A paper on the protection of world cultural heritage

Protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of the city, repair damaged, dilapidated and dangerous parts, rectify the old as before, repair the old as before, and the environment as before. The following are related articles about the protection of world cultural heritage that I have compiled and shared. Welcome to read!

Protecting World Cultural Heritage-Cultural Heritage and Protection

Protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of the city, repair damaged, dilapidated and dangerous parts, rectify the old as before, repair the old as before, and the environment as before. Respect for history is the first priority, and we should also deeply understand that ancient buildings are the real wealth of the city, even if they are just a section of wall, we should take them seriously.

Keywords: old-fashioned; Repair the old as before; The environment is the same.

As early as more than 60 years ago, Mr. Liang Sicheng was worried about the decline of ancient historical buildings in China in the trend of "Westernization". He once lamented that the research and protection of historical buildings is an "anti-era work". [1] After the Second World War, there was a wave of reuse of modern buildings, because the reconstruction of many cities after the war was more urgent. At that time, in the shadow of modernism, many developers and architects took destruction and reconstruction as their first choice in order to achieve rapid development and pursue urban effects. They are unwilling to improve those old buildings with good condition and historical significance, so as to better adapt to the requirements of the new era and meet people's needs. Many ancient buildings were razed to the ground in the rumble.

Domestic attitudes towards ancient buildings can be roughly divided into three periods.

In the 1960s, in order to break capitalism, a number of valuable historical buildings were reduced to plus or minus zero.

In 1980s, antique buildings were often regarded as obstacles to the development of some bases, which destroyed a number of valuable antique buildings.

In the 1990s, some cities destroyed some valuable old buildings on the grounds that they were out of harmony with the overall environment and were old and sick.

With the acceleration of urbanization, the architectural heritage in many places is in a bad situation, either unrecognizable after transformation or lingering in protected areas, and the market is "eyeing" it driven by the huge real estate potential in historical areas. Looking at the World Heritage List up to 2003, we can see that there are 29 World Heritage items representing China. Except for four natural heritages and a few tattered cultural landscapes that reflect people's life history, most of them are palaces and tombs of feudal emperors and literati, as well as religious temples that they maintained and ruled. Of course, we should cherish the historical heritage. Protecting and treating them well is a sign of civilization.

Compared with several ancient civilizations in the world, including China, France's history and cultural relics can't be said to be very long and numerous, but now France and the French always appear as cultural powers and are proud of their excellent traditional culture. This pride comes from their deep-rooted concept of cultural heritage protection. In modern France, the word "heritage" is widely used, so that people's first reaction when they hear it is not related to property, but the "cultural heritage" owned by the whole people and a series of related words: cultural heritage day, cultural heritage school, cultural heritage foundation, cultural heritage encyclopedia & the magnificent palace of HELLIP, mottled and towering Gothic churches, glittering classical furniture and priceless paintings, all of which add luster to France. In fact, France has become the most impressive tourist country in the world with its outstanding achievements in the protection of cultural heritage. Why are you doing so well? Let's look below.

1887 France enacted the world's first cultural relics protection law.

19131231The law on the protection of historical sites, the first law in the modern world, was born in France.

France's cultural relics protection law is comprehensive and detailed. For example, the ancient buildings on the protection list must be approved even if a nail is nailed to the wall; In a specially protected17th century building, the position of furniture cannot be changed casually. Any violation of the regulations will be severely punished. Especially because the concept of cultural relics protection is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the public is willing to be the "supervisor" of cultural relics protection. A guy who destroys cultural relics and disrespects the ancients will be regarded as a robber and thief in the eyes of ordinary people. It is an international trend in recent years to hold cultural and large-scale celebrations by using scenic spots and historical sites, but these activities are strictly restricted. They said, in these magnificent halls, "we can't touch anything except the air here;" We can't leave anything but sound! "

1964, France conducted a comprehensive inventory of cultural heritage, and the number of historical buildings registered by the state reached 40,000, and this number is still increasing. These situations show that under the background of globalization, people are worried about the loss of national identity and eager to seek the identity of national culture, and any heritage that can strengthen this identity is doubly cherished. [2]

However, in China, the situation is not optimistic. That kind of indiscriminate behavior, which arbitrarily destroys the heritage under the pretext of development, has not disappeared today. At present, the newspaper reports that the Great Wall has been trampled by young people from abroad at will. The Great Wall is a symbol of China's reunification and a great cultural heritage, but China people "sold" it to foreigners at the price of 60 yuan per person, regardless of the national image. Relatively speaking, the French would never do this.

As early as 2000, CCTV's Focus Interview reported that dozens of well-preserved precious traditional houses in Jianshui ancient city of Yunnan Province, including Wuguanfu, Jin Shifu and Hanlindi, which were familiar to Jianshui people, were demolished. According to the demolition plan, more than 606-meter-long 100 traditional houses along Jianxin Street were also razed to the ground.

However, according to Li, deputy magistrate of Jianshui County, the reason for demolishing these heritages is only to "build this street into a pedestrian street integrating sightseeing, leisure, entertainment and vacation"-to turn it into a modern antique street. The reporter asked: "On the one hand, it is a real historical relic, on the other hand, it is a fake antique of reinforced concrete. It should be clear which is more valuable.

This kind of destruction of cultural heritage often happens. In an art magazine, an article about the destruction of the old railway station passenger building was published, describing a landmark building designed and built by Germans at the beginning of this century. No matter the age or architectural artistic value, it should be unconditionally preserved from many angles. Unfortunately, the final result was a generous demolition, because only a few people made a weak voice about the historical and artistic value of the old building at that time. It is very clear that the profound historical and cultural accumulation in urban and rural areas is on the verge of disappearing with the disappearance of architectural heritage. Various conflicts of interest caused by deliberate protection have triggered one fierce social conflict after another. Faced with such a complicated situation, what can we do? What should I do?

There are many internal and external factors in the protection and restoration of cultural heritage. In the renovation, "seeking roots" is the designer's pursuit, and the successful renovation of an old building will usher in an unusual reputation. To this end, respect for history is the first priority, and at the same time, we should deeply realize that ancient buildings are the real wealth of the city, even if they are just a section of wall, we should take them seriously. In this respect, Beijing Yuandu Ruins Park can be said to be a successful example. On the basis of repairing the old, soldiers give people the culture and civilization of the past. Its success lies in retaining the old relics, implementing key repairs and solving the requirements of new functions for ancient sites.

Protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of the city, repair damaged, dilapidated and dangerous parts, rectify the old as before, repair the old as before, and the environment as before.

The word "keep the old as before" has an implied meaning, that is, when repairing ancient buildings, some buildings should still be restored to their original appearance as much as possible under the condition of sufficient basis. A famous example is the renovation of Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Istanbul, Turkey. This building used to be a church. After it was converted into an Islamic mosque, the early Christ painted in the 6th century was covered with Islamic decorations. Modern cultural relics restorers carefully peeled off the surface of the later decoration and re-exposed the murals of the early Hagia Sophia.

Those items that have been destroyed for various reasons, which have sufficient archaeological basis after long-term investigation, mapping, explanation, debate and scheme discussion, and fully understand their original condition, are acceptable and even meaningful if they are restored to their original appearance after careful and meticulous restoration research and demonstration when necessary.

Undoubtedly, the protection and utilization of architectural heritage will be an important agenda of architecture in the 2 1 century. From the current national perspective, urban and rural renewal has become an irresistible trend of the times, but blind "demolition and construction" and "demolition and reform" are rampant. However, how to effectively protect and rationally use a large number of architectural heritages with wooden structures as the main body in China still has some flexibility between protection principles and actual operation, and how to protect cultural heritage in a targeted manner needs to be put forward.

References:

[1] Liang Sicheng, Why do you want to study architecture in China? Journal of China Architectural Society, Vol.7,No. 1.

[2] See the article "France: Regaining Cultural Heritage as Life" by Zheng Yuanyuan, a reporter of People's Daily Online in France.

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