What are the treatment methods of stomach cancer?

The etiology of gastric cancer is complex and the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer, secondary prevention should be carried out. Primary prevention, i.e. etiologic prevention, refers to trying to control and avoid known suspected cancer-causing factors. Secondary prevention is to detect susceptible individuals in the natural population and provide them with regular follow-up examinations in order to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.

1. Primary prevention

(1) Pay attention to dietary hygiene, avoid excessive stimulating diet and smoked products. Abstain from smoking and alcohol, eat regularly and prevent overeating to minimize the occurrence of gastritis and gastric ulcers.

(2) Change the traditional methods of preserving food such as salting or smoking, and widely use the frozen freshness storage method.

(3) Reduce the intake of salt in food to less than 6g per day.

(4) Consume fresh vegetables and fruits regularly.

(5) Eat more milk and milk products.

(6) Increase the amount of protein in food such as fresh fish and meat.

(7) Eat garlic regularly.

(8) Eradicate HP infection in the stomach. Patients with gastric ulcers or gastric polyps larger than 2cm for which long-term treatment is ineffective should undergo timely surgical treatment, and patients with atrophic gastritis should be followed up for gastroscopy on a regular basis, all of which are of some preventive significance.

Research has shown that:

①Cancer cannot form in a weakly alkaline body;

②Cancer can only form in an acidic body;

③If you have cancer, it means that the body is acidic;

④Cancer can only expand in an acidic body;

⑤If your body becomes weakly alkaline, the cancer can't expand;<

⑥If you can balance your body PH so that your body turns weakly alkaline, whatever cancer you have has transformed and been cured;

⑦No matter how bad your situation is, even if you can only live for 6 months, if you can transform your body PH to weakly alkaline, your cancer will not expand and you will be fine;

⑧No need to worry that in your family your mom, dad, or anyone else has cancer, as long as your body is weakly alkaline you won't get it, and if you already have it, it will shift;

9 Cancer is all about survival in acidic body fluids, nothing more. If your body is acidic, you'll get cancer. If it's weakly alkaline, you won't get cancer. If you already have cancer, if you can adjust your body's PH to a weak alkaline, the cancer will leave you.

The secret to preventing cancer is very simple, which is to eat alkaline food often to prevent the accumulation of acidic wastes, because an acidified body fluid environment is a fertile soil for normal cells to become cancerous, and adjusting the acid-base balance of the body fluid is an effective way to prevent cancer.

A) Develop good living habits, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking, the World Health Organization predicted that if people are no longer smoking, 5 years later, the world's cancer will be reduced by 1/3; Secondly, do not abuse alcohol. Smoking and alcohol are extremely acidic acidic substances, long-term smoking and drinking people, very easy to lead to acidic body.

B)Don't eat too much salty and spicy food, don't eat too hot, too cold, expired and spoiled food; the old and weak or those who have certain disease genes eat some anti-cancer food and alkaline food with high alkaline content as appropriate, and keep a good mental state.

C) Have a good mindset to cope with stress, combine work and rest, and don't overwork. It can be seen that stress is an important cancer causative factor, Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to overwork and body weakness thus causing a decline in immune function, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders in the body, leading to the deposition of acidic substances in the body; stress can also lead to mental tension caused by stagnation of qi and blood stagnation, poisonous fire inside the trap, and so on.

D)Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, more exercise in the sun, more sweating can be the body of the acidic substances with sweat out of the body, to avoid the formation of acidic body.

E)Life should be regular, irregular habits of people, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, night and other irregular life, will aggravate the acidification of the body, prone to cancer. Should develop good living habits, so as to maintain a weak alkaline body, so that a variety of cancer diseases away from their own.

F)Don't eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, fish and eggs, moldy food, etc. Eat some green and organic food, and prevent illnesses from entering through the mouth

2. Secondary prevention

(1) Carrying out a population census in the areas with high incidence of gastric cancer: it is an important way of discovering early gastric cancer. The key issue of stomach cancer prevention is early detection. Census is an important measure for early detection of gastric cancer, and anyone who is over 40 years old. Those who have a long history of stomach disease or have obvious stomach symptoms in recent months should be listed as the target of screening. In Japan, over the past three decades, the application of a stomach cancer screening vehicle equipped with X-ray double contrast imaging for residents over 40 years of age has reduced the mortality rate of stomach cancer by 27%. Although Japan has made remarkable achievements in gastric cancer screening, there are some problems to be solved. First of all, the method of applying X-ray indirect radiography double contrast method as the initial screening and then confirming the diagnosis by gastroscopy or X-ray precision radiography not only costs a lot of money, but also the missed diagnosis rate of early gastric cancer can be as high as 27.2%. Secondly, because of the lack of understanding of the natural history of gastric cancer, it is difficult to clarify how long the interval between two screenings should be. China has a large population, the economic level is not developed enough, and the incidence rate of gastric cancer is not as high as that in Japan, so it is obvious that the Japanese method of natural population screening is not suitable to be widely promoted in China.

In recent years, a lot of work has been done and some progress has been made in researching and establishing the initial screening method of stomach cancer census which is suitable for China's national conditions. There are two main methods, one is to use computer for pattern discrimination of history and symptoms, and the other is to collect fasting gastric fluid with a small ball made of various materials, and then make occult blood or biochemical examination. The purpose of this method is to screen the high-risk group first, and then further X-ray or gastroscopy, the detection rate of gastric cancer is generally more than 0.3%, of which early gastric cancer generally accounts for more than 30%, see table 6. although this method also exists the problem of underdiagnosis, due to the method is simple and inexpensive, so it has a certain practical value, and it can be popularized and tried out in the high prevalence area of gastric cancer, and it can be improved gradually.

(2) The establishment of gastric disease specialized outpatient clinic is another way of early detection of gastric cancer to reduce the leakage and misdiagnosis of patients coming to hospital. Since early gastric cancer often has no obvious symptoms, and the symptoms of middle and late gastric cancer have no specificity, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as gastritis or gastric ulcer and other chronic gastric diseases. Summarizing the diagnosed cases of symptomatic gastric cancer in China, only 29% of the cases were diagnosed within three months, while 33% of the cases were diagnosed more than one year ago. Even in Shanghai, where the medical level is higher, the average time from the first diagnosis to the diagnosis of gastric cancer is 113 days, and the number of cases diagnosed only after 4 months of hospitalization reaches 26.2%. Therefore, how to improve the early diagnosis rate and reduce the misdiagnosis time in hospital is another key to improve the efficacy of gastric cancer. According to foreign experience, after the establishment of gastroenterology specialized outpatient clinic, the proportion of early gastric cancer can be increased from 1.6% to 10.60%. In domestic hospitals with gastroenterology specialty, the proportion of early gastric cancer is 10%～180%, which is much higher than that of general hospitals (1.2%～2.7%). Therefore, hospitals with conditions should set up gastroenterology outpatient clinics to strengthen the examination of patients who come to hospitals with gastric symptoms, especially for the first diagnosis or cases with longer history and at the age of prevalence, gastroscopy or barium meal examination should be carried out in order to minimize the leakage of diagnosis and to improve the early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer among the outpatients.

(3) Follow-up of susceptible cases: It is known that patients with atrophic gastritis, gastric polyps, gastric ulcers, remnant stomach, moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia, and incomplete colonization have higher incidence of gastric cancer. Therefore, active treatment and regular follow-up examination of the above pre-cancerous states and precancerous lesions of the stomach is another way for early detection of gastric cancer. Some scholars believe that chronic gastric ulcers, multiple gastric polyps, solitary polyps with diameter larger than 2cm and severe atypical hyperplasia that are not healed after long time of medical treatment or with heavy scar formation can be treated surgically because of high tendency of cancer. Follow-up of the residual stomach has been suggested:

① For anyone operated on before the age of 40, once a year from 20 years after surgery.

②Anyone who operates after the age of 40 years should be followed up annually from 10 years after surgery.

3) For those with chronic bile reflux, once a year from 10 years after surgery.

Dietary care after gastrectomy

The recovery diet after gastrectomy is very important to make up for the chronic depletion of the preoperative disease as well as to fill in the loss of the surgical trauma. Therefore, it should be used for a longer period of time, gastric disease five meals, to ensure that there is enough nutrition, high protein, high vitamin and vitamin A, B, C content of adequate food to promote the repair of trauma. Such as eggs, dairy and its products, lean meat, tofu, soy milk and other soy products, fresh vegetables and ripe fruits. Avoid stimulating and indigestible foods, such as chili peppers, celery, wine, coffee, strong tea and celery and leeks that contain much crude fiber.

Cooking methods should pay more attention to, do not use frying, pan-frying, smoking and raw mixing methods, so as not to be difficult to digest, the use of steaming, boiling, braising, stewing and other cooking methods. Patients should wait until the surgical trauma and weak body completely recovered, and then gradually over to normal ordinary diet. As the volume is significantly reduced after gastrectomy, the absorption of food nutrients is affected, so attention is paid to increasing foods with high vitamin D content, such as animal offal and carrots, etc. in moderation in the daily diet to prevent osteochondrosis after surgery. In addition, do not rush to get out of bed after eating, should be bed rest, do not eat high sugar diet to prevent dumping syndrome.

Patients after gastrectomy should pay attention to dietary calcium, vitamin D foods, which is beneficial to bone calcification. Animal foods such as egg yolk, liver, containing retinol is very high. Some plant foods such as yellow and red vegetables and fruits contain beta-carotene, which can be transformed into vitamin A in the liver. Foods with high calcium content include various soy products, dairy products and oatmeal, cabbage, cabbage, carrots, celery, pumpkin, radish, spinach, cucurbits, leeks, dandelions, winter squash, and so on. Certain hard fruits and seed foods are also high in calcium, such as dried almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts and sunflower seeds. Fruits include oranges. Some vegetables and spinach, amaranth, water spinach and other oxalic acid contained in the calcium absorption, high oxalic acid-containing vegetables can be blanched in boiling water, so that part of the oxalic acid first dissolved in water, filtered water and then fried. Note that in the flour, cornmeal, soybean meal with a leavening agent, and extend the fermentation time, can make the phytic acid hydrolysis, free calcium increased, so that calcium is easily absorbed.