Classic Monologues in Chinese Dramatic Literature (Urgent Urgent! For the exam, 3 minutes)

Henan: Henan Opera: Yu Opera, Daping Opera, Siping Opera, Wannbang, Yue Opera

Shandong: Lv Opera

Hebei: Hebei Opera

Shanxi: Jin Opera

Anhui: Huangmei Opera, Flower Drum Opera

Guangdong: Guangdong Opera

Zhejiang: Pingbang

Beijing: Peking Opera

Northeast China: Errenjie

Shaanxi Qinqiang

Shanghai: Shanghai Opera

1, the concept of drama:

Drama, a comprehensive stage art, she uses literature, music, dance, fine arts and other artistic means to shape the image of the stage art, reveal social conflicts, reflecting social life.

2. Types of Drama:

From the form of performance, it can be divided into drama, opera, dance drama, poetry, radio drama, drama, street theater, live newspaper drama, etc. From the nature of the content of the work, it can be divided into tragedy, comedy, drama, etc. From the storyline, it can be divided into a one-act play, a multi-act play and so on. From the era, it can be divided into historical drama and modern drama.

3, the elements of drama: including stage instructions, dramatic conflict, character lines and so on.

4, the basic characteristics of drama:

(1), space and time to be highly concentrated

Theatre is not like novels and essays that can be free from the limitations of time and space, which requires that the time, the characters, the plot, and the scene are highly concentrated in the scope of the stage. On the small stage, a few people's performances can represent thousands of troops and horses, walk a few laps can be shown across thousands of mountains, change a scene and characters, it can be shown to a completely new place or after how many years apart ...... separated by millions of miles, across a number of years, can be shown through the curtains, the field changes focused on the stage.

(2), the conflict should be sharp and concentrated

Various literary works have to show the social conflict, while the drama requires a limited space and time to reflect the conflict is more sharp and concentrated. Because this literary form of drama is to focus on reflecting the conflicts in real life, so that there is no drama without conflict. And because the script is limited by the length and performance time, so the real life reflected in the plot must be condensed in the stage performance suitable for the conflict out.

(3), the language to express the character

The language of the drama is mainly lines. Lines, that is, the words spoken by the characters in the play, including dialog, monologue, narration. Monologue is a character in the play alone to express their personal feelings and aspirations; narration is a character in the play behind the back of the other players on the stage from the side of the words to the audience. Drama is mainly through the lines to promote the development of the plot, character performance. Therefore, the language of lines is required to fully express the character's personality, identity and thoughts and feelings, to be common and natural, concise and clear, to be colloquial and to be suitable for stage performance.

Chinese drama mainly consists of opera and drama: opera is the traditional drama inherent in China, while drama is a Western form of theater introduced in the 20th century.

Classical Chinese opera is an important part of Chinese culture, and it has been enjoyed by the people of all generations with its artistic charm and performance form. Moreover, it occupies a unique position in the world theater world, and is known as the world's three major ancient dramas together with the ancient Greek tragic comedy and Indian Sanskrit drama.

The formation of opera can be traced back to the earliest Qin and Han Dynasties. However, the formation process was quite long, and it had to be molded only at the time of Song and Yuan. Mature opera should be counted from the Yuan miscellany, through, Ming, Qing's continuous development and maturity and enter the modern era, after more than 800 years of prosperity, now there are more than 360 types of theater. In the long process of development of classical Chinese opera, there have been four basic forms of opera, including the Song and Yuan dynasties, Yuan dynasty miscellaneous dramas, Ming and Qing dynasty sagas, Qing dynasty local operas, and modern and contemporary operas.

Song and Yuan Nanju opera arose around the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Quanzhou and Fuzhou, Fujian Province, which was the molding period of the opera.

Yuan dynasty miscellaneous operas, also known as Beiqiu miscellaneous operas, Yuan miscellaneous operas first arose in the area of Zhending in Hebei and Pingyang in Shanxi at the end of the Jin Dynasty. Prevalent in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera was the first golden age of Chinese opera. It reached such a high literary standard that, in terms of poetic style alone, the ancients had long referred to Tang poetry, Song lyrics, and Yuan operas together.

The Ming and Qing sagas are forms of opera developed from the Song and Yuan southern operas. It was produced in the late Yuan, circulated in the early Ming Dynasty, flourished during the Ming Jiajing period, and flourished in the Wanli period, and extended to the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, with a large number of works known as the "Mountain of Words and Sea of Songs".

The local opera of the Qing Dynasty is the third stage of classical opera. It has the same art form as modern and recent operas. At the end of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, local operas flourished all over the world, known as the flower section, and began to compete with the Kun Opera, known as the elegant section, in the Qianlong period. Toward the end of the Qianlong period, the flower section overwhelmed the elegant section and dominated the stage until the end of the Daoguang period. These 150 years or so were the era of local theater in the Qing Dynasty. 1840 1919 is called Modern Opera, and covers the Peking Opera formed during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years, as well as a period of theater improvement movements that emerged in the early 20th century.

The traditional opera was fiercely criticized during the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and since then it has entered the modern opera era. The formation of Peking Opera was the result of the development of local opera in the Qing Dynasty, and Peking Opera did not suppress the development of local opera at all after it became a national representative opera. From the local theater of the Qing Dynasty to the Peking Opera, it was an era of extreme prosperity for Chinese opera.

Chinese drama has only a hundred years of history. Introduced into China from the West, it was known as "civilized new opera" from the early 20th century until the May Fourth Movement, and this early drama still had some characteristics of opera. After the Fourth of May, Western drama was reintroduced in its original form, in the form of realistic drama, called "new drama", and from 1928 onwards it was called "drama", which is still in use today

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