What materials are used for the "Jinping" and "Painting Screen" in Shuo Ping?

[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction

Chen Congzhou (19 18—2000), a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is an expert in ancient architecture and gardens, specializing in literature, history, poetry, painting and Kunqu opera. He has been teaching in the Department of Architecture of Tongji University for nearly 50 years, and devoted his life to protecting and promoting China's ancient architecture, especially the landscape architecture culture, with remarkable achievements. He has written academic monographs such as Shuoyuan, among which Shuoyuan is the most incisive, "talking about scenery and feelings, talking about empty words and telling the truth, and writing beautifully", which has great influence in countries as far away as Japan, Russia, Britain, the United States, France, Italy and Spain.

[Edit this paragraph] Word phonetic notation

That (Na) cool curtain (wei) curtain (tui) boudoir (gui) study (Zhai) warehouse (yuan), so rest (qi) shao (Shao) sell (xiao) soul.

[Edit this paragraph] screen history

As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were records of screens, which played a role in dividing space and beautifying the environment. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, its production and decoration have been quite exquisite.

[Edit this paragraph] The role of indoor screen

● Same function as curtain.

● It can relieve vision.

[Edit this paragraph] screen classification

According to the gorgeous degree of building materials and their decoration, it is divided into

Jinping Silver Screen Jinping Painting Screen Shiping Muping Bamboo Screen

[Edit this paragraph] Requirements for screen equipment

1, the size of the screen should be adapted to local conditions, and the shape, color and painting on it should not be sloppy.

2. The setting should be commensurate with the whole, and the position and function of the display, the folding degree of the curved screen and the distance of the line of sight should be appropriate.

[Edit this paragraph] The original text is "Say" screen.

Say "screen"

Chen Congzhou

"Screen", which we generally call "screen", is a poetic term. I remember enjoying the cool in the yard with my family when I was a child. My mother always recites the poem "Qiu Guang painted a silver candle with a cold screen and fanned a small fan to fly fireflies" in the Tang Dynasty. This situation is really fascinating. Later, every time I read the beautiful sentences praising the screen in poetry and saw the screen in ancient paintings, I couldn't help but yearn for it. Because of studying ancient buildings, it is really subtle to come into contact with such things that seem to be separated from each other and play a mysterious role in space. Our ancestors were good at writing articles combining this function with aesthetic feeling on the screen, relying on a word "Qiao". No wonder, today, foreigners still praise it in unison.

A screen can separate indoor from outdoor. In the past, in the courtyard or patio (1), in order to avoid seeing the hall directly from the outside, a screen was needed, and books and paintings were placed on the screen, which not only played the role of separation, but also played the role of artistic ornament and wind protection. And the space is still circulating, and now it is called "flowing space". When I was a child, there were guests in the hall, so I hid behind the screen to watch. In the old society, men and women were different, so they could not meet each other and could only use screens. In ancient paintings, it is very common to have a screen in a room, which has the same function as a curtain. In the ancient royal court, the use of screens was more common.

Once upon a time, in a woman's room, there were usually screens, screens and barriers to buffer the line of sight. In the Peony Pavilion (II), there is a sentence "Jinping people think this is so cheap", which is used by Jinping people to refer to the girl in the boudoir. According to the building materials and gorgeous decoration of screens, they can be divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens and bamboo screens. Therefore, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, which also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users.

There are also sizes of screens. From palaces, halls, courtyards, patios to study and boudoir, they can all be placed, because different occasions naturally adjust measures to local conditions, and the size varies from person to person. Recently, I have noticed that screens are widely used in many restaurants and hotels, but they always fail to impress my poems. The reason seems to be that the shape is not light enough, the color is vulgar and the painting is not poetic. This is because producers and users are not aware of the role that screens should play in architectural beauty, and only regard them as movable door panels. In fact, the setting of the screen should be appropriate in terms of the proportion to the whole, the position and function of the display, the folding degree of the curved screen and the distance of the line of sight.

The screen is really attractive, and "leaning on the screen" and "folding your knees and looking at Pingshan" can also give you some leisure flavor, which can't play the role of cultural rest at first. Smart architects and furniture designers, with your wisdom, will certainly surpass the creation of predecessors. If that's the case, I didn't write this essay for nothing. This is a literary treatise. With strong feelings for traditional culture and profound knowledge of ancient architecture experts, the author introduced the relevant knowledge of "screen" to readers. This paper appreciates the function and unique aesthetic value of the screen from the perspective of emotional experience, and specifically describes the function and category of the screen, as well as the skills of setting the screen. It's like some treasures. Let us marvel at the fact that "our ancestors were good at writing articles combining this function and aesthetic feeling on the screen", and at the same time feel the respect for traditional culture and the determination to carry it forward.

[Edit this paragraph] Divide the structure of the article and clarify the thinking of the article.

Section 1 introduces the description object and points out the characteristics of the screen.

Section 2-4, Section 2, introduces the function of the screen.

The third section, the type of screen.

The fourth section, the problems that should be paid attention to in screen setting.

The fifth section summarizes the full text, re-emphasizes the role of the screen, and points out the writing intention.

Discussion on [Editing this Paragraph]

★ What's the function of quoting the poem "Silver candle painting a cold screen, lightly waving a small fan to pounce on fireflies"?

Quote the poem Autumn Night to express the author's love and yearning for the screen when he was young. The beginning is easy to arouse the reader's interest.

★ What is the function of quoting the sentence "Jinping people think this is so cheap" in Peony Pavilion?

"Jinping people" refers to girls in boudoir. "Shaoguang" refers to beautiful spring scenery and also implies one's own youth. "Special" means too much. This sentence reflects the infinite sadness of the protagonist. "The Peony Pavilion" by Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in Ming Dynasty, is "Going to the Garden". Du Liniang felt sorry because he didn't cherish the beautiful spring scenery, which stimulated his desire to pursue youth and happiness. The sentences in Peony Pavilion not only illustrate the scope of the picture, but also make the language lively and interesting.

★ What is the function of quoting the words "leaning on the screen" and "looking at Pingshan with your knees"?

"Embracing my knees and looking at Pingshan" comes from Zhang Henshui's "Golden Powder Family", which is full of inscriptions of "Linjiang Xianzi". It is written that the heroine participates in chanting Buddha in a small building and feels the gains and losses of life. This paper points out the cultural connotation of "screen", an ancient musical instrument, and expresses the author's hope that people can better develop and use the screen.

[Edit this paragraph] Taste appreciation

1. This article is a scientific paper. What interpretation methods are used?

2. What are the linguistic features of this article? For example.

[Edit this paragraph] Qiu

Chusek

(Tang) Du Mu

Silver candle Qiu Guang cold painting screen,

A small fan flies to the firefly.

Day and night are as cool as water,

Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.

Precautions:

Autumn night: autumn night.

Silver candle: a delicate white candle.

Light Luo Xiao Fan: A lightweight silk round fan.

Heaven: Heaven is heaven. One is the "Japanese decree".

[Modern Translation]

In autumn night, white candlelight reflects the barren painting screen; I have a small fan in my hand, patting the firefly gently. The night in Tianjie is as cool as well water; Looking up at the starry sky on the couch, Altair is facing Vega.

[explanation]

This is about the loneliness and bitterness of a frustrated girl's life. The first sentence is about autumn scenery, and the word "cold" is used, which implies the crisp atmosphere in autumn and shows the inner loneliness of the hero. Write two sentences to kill time and relieve depression by flapping fireflies. Three words: I can't sleep at night, waiting for good luck, taking the street as water to compare your love as ice. In the last sentence, I admire the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl to express my grief. Heng Tang retired and commented: "Layers of scenery are a painted figure painting. Just the word' lying down and watching' will make you feel smart. "

[Edit this paragraph] Teaching plan design 1

● Teaching objectives

Look up the dictionary, read notes, master key words, and read the text correctly and fluently.

Understand the content of the text and the relevant knowledge of "screen"

Appreciate the vivid language of this article and understand the meaning of ancient poems and sentences.

Stimulate students' aesthetic taste with the screen as the medium,

Feel the author's feelings.

● Teaching focus

Read the text with emotion, understand the relevant knowledge of "screen", appreciate the language, and find out the meaning of ancient poems and sentences in the text.

● Class arrangement

One class.

● Preparation before class

Ask the students to look for pictures about the screen, or look for them on the Internet. If students have small artworks with screens at home, they can also borrow them to enhance their intuition.

Teaching design

Overall perception

Guide people to learn new lessons.

Students take photos or small screens they find and introduce them to their classmates. Language is not necessarily vivid. Teachers can guide people and see how the author introduces them. You can also use poems describing screens in ancient poems to guide people.

Check the preview "reading and writing" and the teacher corrects the pronunciation.

The teacher read the text with guzheng music. Students listen and think:

A. Please define the screen in the original text.

B. What three aspects of the screen did the author introduce?

After listening and reading, the quartet discussed clearly:

A. screens, barriers, can buffer the line of sight.

B. The author introduces the knowledge of screen from the following three aspects:

◆ The function of the screen: put the screen outdoors (in the yard or patio) to avoid seeing the hall directly from the outside; Screen, with books and pictures on it, not only plays a role of separation, but also is an artistic ornament; It can be wind, space or circulation; The screen placed indoors is the same as the curtain.

◆ Classification of screens: According to building materials and their magnificence.

◆ Screen setting: It should be adapted to local conditions, and appropriate in proportion to the whole, placement position and function, folding degree of curved screen, sight distance, etc.

In short, the functions and settings of the screen are all in one word "Qiao".

Learn and appreciate.

Transition: the screen is rare in our life, but after reading the article, maybe you like the screen, too. Why? Because the author quoted many ancient poems, which made the explanation language lively and interesting, the students read the text aloud, find out your favorite sentence and tell me why you like it. Then read it emotionally. The class discussed it clearly:

A quoting the poem "autumn night" expresses the author's infinite yearning and love for the screen when he was a child, which is easy to arouse readers' interest in reading. In The Peony Pavilion, "The screen man is so humble" is placed after the definition of screen, which not only supplements the meaning of screen, but also makes the language lively and interesting. At the end of the article, two ancient poems are quoted, pointing out the cultural connotation of the ancient musical instrument "screen" and expressing the author's hope that people can better develop and use the screen.

B. "... a screen with books and paintings on it is necessary. It not only plays a role of separation, but also plays a role of artistic embellishment and can keep out the wind. But also in space circulation, now called' flowing space'. The word "set" in this sentence means arrangement, and it is placed with heart. If the word "Fang" is replaced, there will be no such expression effect; " Ornament is to set off and decorate, make the original things more beautiful, and accurately explain the role of the screen in the room. Students can also give more examples. )

Summary: The author introduces the use function and decoration function of the screen in vivid language, and expresses his own views and love for the screen. I hope it can attract the attention of architects, furniture designers and even users, so that the cultural connotation of the picture will always exude immortal artistic charm. We also expect the screen to rejuvenate and shine again in today's decorative arts.

Extension extension

In ancient poetry, you also know which poems are about pictures, and which pictures you have found are about pictures. Please quote poems with pictures to illustrate.

For example, Li Shangyin's "Chang 'e": the shadow of the mica screen candle is deep, the long river is gradually falling, and the stars are sinking. Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, is fascinated: the water is boundless, the geese are flat and the dancing is scattered. Smoke gathers in cold forest clusters, painting screen exhibition.

Imagine what the screen will do.

Students can speak freely and make sense.

■ homework

Sort out the "application of virtual screen" mentioned in class, write it in your exercise book, learn to use ancient poems and sentences, and use them properly.