{Urgent request}Tang Dynasty control!

The central official system of the Tang Dynasty The official system of the Tang Dynasty basically followed the Sui system.

"New Book of Tang·Hundred Officials" says: "In the official system of the Tang Dynasty, although its names and ranks increased or decreased with time, they mostly followed the Sui Dynasty." The feudal state system headed by the emperor came into being during the Wude period of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty.

relatively complete.

The emperor holds the highest power in the country and has the power to live and kill all his subjects.

Laws and decrees are promulgated in the name of the emperor, and the emperor has the power to amend laws and decrees and is not bound by laws and decrees.

Under the emperor, there were three provinces, six ministries, nine temples, and five prisons.

In the central agency, the order-issuing agency, the closure and rejection review agency and the administrative affairs agency work in a divided and cooperative manner.

The responsibilities of government agencies and administrative agencies are very clear, and the supervisory agencies are also very complete.

In addition, there is a relatively complete system of ranking nobles.

"New Book of Tang·Hundred Officials" says: If you distinguish between high and low, and describe your ability to work, you will have character, nobility, honors, and ranks. You will be promoted and demoted based on the assessment of time, so you can appoint people to manage everything... In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty,

This is how it is made.

With the development of social contradictions and changes in the political situation, the official system of the Tang Dynasty also changed.

"Emissions and assignments" gradually usurped the power of the original officials, and the emergence of some new assignments caused chaos in the original bureaucratic system.

They occupy most of the central and local power.

The situation at that time was just like what Li Zhao said in "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty": "If you are an envoy, you should be serious, if you are an official, you should be light."

This phenomenon also had a certain impact on the official system of the Song Dynasty.

The central official system of the Tang Dynasty roughly had the following systems: 1. Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi and Zhengshitang In the early Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu, the provincial governor, Zhongshu Ling, Menxia, ??the provincial governor, and Shizhong, Shangshu, the provincial governor, Shangshu Ling**

* When discussing state affairs, they are all prime ministers.

The prime minister is an official who assists the emperor in governing the affairs of the world.

"New Book of Tang·Hundred Officials" says: "It is an important task to serve the emperor as the chief official and to govern all affairs."

Later, because Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had served as Shangshu Ling before he came to the throne, his subordinates avoided him and did not dare to take up his position. Therefore, Pu She was appointed as the Governor of Shangshu Province, and he and his subordinates Shizhong and Zhongshu Ling were called prime ministers.

According to the "General Preface to the Prime Minister of Cefu Yuangui", since the Sui Dynasty, there have been "someone who has used other officials to take part in the affairs of the state and to be exclusively in charge of the government, and as an assistant."

In the Tang Dynasty, because the prime minister's taste was respected and the master was not willing to give it to someone easily, he often used his official position as prime minister and used his title as an official.

For example, during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Yan participated in the affairs of the state as a minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Wei Zheng participated in the affairs of the state as a secretary and supervisor. Later, it was called "participating in gains and losses", or "participating in political affairs", etc., with different names, but they were all the positions of the prime minister.

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"Old Tang Book·Li Jing Biography" records that in the eighth year of Zhenguan (AD 634), Li Jing came to the court to "beg for bones" because of his foot illness. His words were extremely sincere. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty

He was moved and said: I look at the past and present, and there have been very few people who have been content with their wealth.

Even if his talents are poor and he is suffering from illness, he still insists on holding his position.

Gong Neng understands the general situation and his spirit is commendable.

Therefore, Taizong not only issued an edict to recuperate him at home, but also ordered him to recover from his illness, and to come to Zhongshu's family to have peace of mind every two or three days.

In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (AD 633), Taizong appointed Li Ji as Prince Zhan Shi (the head of the hundred officials in the East Palace), and specially added the title of "Tong Zhongshu Menxiasanpin", making him participate in the same affairs as Shizhong and Zhongshu Ling.

Prime minister's office.

From then on, there were titles of "Pingzhangshi" and "Tongsanpin". Even the highest-ranking officials were no exception. Otherwise, they would not be able to exercise the powers of the prime minister. Only Sangong, Sanshi and Zhongshu Ling were not included.

In the first year of Yongchun (AD 682), Guo Shiju, the minister of Huangmen, and Cen Changqian, the minister of the Ministry of War, were the same as Pingzhangshi under Zhongshumen. From then on, "Tongpingzhangshi" also became the title of the prime minister.

After the Kaiyuan Dynasty, those who served as servants did not add "Tongping Zhangshi" to their rules. As a result, they could not participate in the prime minister's duties and were squeezed out of the ranks of prime ministers.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the title of the prime minister changed again.

In the twelfth year of Daizong's reign (AD 777), he was promoted to the second rank of Zhongshu Ling and his disciple Shizhong, so the title of "Tongzhong Shumen's third rank" was abolished.

At the same time, Zhongshu Ling and his subordinates were basically both commanders and commanders of the vassal, and were rarely appointed as prime ministers alone. Therefore, the title of the prime minister in the late Tang Dynasty was basically "Tong Ping Zhang Shi".

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the chiefs of the three provinces discussed matters in Menxia Province.

This meeting place is called the Political Hall.

"Tongkao of Documents·Official Officials 4" said: "When Zhongshu issued an edict, his subordinates would refute it. There were daily arguments and disagreements, so the two provinces were asked to discuss it in the political hall first and then report it to the public."

Later, Pei Yan, who served under Emperor Gaozong, moved to Zhongshu Ling, and then moved Zhengshitang to Zhongshu Province.

In the eleventh year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (AD 723), Zhang Shuo was appointed Zhongshu Ling, and the political affairs hall was renamed "Zhongshu Menxia", and five rooms including the official room, the machine room, the military room, the household room, and the punishment room were listed at the back.

, "Divide Cao Cao to take charge of all affairs." So far, the Political Affairs Hall has changed from a place for "discussing affairs" to the office of the prime minister.

The reason for this change is that before Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the prime ministers were all part-time governors of the three provinces (because the governors of the three provinces still had the executive office of their own provinces). They would discuss matters in the political hall in the morning and return to the province to work in the afternoon. Therefore, there was no need to establish a separate office for the prime minister.

organ.

After Xuanzong opened the Yuan Dynasty, the number of prime ministers decreased, and their positions became more respected and basically full-time (although Yang Guozhong held more than 40 positions, he mainly held the position of prime minister), so it was necessary to establish a fixed office for the prime minister.

, five rooms are arranged side by side to handle daily administrative affairs.

The political hall meeting is the decision-making body that assists the emperor in ruling the country.