Ewenke Folkways and Customs

Ewenki is a people who can sing and dance well.

The Ewenki people who live in Samar Street will put on their national costumes and dance "Nuzhile" or "Ahanbo" dance in joyful and rough style every festive season.

And emerged a large number of dance, vocal, literature and other various talents.

(1) clothing

In the old days, Zalantun Ewenki hunters were mainly dressed in roe deer skins and other animal skins, in addition to the birch bark summer hats as a major feature of the national costume.

Birch bark hat for a block of birch bark rolled into a cone, with twine connected up, like a hat, mainly used for sun and rain.

Nowadays, Ewenke residents dress the same as the Han Chinese, but some of the older people still want to wear the traditional leather robe, festivals or major occasions, young people with the national costume, but the fabric is mostly satin.

(2) diet

Ewenki hunters like to eat meat, mainly beast meat, which is mostly roe deer meat, followed by deer, jail, bear and wild boar meat.

Flesh-eating methods are many, such as "Dalagalan" (burning meat), the meat thrown on the coals of the fire; "Silalan" (baked meat), cut the meat into chunks or strips placed in a pot to cook, "A period of root" (eaten raw). "(eat raw), mainly eat raw roe deer, deer and other livers and kidneys; "Kuhule" (sun-dried cooked meat), the cooked meat cut into pieces and dried in the sun.

Nowadays, Ewenki hunters' diet with the local Han Chinese residents tend to be the same, but still like to eat wild animals meat and wild vegetables and so on.

(3) Residence

The Ewenki hunters in Zalantun City used to live in the mountains and near the river, mainly hunting, no fixed place, usually live in "Mukoleng".

After the settlement, the houses and interiors are basically the same as those of local Han Chinese residents.

(4) Etiquette

The Ewenki people are very particular about etiquette.

Elderly people are generally respected by the community, young people see elders, the first salute to ask for peace and respect for cigarettes.

Let the elders sit down first, drink wine, let the elders open their arms, eat meat, let the elders first knife, let the elders go first; such as riding on a horse, then dismounted to ask for good luck, and then sideways to let the old man go first.

Between the young and the old, strict etiquette, meet each other to greet each other, mutual respect, to big bully small, strong bully weak for the people of this nation abhorred.

The Ewenki people are very hospitable.

They often say: "A foreigner will not go behind his own house".

Therefore, no matter whether it is a guest of their own nation or a guest of other nations, when they come to their own house, the hosts consider it a great joy, and enthusiastically let the guests into the house, let the guests sit in the seats of the VIPs, and offer them tea and cigarettes.

For guests from afar, they are also treated with rich meat and good wine.

(5) Surname

The Ewenki were historically divided into three main groups, i.e., "Yakut", which was engaged in hunting, "Tungus", which was mainly engaged in animal husbandry, and "Soren", which was engaged in agriculture in Nenjiang River Basin. The "Solomons".

Their surnames are based on the name of the clan, but also due to the different places of residence.

The main surnames of the Ewenki people in Samar Street are: Ogdudu Tu Gedun, Nige mixed Tu Gedun simple surname Tu; Ogdudu Durar, Nisu mixed Durar, Xie Pan Durar, Zuo Ran Durar simple surname Du; Nahata, Bulle Jiguer simple surname Bu; Samakir simple surname Sasa; Mongolia Le Dato, Heiget Dato simple name of Dai; Ogdudu Heyin, Yige Ji?í Heyin simple surname He; Yige Ji?í simple surname Yi; Bai Gerzhi Jane surnamed Bai; Guarjia Jane surnamed Guo and so on.

(6) Traditional Arts

>>> Dance

The Ewenki language is also known as "Ehelege", "Eheleren".

The main dances of the Ewenki people are the Ewenki Dance, the Zhehuileng Dance, and the Aidahahiileng Dance, etc.

These dances are the most important dances of the Ewenki people, and they are the most important dances of the Ewenki people.

These dances are rhythmic and powerful, with harmonious and beautiful foot movements and upper body postures, together with rhythmic hooting sounds, which constitute the characteristics of Ewenki dance.

There is also a dance called "Nu Jing Le", which is attended by Ewenki women.

This kind of dance has strong movements, strong rhythm, more prominent foot movements, and stronger Ewenki style.

>>> Ballads

Ewenki people live in the forest, grassland and fields for a long time, and create a lot of songs reflecting hunting, gathering, planting, and social interactions, love between men and women, marriage, funeral, religious ceremonies and so on - "Zaandaren. These include hunting songs, pastoral songs, love songs, wine songs, shaman songs, etc. In addition, there are also songs of escaping from marriage, resisting conscription songs, etc., which are relatively rich in content.

The Ewenki songs have beautiful metaphors, sincere and touching lyrics, and simple and bold verses.

The rhyme scheme is based on the first rhyme, double lines and one rhyme, and the rhyme scheme of each ballad is variable, so it is easy to improvise and sing.

(7) Marriage

The Ewenki basically follow the monogamous system, but the difference is that there are the phenomena of "clan exogamy" and "aunt and uncle cousins".

"Aunt and uncle cousin" is the aunt and cousin siblings to intermarry, and have the right to preferential marriage.

After the woman married, in-laws, such as the birth of a girl, like to marry the uncle's family, commonly known as "return the bones".

The Ewenki people's historical custom of marriage, in essence, is the marriage between the two clans, and then gradually developed to intermarriage with foreigners.

Intermarriage with foreigners has long been customized, and more than half of the Ewenki in Samar Street have been intermarried with foreigners.

The Ewenki have the habit of marrying into the family.

After many consultations between the parents of both sides, no need to give gifts, the groom will be sent to the woman's home by the male side, everyone in the bride's home to have fun, the marriage is considered to be completed.

The bridegroom has the right to use and inherit the old man's property and to keep his own family name, just like his siblings.

Ewenki women choose their spouses not on the basis of poverty and wealth, but mainly on the basis of ability to work, social reputation and integrity, and hate unfaithfulness and unfiliality, and oppose inconsistency in words and deeds.

The historical marriage program of the Ewenki people is roughly divided into three stages: courtship, engagement and marriage.

The marriage proposal, you must hire a respected matchmaker, after the matchmaker's run around, the marriage can be determined; engagement, the male party should be based on their own economic situation, send livestock, wine, production tools, gold and silver jewelry, etc., and set up banquets, *** with the celebration, wishing each other the good fortune of the engagement; the marriage ceremony is more complicated, due to the difference between the difference between the residential area, the Sama Street Ewenki people with the Ewenki Autonomous Banner Nantun Ewenki people's marriage ceremony is generally the same, mainly have to build a new house, meet the bride, goodwill to make things difficult for the male party, the bride and groom *** with the meal, entertaining guests and other major ceremonies.

(8) Funeral

Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, the city (flag) in the territory of the Ewenke people died, more placed in the tree to implement the wind burial, so that the body hangs on the tree branches, landed on the ground with a cremation or dug up the earth and buried.

After the founding of New China, the Ewenki funeral customs in the territory of the same with the Han Chinese