The King's System: Xia Hou's raise the state old in the east order, raise the common old in the west order. Mengzi - Teng Wengong on "": the order, shooting also. At first, the sequence was a place for teaching archery, and later it developed into a place for all the public **** activities of the slave-owning aristocracy, such as political discussions, sacrifices, and old age, as well as a place for the slave-owning aristocracy to educate their sons and daughters.

Meng Ke: "Setting up the Ziang? The first is the "Ziang" (庠). The school is a place of education for the slaves. The school to teach. ...... Xia said school? Yin is the order? Zhou said Ziang? Learning is three generations **** of, all so Mingren also"

Question 3: the ancient text of the "school" is what it means This question involves the interpretation of the word school in the ancient text as well as the source, the details are as follows:

A. On the ancient interpretation of the word:

1. Explanation:

An institution specializing in education.

2, examples:

"Mengzi? Teng Wengong on": "set up for the ziang, order, school, school to teach the attack."

Han Yang Xiong "Hundred Officials Proverbs? Dr. Proverbs": "The state has a school, the Hou has a pamphlet."

Song Ouyang Xiu "discussing the school": "The building of the school to raise the wise, on the material and virtue and take the scholar, this is all the state of the matter."

Zheng Guanying, "Dangerous Words? Schools": "Schools are the place where talents are created and the world is ruled."

Second, explain the origin of the word:

Origin of the word

The Western Zhou called the school "Piyong", a place for a few slave-owning aristocrats to study. In ancient times, schools were called 庠, 序, 学, 校, 塾. At the beginning of the generation are not all specialized educational institutions, but also for the practice of archery, the old age of the place. In the Western Han Dynasty, the school was divided into two kinds of central and local, the central set up Taixue, is the highest national academy, equivalent to today's universities. Local school palace. Tang era schooling reached an ancient period of prosperity, school classification is more detailed, Ming and Qing dynasty school is basically inherited from the Sui and Tang, but due to the development of the imperial examination system, so that the school has become a subordinate to the imperial examination system and decorations. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, modern education began to be organized, and the school was referred to as the academy in the "Statutes of the Qin Ding Academy" of the twenty-eighth year of the reign of Guangxu (1902). By 1907, new-style school halls were set up all over the world.

After the 1911 Revolution, the Ministry of Education announced a new school system, the "school" was renamed "school", and has been used ever since.

Question 4: What are students called in ancient times Alias for students

Scholars: In the Spring and Autumn Period, students were called "scholars", "Poetry? The "Zheng Feng" (The Winds of Zheng). Zidi": "Green dickey, leisurely my heart". Zheng Xuan's note says: "The green belt, the green collar, is the clothing of the scholar." Therefore, the word "dickey" should now be pronounced "今". "Poetry? Zheng Feng? Zidi": "Green dickey". Mao Chuan: "The green belt, the green collar, is the uniform of the scholar." Han? Zheng Xuan's note: "The students are all in the school." Song? 林景熙 《酬谢皋父見寄》诗："风雅一手提，学子屦满户。" Xiao San 《He ......》poem："He is the most beloved professor of young scholars."

Disciples: "Analects? Yongya":" The Duke of Mourning asked: 'Which of the disciples is a good learner?'" Disciples are different from disciples and disciples. Song? Ouyang Xiu 《后汉孔宙碑阴题名》："其亲授业者为弟子，转相传授者为门生。" Students must learn from their teachers and be taught by them before they can hope to become successful. For the teacher, the student is the disciple.

Schoolchildren: young students. Han Shu? Arts and Letters": "Han Xing, Xiao He drafting law, also known as its law, said: 'The Imperial Historian test schoolchildren, can satirize the book of more than 9,000 words, is to get for the history.'" Lu Xun, "Scream? White light": "He just arrived at the door of his own room, seven schoolchildren will all let go of their throats, squeaky reading."

The disciples: that is, the disciples. Trespassing under the bow ":" Zi Si weeping in the temple, the door man to." Zheng Xuan note: "Men, disciples." Door, meaning the teacher's door.

The door students: also refers to students. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the term "disciple" refers to a disciple who has been retransmitted. There is a difference between a disciple, a disciple and a disciple. Ouyang Xiu in "Jigu Lu? The end of the book? In his "Jigu Lu, Treasure Tail, and Title of the Tablet of the Temple of Confucius in the Later Han Dynasty," Ouyang Xiu said, "Those who teach in person are disciples, and those who teach in turn are disciples." In later times, it also refers to the students of the pro-teaching.

Menxia: refers to the students and disciples. Dao should be training ":" Gongsun Long Gu said disciples: 'Door under the so there can be called?'" Hu Shi "Bai Juyi era of Zen lineage": "Huai Hui is also a disciple of Dao Yi, his book is not passed on today."

The door under the scholar, the door under the student, the door under the guest: refers to the students, disciples.

The Tomb of Dafu Jun (赠大夫) The epitaph of Min Fujun: "So I taught students for a living, and taught the clan and the former stream, Xunchuan. There were hundreds of students under his door." Guo Moruo, My Childhood: "He was a disciple of Zhang Zhidong and Wang Nongqiu, and I heard that some of Zhang Zhidong's doctrines were plagiarized from him." Ming Tang Shunzhi's poem "Send Zou Dongguo to take charge of the South Yard": "This goes to talk about the scriptures under the door of the guest, a few people sitting in the spring breeze relative."

Door disciple: It is said to be the disciple of the door. The first is the "The Analects of Confucius" (论语?Tai Bo). Tai Bo": "Zeng Zi has a disease, called the door disciples. Door disciples and province called "door brother

Door disciple: refers to the disciple or disciple. Disciple, meaning disciple, disciple. Therefore, some of the aliases of the students also crowned with the word "disciple". Such as "disciple", "disciple", "disciple", "disciple", "disciple". "Apprentice", disciple, protégé. Zeng Guofan's "Preface to the Return of Mr. Tang to the South": "Zhongni is gone, and the disciples are distributed in all directions". Han Fei Zi? The Hidden Learning": "Hiding books, practicing thesis, gathering disciples, serving literature and discussing." Liang Qichao, "China's academic thinking changes in the momentum": "Where the creation of a doctrine, always seeking a wide range of apprenticeships, passed on to its people, and thousands of miles of bookmakers, but also not in the road."

Student, apprentice, apprentice, art apprentice: "student" that is, students, disciples. Guo Moruo in the "appendicitis? A great lesson" said: "My own knowledge of the economy, the original is just a primary elementary school students, my opinion, of course, can not be counted." The term "student" refers to students enrolled in the ancient national schools and state and county schools. Northern History? Preface of Confucianism and Forestry: "The establishment of the Imperial College, the establishment of the Five Classics Doctor, the student members of the dry have more than one person." "Apprentice" refers to the person who receives the profession from the teacher. "Artist" refers to the students who follow the master to learn the art.

Peach and plum: the same teacher will have different students. Han Ying "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" Volume 7: "If you plant peaches and plums in the spring, you will get the shade under them in the summer, and get them in the fall; if you plant thistles in the spring, you will not be able to pick their leaves in the summer, and get their thorns in the fall." Means, spring planting peach and plum, the harvest will be the green buds of cool and fruitful; spring planting thistles, can not pick its leaves, can only get the thistles hurt thorns. Later, people used "peach and plum" as a metaphor for cultivated students and recommended talents. So today we often hear: "Peach and plum all over the world", "door wall peach and plum" and so on.

High foot, on the foot: is the honorary title of other people's students. It is said that the Han Dynasty will be divided into three classes of horses, there are high-footed, middle-footed, lower-footed difference. "High foot" is the upper class fast horse, also known as "on the foot". People then "high foot," "on the foot" compared to the high talent, used as a respectful name for other students.

Kid: "Kid" is the elders to the younger generation of the name, can also be used as a teacher to the student's name. The Analects of Confucius? Yang goods" has a famous sentence: "The kid He Mo ...... >>

Question 5: What is the name of the school in ancient China Shuyuan. Is the ancient Chinese folk educational institutions. Beginning just local educational organizations, first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the formal education system was founded by Zhu Xi, developed in the Song Dynasty. Originally by the rich room, scholars raise their own money, in the mountains and forests in a secluded place to build the schoolhouse, or set up a school field to collect rent, in order to fill the funds. At that time, the famous academy has the white deer cave academy in lushan, jiangxi province, yuelu academy in changsha, hunan province, yingtian academy in shangqiu, henan province, jiangxi province, goose lake academy, hunan province, hengyang shigushan shigu academy, henan province, dengfeng taiwu shan songyang academy, and so on.　　Taixue. It is a national university in ancient China. The name of Taixue began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Xia, Shang and Zhou, the university's title is different, the five emperors period of the university named Chengjun, in the summer for the east order, in the Shang for the right school, the university of the Zhou Dynasty named Shangziang, in the western suburbs of the king city of Luoyi.

Guo Zi Jian. It is a centralized official school after the Sui Dynasty in ancient China, the highest school in the ancient Chinese education system, also known as Guozixue or Guozi Temple.

Private school. Private school is a kind of ancient Chinese society opened in the family, clan or village within the civil early childhood education institutions. It is a school run by private individuals in the old days, centered on Confucianism, it is an important part of private school.

Question 6: What does the ancient university elementary school refer to? In ancient times, there are elementary school and universities. University to poetry, books, rituals and music as the content of learning, while the elementary school to the text of the exegetical content of the professor, so the elementary school has become the text of the alias. Han Shu? Art and literature," said: "the ancient eight years old into elementary school, so the "Zhou official" Paul's palm to raise the state son, teaching the six books, said the image, like things, like ideas, like sound, turn note, false borrowing, the creation of the word of the book also". Visible, elementary school is the basic education of ancient students, the degree of mastery of elementary school, will affect the development of a person later learning.

We are reading the "University" this classic, has been said in the previous section of the "Record of Learning" in some of the ancient education, it may be worthwhile to take a look at China's ancient university and elementary school is what a thing.

In modern times, people go to elementary school first, then secondary school, and then university. Ancient people also read elementary school first, and then enter the university (too), when there is no concept of secondary school, there is no school at this level.

There are records that show that formal schools already existed in China during the Xia Dynasty. Mencius? Teng Wengong": "set up for the ziang, order, school, school to teach. The Ziang is to raise. The school is for teaching. The order is also for shooting. Xia said school, Yin said order, Zhou said Ziang, learning is three generations ****, are so clear human ethics. Humanity in the upper, small people pro in the lower. There is a king up, will come to take the law, is the king's teacher also."

This is only 67 words, but the content is very rich, this for the interpretation:

1. Historical origin and evolution. The emergence of the school can be traced back to the distant Xia Dynasty. Its evolution, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in the establishment of schools in the continuation of this aspect.

2. Name and meaning. Although the three generations have set up schools, but the name is not the same. Xia to "school" for the name, is "teaching" means. Yin to "order" for the name, is the meaning of "shooting". The name "庠" (ziang) of the Zhou means "to raise". Although the names are different, they all mean teaching, education, and indoctrination. Wang Niansun, "Guangya Shuzi": "庠" means "to raise" and "序" means "to shoot", both of which are the names of teaching.

3. The level of the school. "庠", "序", "校" are used as the name of the township school, that is, they are all local schools. "The school is three generations **** of", this "school" means "university", meaning that up to the university, three generations are the same as called "school The meaning is that up to the university, all the three generations are called "learning" in the same way.

4. The nature and mission of the school. The nature and mission of the school. The three generations are consistent, that is, through the study of upbringing to "Mingrenren", so that the human ethics of the manifest understanding. What is meant by "human ethics"? It is the ethical code of human relationships. The ancients thought that the five relationships of father and son, ruler and minister, husband and wife, elder and younger children, and friends were the most important and unchangeable in society, and that these five relationships had to be handled in accordance with certain guidelines, so they were called "human ethics" and "ethics". For example, Mencius? Teng Wengong" said: "The reason why people are human is that they have their own way of being human, if they have enough to eat, wear warm clothes, live comfortably, but do not have an education, then it is close to the beasts. In the beginning, the sages were concerned about this point, so they let Qi be the disciple, and taught human ethics: "Father and son have kinship, ruler and minister have righteousness, husband and wife have distinction, the eldest and youngest have reclassification, and friends have faith." (This sentence is from "Mencius")

5. The role and value of human ethics. For one thing, if the upper echelons of society, such as the lords and ministers, understand human ethics, then the lower echelons of the population will be harmonious and united. This constitutes a harmonious society. Secondly, if a holy king rises up, he will surely come to learn and follow his example, and this will become the teacher of the holy king. Although the latter statement was directed at Teng Wengong, it also highlights the important universal value of "clarifying human relationships". For example, Zhu Xi, "Meng Zi Collection Note": "Teng small, although the benevolent government, may not be able to prosper; but for the king's teacher, although not the world, and its zephyr as well as the world carry on."

Let's talk about the ancient elementary school, which refers to the primary education of children and teenagers. There were elementary school in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and before that they were called Xi Ziang, Xi Xu, and Zuo Xu. Thereafter the names varied. The official school for example, there are four doors elementary school, internal elementary school, private school has a library, township school and so on.

"Primary school" also has a story. Because children in elementary school first learn to read and write, so the Han Dynasty, the literacy is called "elementary school". For example, the Han Book? Yiwen Zhi" has included the character book "Cangjie", "where the will" and so on "where the elementary school ten forty-five articles". Later, as a linguistic term, the connotation of "elementary school" was also expanding. For example, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the appearance of rhyme books, phonetics was also categorized as "elementary school". After the Tang Dynasty, exegesis was also included in "elementary school". "Elementary school" became a general term for philology, phonetics and exegesis, and was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Binglin, a master of Chinese literature, thought that the name of "elementary school" was inaccurate, and advocated to change the name to "language and writing science". "Elementary school" is a difficult traditional learning, to be proficient in it is not easy. Lu ...... >>

Question 7: What did the ancients call their teachers? 夫子 An ancient honorific for a teacher, especially popular in the old private schools.

Teacher Teacher's honorific title.

Foreign master An ancient term for a teacher.

Dr. Teachers of scripture were called Drs.

Professor Professor was originally the title of the school official, since the Song dynasty began to Song, law, medicine, martial arts and other subjects have been set up to teach professors to teach, and later generations followed.

Lecturer A teacher who teaches martial arts or explains the scriptures is called a lecturer.

Assistant teacher Ancient name for a school official. Teachers, Western Jin Dynasty Emperor Wu Xianning four years set up to assist the state son, Dr. teaching students. The North and South Dynasties, Sui Dynasty followed the set. Tang dynasty, the state school, the Imperial College, Guangwenkan, four doors of the school, etc. are equipped with assistant teacher. Ming and qing dynasties, there is only the guoziju assistant professor. For the state school (i.e., later the state prison) teachers.

Teaching Yu Song dynasty elementary school and martial arts schools set up in the capital of the teacher's title, to Yuan, Ming and Qing county school set up as usual.

Teaching Learning Ming Dynasty into the selection of the Lin Yuan of the scholar's teacher called teaching, to the end of the Qing Dynasty, after the rise of the school, the teacher is still using its name.

Teachers of the scriptures After the Han Dynasty, the teachers who taught the scriptures in schools or schools of learning were called teachers of the scriptures.

The teacher was a professor in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the state set up a school, the county set up a teaching Yu, in charge of the education of students, and the deputy is called the trainer.

Mr. Anciently, the older of the teachers in the gatehouse and private school.

Teacher The original title for elementary school teachers in the Song and Yuan dynasties.

Question 8: What is the ancient school called Each period is different, for example, the place of learning is generally called

Itching, summer is said to school, Yin is said to Ziang, Zhou is said to order. The Zhou Dynasty when private schools just started to set up, and the establishment of the people are generally the vassal gentry in order to cultivate talents, so called "Palace of Learning", the more famous is the "Jixi" of the State of Qi. Spring and Autumn and Warring States and later other dynasties also have similar "school society", "literary society", "poetry society", etc., after the Song "academy After the Song Dynasty, "academies" prevailed and became places for students to study as opposed to "academies". Of course, most of the ancient scholars also lived in monasteries and Taoist temples (I feel that the ancients paid great attention to the study of the scriptures), so the students lived in a similar flavor. As for the place to eat, according to the literature of the Ming Dynasty, it is said that the teachers at that time did not care about the food - to go to school is to beg others, to find their own inn to live (send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface). And generally speaking, the ancients will be their learning-related buildings with very elegant name, what this hall that hall or what what the pavilion (Wen Yuan Ge).

As for the meeting of teachers, this is even more complicated: the Warring States period is a hundred schools of thought, and then called "son" is often powerful, do not want to think of us as a group of gentle scholars. Many of them were cults of violence, like the Mohists and Luban, the Zongheng and Hengjian, and the Warlords. The Moists themselves have a record of infighting over the "refusal of the son of the order". Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism, although they do not advocate "martial arts", but also between the academic "cross swords" to discredit each other, and Confucianism itself later eight points, anyway, it is a fight to the mess. Therefore, at that time, the general meeting is to fight the General Assembly, the debate on the law, organized in the Taoist temple is more (Buddhism in the late Han Dynasty in China to rise).

Question 9: Ancient elementary school and universities University

University

Ancient: a group of people gathered in a specific location to disseminate and absorb knowledge in a deep field

The Book of Rites? King's system": "Primary school in the south of the public palace on the left, the university in the suburbs." Paul Fu ":" hair and on the University, learning big? Where, to fulfill the big section." Lu Wei Note: "University, the east of the King's Palace. Bundle hair, said to become a child." Han Shu? Rituals and Music": "Ancient kings did not teach for the big business, set up a university to teach in the country, set up ziangshui in the euphony."

zdic/.... .16

Elementary school

In China, there was an elementary school in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was previously known as Ziang, Xishu, Zuoxue, and so on, and then it was also known by different names. Official schools such as the four elementary school, within the elementary school, private schools such as the bookstore, township school. Modern elementary school began at the end of the 19th century. Dai Dai Li Ji? Bao Fu "" the ancient eight years old and out on the outside of the house, learn small arts, perform small sections " Northern Zhou Lu defense Note: "Primary school, the Tiger Exam Division Bao's school is also ...... "White Tiger" said: eight years old into the elementary school, fifteen into the University is also. This Prince's gift. "Shangshu Dazhuan" said: the Prince of the Secretary of State, the first son of the great doctor Yuanshi, thirteen years into the elementary school, see the small section and fulfill the small righteousness; twenty and into the University, see the big section and practice the big righteousness. This son of the period of enrollment. Also said: fifteen years into elementary school, eighteen into the big scholars, said the son of the late into the elementary school, to fifteen into the elementary school, its early into the university, eighteen into. The internal rules " said: ten years staring on the external Fu, living in the outside, learning book meter, said the Secretary of the following teach children at home also." Song Zhu Xi "" University Chapter and Verse "preface ":" life at eight years old, since the princes and dukes, to the sons and daughters of the common people, all into the elementary school, and taught to sweep, response, in and out of the section, etiquette, music, archery, imperial, books, the number of the text." Shen Congwen (沉從文) Autobiography of Congwen? A Lesson of the Xinhai Revolution": "Around the third year of the People's Republic of China, the local new elementary school was established, and on the fourth year of the People's Republic of China, I entered a new elementary school."

In the Han Dynasty, the name of writing was elementary school. Because the children into the elementary school first learn words, so the name. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was a general term for philology, exegesis, and phonetics. The Han Book? Art and literature: "The ancient eight-year-old into the elementary school, so the Zhou official" Bao's palm to raise the state son, teaching the six books, that is, like shape, like things, like the meaning, like the sound, turn the note, false borrowing, the creation of the word of the book also." Sui book? The book of scripture" began to study the text, exegesis, phonetics works prepared in elementary school. Lu Xun, "Letters to Cao Juren": "Letters to Cao Juren". To Cao Juren": "Mr. Taiyan once taught me elementary school."