What were the punishments of the ancients

From the perspective of world history, the development and evolution of traditional Chinese culture has its distinctive features, and this feature lies in the fact that the development process of traditional Chinese civilization has been continued without interruption. Since ancient times, ? Criminal law and virtue have been regarded as the two key elements in ruling the country and securing the state. are regarded as two sets of good policies for ruling the country and securing the state, so the ancient legal system centered on criminal law and punishment is bound to become an important component of traditional Chinese culture. Here is what I have organized for you to punish the ancient people, I hope to help you.

What are the punishments of the ancient people

1, "skinning"

Peeling by the spine when the knife, a knife to the back of the skin is divided into two halves, and slowly use the knife to separate the skin from the muscle, like a butterfly spreading its wings like a tear to? The hardest part is the fat one, because there is still a bunch of oil between the skin and the muscle, which is not easy to separate.

There is also a peeling method, I do not know how much credibility. The method is to bury the person in the soil, only one head, in the top of the head with a knife to cut a cross, pull the scalp open, into the inside of the mercury down. Because of the heavy weight of mercury, it will pull the muscles and skin apart, and the person buried in the earth will keep writhing in pain, but can not break free, and finally the body will jump out of the mouth from the set "naked", leaving only a skin left in the earth?

After the skin was peeled off, it was made into two drums, which were hung at the entrance of the Yamen to show the warning of Jong. The earliest skinning was done after death, and later developed into live skinning.

2. "Waist Beheading"

Since the waist beheading is to cut a person in the middle, and the main organs are in the upper body, the prisoner will not die at once, and after the beheading, he will still be conscious, and it will take some time for him to die.

Ming Chengzu killed Fang Xiaoru is to use the waist chopping, legend has it that after a knife down, Fang Xiaoru also elbows to support the ground crawling, with his hands dipped in blood and even book "usurpation" of the word, a **** write twelve and a half before they break the gas.

3, "car crack"

That is, the five horses split the body, it is very simple, that is, the tortured person's head and limbs on the rope, by five fast horses to five directions, tearing the person into six pieces. I remember that Shang Yang was subjected to the punishment of five horses.

It took a lot of effort to cut off the head and limbs of a person, let alone pulling them. And the suffering of the tortured person is even more imaginable. I am afraid that when it comes to the time of tearing, the victim will not feel the pain anymore. What is painful is when it is being pulled.

4, "Club Five Penalties"

Put beheading, amputation, cut hands, gouge eyes, cut ears and one, that is, "big unloading eight pieces", usually after the person is killed, before the person's head, hands and feet chopped off, and then the torso chopped into three pieces.

After the death of Emperor Gaozu of Han, Empress Lu captured his favorite concubine, Mrs. Ruyi, chopped off her hands and feet, cut off her nose, ears and tongue, and gouged out her eyes, and threw her into a pigsty to feed her, naming her "human swine". As a result, Queen Lu's own son saw, to the living scared to death?

5, "Ling Chi"

The earliest is to kill the person and then chopped into mincemeat, known as "minced meat", have suffered from this punishment remember Zi Lu, and Zhou Wen Wang's eldest son, Bo Yi Kao.

Later on, it was developed to be more elaborate, and the aim was still to maximize the pain of the prisoner, so not only was the punishment applied while he was still alive, but also the number of knives he had to suffer before he died.

It is said that the development of later, each time the lynching to be carried out by two people, starting from the feet cut, a *** to cut a thousand cuts, that is, to cut down a thousand pieces of flesh before the prisoner is allowed to cut off. And it is said that if the prisoner is not cut full of a thousand cuts on the gas, the executioner will also be punished. This developed into the ? The art of the death penalty?

And the most famous person subjected to this punishment is the big eunuch Liu Zhuan, I heard that a **** cut three days before letting him off the gas?

This is one of the official punishments of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

6, "hanged head"

In foreign countries, hanging is a commonly used punishment.

The Chinese hanged with a bowstring?

The Chinese hanged people with a bow around the neck of the victim, with the bowstring facing forward, and the executioner started to rotate the bow at the back, and the bow got tighter and tighter, and the victim lost more and more air, and finally died?

Yue Fei father and son is so dead in the wind wind pavilion, (because he is a meritorious minister, can not be decapitated, to leave the whole body) and the end of the Ming dynasty in exile Gui Wang is also so to Wu Sangui hand hanged?

7, "cooking"

that is, "invite the king into the urn" that is the era of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian when the emperor, there is a cool official in the dynasty called Lai Junchen, advocating harsh laws, the refusal to confess to the prisoners are often treated with torture. The method was to find a large urn, stuff the person in it, and then heat it with firewood underneath the urn. As the temperature got higher and higher, it became more and more unbearable for the tortured person, and if he refused to confess, he was often burnt to death in the urn... When Wu Zetian heard about this incident, she brought Lai Junchen to her and asked him what to do if the prisoner refused to confess. The first time I heard of this incident, Wu Zetian brought the prisoner to him and asked him what to do if the prisoner refused to confess.

8. "Palace Torture"

Sima Qian was tortured in the palace before he wrote the Records of the Grand Historian, and before he wrote the sentence "I am a minister of the lady's chamber" in the "Report to Ren Shaoqing". The Chinese castration is very elaborate. First, the penis (including the pouch) is tied up with a rope so that the blood does not circulate and naturally dies, and then it is cut off with a sharp knife (not just the penis). Not just the penis). After cut off, take the incense ash to cover, stop the bleeding, also need to take a goose feather inserted in the urethra. After a few days, the goose feather was removed, and if the man could urinate, the castration was a success. If urine does not come out, that person even waste, probably will die of uremia bar. So if you want to castrate to be a eunuch, it is best to castrate while you are still young, and the risk is much higher when you are older.

This penalty is often offset by the death penalty for nobles.

Relatively female for? The first of these was the use of the "claustrophobia", which began in the Qin and Han dynasties.

9, "Amputation"

On the amputation penalty, we do not say the same.

Some people say it is to cut off all below the knee, and some people say it is to cut off the foot, the latter is more credible.

In short, amputation is a kind of torture similar to amputation.

During the Warring States period, Sun Bin was framed by his senior brother and was amputated. I heard that his name was originally Sun Bin, but after the torture, he was changed to Sun "Bin".

If the kneecap was cut off, and the protection between the thigh and calf was lost, the person might not even be able to stand up, so the barnyard history said that after Sun Bin was tortured, he couldn't even ride a horse when he went into battle and had to ride in a cart (horse-drawn cart or rickshaw).

10. "Inserting needles"

Inserting needles into the nail slits. Commonly used in female prisoners

11, "buried alive"

Buried alive is a common means of war. Because it saves labor and is fast.

Buried alive in war, are called prisoners of war to dig their own pits, and sometimes will first kill the captives and then push them down, but when there is not enough time (or to save the bullets), they will be pushed directly into the soil after the cover. Burial alive is an ancient form of torture in China. But I've never heard of any famous people being tortured this way. The more severe, will bury people straight in the earth, only a head, and then begin to abuse?

12, "hemlock poison"

Hemlock poison is probably the only humane form of torture?

The most famous of all ancient Chinese poisons is the hemlock poison, from which the idiom "drink hemlock to quench thirst" is derived.

It is often used in the case of death.

13. "Stick Torture"

This is stake torture. The stick punishment here is not beating people with a stick. The stick torture here is to take a stick and stick it directly through the mouth or anus of the person, the whole root is not in, through the stomach and intestines, so that the person will die a bitter death.

There is no record of this kind of torture in the official history, but it is mentioned in the novel "Chivalry" by Jin Yong, who gave this torture a beautiful name of "open-mouth smile".

14, "Sawing"

Sawing a person to death with a hacksaw, the tragic situation seems to be similar to the death of a person by beating him to death and skinning him, so it is no wonder that there is a special torture of sawing a person to death in the tortures of hell. However, sawed to death not only in the legend of the existence of living people in hell, on earth is also a real existence. According to the "Three Kingdoms". Wu Shu. Sun Hao biography" records, the Three Kingdoms, the Wu Emperor Sun Hao's concubine instructed the close servants to the market to rob the people's property, in charge of the market trade in charge of the general Chen Sheng was Sun Hao's favorites, he captured the robbers and brought to justice. The concubine told Sun Hao, who was furious and arrested Chen Sheng under the pretext of other incidents, ordered the samurai to cut off Chen Sheng's head with a red-hot saw, and threw his body under the Siwangtai.

15. "Breaking the Vertebrae"

When a person hates another person so much, he often thinks of breaking his vertebrae. Breaking the vertebrae is indeed a very relieving behavior, because if a person's spine is broken, he is also dead. In Chinese history, breaking the spine was also a very important torture. According to "Shangjunshu. According to the Book of Shang Junshu, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Ji Chong'er intended to specify the criminal law so that everyone in the country would abide by the law, so he discussed the matter with the great ministers. When Bengjie, a famous court official of Ji Chong Er, arrived late, some people thought that Bengjie was guilty and should be punished. Therefore, Ji Chong Er approved the punishment and put him to death by breaking his spine. The generals of Jin were very afraid, and they said, "Bengjie has been following Ji Chong Er in exile for nineteen years, and he has done a lot of work, but now he has been punished so harshly for his occasional minor faults, not to mention us. From then on, everyone was afraid of punishment and obeyed the law.

16, "lead"

In the Buddhist story about Yama, there is Yama black and white two-phase statement, the white phase that is the Lord of the hell, there are a hundred officials ordered, beautiful women around the service; black phase that is, there are two hours every day, to suffer from the pain of the copper juice enema. Similarly, on earth, there is the torture of filling tin or lead. Tin's melting point is 2.32 degrees Celsius, lead's melting point is 3.27.4 degrees Celsius, no matter pouring tin or lead can be scalded to death. And dissolved tin or lead into the belly will solidify into a hard block, this heavy metal crash can also kill.

In the Han Dynasty, Liu Chuan, the king of the factory to go to the queen of the Yang Cheng Zhao Xin jealous and tyrannical. Liu went to favor another named Rong Ai beauty, many times and her a piece of wine, Zhaoxin jealousy, said to Liu went: ? When Rong Ai looked at people, she looked a bit abnormal, probably she was having an affair with someone. Liu went to believe, he saw Rong Ai is embroidering the pattern on the collar of his coat, so he seized the clothes in a rage and threw them into the fire and burned them. Rong Ai was so scared that she threw herself into a well and tried to die, but Liu ordered people to fish her out, and unfortunately she did not die. Liu went to caning Rong Ai, she confessed her affair, Rong Ai was tortured, but nonsense, and the doctor had an adulterous affair. Liu went more and more annoyed, they tied Rong Ai to a pillar, with a red knife to pluck out her two eyes, and then cut off the flesh of her thighs, and finally with dissolved lead into her mouth, so that Rong Ai has been destroyed to death.

17, "comb wash"

The comb wash here is not a woman's grooming, but an extremely cruel punishment, which refers to the use of iron brushes to the flesh of the human body one by one, until the flesh is exposed, and ultimately gagged. The real inventor of the punishment of combing is Zhu Yuanzhang, according to Shen Wen's "shengjunjiuzhengji" records, the implementation of the punishment of combing, the executioner of the prisoner stripped naked, naked on an iron bed, with boiling water to his body a few times, and then use an iron brush one by one to brush off the skin and flesh of his body. Just like the folk kill a pig with boiling water after scalding to remove the hair in general, until the skin and flesh brush all, revealing the white bone, and the person who was tortured to wait until the end of a long time to die of gas. The punishment of grooming and lynching have the same flavor. According to "the old book of tang. Huan Yanfan biography" records, Wu Sansi had sent Zhou Lizhen arrested Huan Yanfan, trailing him in the bamboo hewer to trailing, meat was exhausted, revealing the white bones, and then he caned him to death.

18, "Branding"

That is, the ink penalty, ? The minister is not right to the king, serving the ink penalty, chiseling his forehead, nee to ink?

19, "wakes"

Cutting the nose, about produced in the Shang Dynasty.

20, "flogging"

The punishment of beating the buttocks, legs and back with small thorns or small bamboo boards. It was designated as one of the five punishments in the Sui Dynasty and was used until the Qing Dynasty.

21, "canes"

With a large wattle or a large bamboo board to beat the buttocks, legs, back punishment. It was designated as one of the five punishments in the Sui Dynasty and was used until the Qing Dynasty.

23, "Bin"

is a kind of torture to cut off the kneecap.

24, "Da Pai"

is often referred to as beheading. Zhou, Shang, Spring and Autumn and Warring States period also as a common name for the death penalty.

25, "Cannon Branding"

is a kind of punishment to put people on the red-hot metal torture instrument.

26, "soup wok"

is a kind of punishment to put people into boiling water to cook to death.

27, "Abandonment of the City"

A kind of punishment in which the death penalty (beheading) was carried out in the downtown area and the body was exposed on the street. Prevalent in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties.

28, "minced meat"

A kind of torture, the prisoner chopped into mush.

29, "Beast Penalty"

This is an ancient Roman tyrant Nero Claudius Caesar era of a cruel punishment. It is to give the prisoners to the lions, leopards and other animals in the Colosseum as food.

30, "Iron Virgin Penalty"

Iron Virgin Penalty - Nuremberg of the [Iron Virgin], ? She? was a vessel that could be opened and closed, the interior covered with sharp iron nails, and with? As she closed, the prisoner would be poked and prodded to death. s closed, the prisoner would be poked and prodded to death.

Grimm mythology states that the so-called ? Iron Virgin? was a queen in medieval France who accidentally cut her skin one day while combing her hair. She found that the blood-soaked area was as white as a young girl's skin. Much so that she later designed this torture device, the courtesan will be high hi up in it, but they are in the bath to enjoy that blood-soaked pleasure. Because she was convinced that blood would make her look younger.

It is well documented that the medieval Hungarian ? Bloodthirsty Countess?Elizabeth Bathory commonly used this to imprison young girls within the village. This torture device was also used during the witch sweeps. Because of the nails in the door, the person locked in would bleed slowly, slowly ...... Slow ...... Slowly...... Slowly ...... , and finally die of pain. Many young girls died under this torture device during the witching period.

Iron maiden is a medieval European torture instrument, the appearance of a human-shaped coffin, the inside of the various places are equipped with movable iron nails, change the different parts of the iron nails piercing the torture. In particular, the iron nails are movable in places that cause severe pain and near fatal places. The executioner intentionally pulls out the nails in these areas slightly to prolong the pain of the victim. The torture device has four basic features, which also fully demonstrate its cruelty. If a long nail is driven in through a small hole, it will open up the body of the tortured person. In order to increase the pain of the victim, the victim's vital points were avoided. Since the torture device is placed vertically, the victim is completely suspended by the iron nails in the barrel coffin.

The space inside the barrel coffin is extremely narrow, which will constantly bring the physical and mental pain to the victim, this torture device, although there are four sides of the folio, but even if all the doors are open, the victim can not escape. The walls of the barrel are so thick that the groans and screams of the victim cannot be heard from outside without opening the door. Moreover, if the door is opened in the middle of the process and then closed again, the iron needle will penetrate into the same wounds on the victim's body, so that there is no hope of alleviating the pain of death.

31, "cut the throat"

is a unique punishment in ancient Rome. It is to use a dagger to cut the prisoner's throat, causing the prisoner to bleed to death.

32, "starvation"

In medieval Europe, the prisoners were masked, the mouth was stuffed with an iron tongue, hands and feet shackles, prisoners died of hunger.

33, "Drum Penalty"

In ancient Korea, let the prisoners carry a big drum, behind the executioner to beat the drum, in order to shock the prisoners hard; drum broken often have to change, only shocked the prisoners fell down.

34, "pounding sentence"

is that the prisoner was sentenced to tattoo criminals, escorted to the border, service tanning, pounding the labor of rice, this sentence is more to deal with ungrateful female offenders.

35, "squeezing the torture"

Anciently, a kind of torture on female offenders. Squeezing is the punishment of pinching the fingers of the prisoner, so it is also known as squeezing the fingers, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, the government is used to female offenders to force them to confess.

36, "pressure torture"

Through the rotation of the wheel, the person will be crushed, the wheel to do more wide, this sentence used in ancient Europe.

37, "ascending sentence"

This machinery is not used to elevate, but used to the prisoner gradually propped up and pulled, until the bones and tendons broken. This was much seen in the dark Middle Ages.

38, "itch death penalty"

Let lice, mosquitoes, flies around the person to bite, and will be dirty water to the prisoner body, dirty grass and rotten wood to the prisoner body bundles, this punishment is used to dispose of adulterous women.

39, "Stone Penalty"

The prisoner in the low-lying area tied up, the executioner stood on the high side of the stone thrown to death. This is the earliest recorded criminal law.

40, "riding a wooden donkey torture"

Riding a wooden donkey, a kind of torture for female prisoners. The so-called wooden donkey, in fact, is a donkey made of wood, wooden donkey back, erected a thumb-thick pointed wooden stake. When the female prisoner was forced to sit down, the stake was driven straight into her lower body. And, with the wooden donkey's walk, the pointed wooden stake is also a stretch a contraction, straight to make the female prisoners of the lower body of blood, pain and heartbreaking, many of the female prisoners of this punishment often die on the wooden donkey. In ancient times, this kind of punishment is often used to punish the so-called cheating adulteress, legend has it that by the invention of Di Renjie.

41, "wooden cane punishment"

Song, Ming and Qing dynasties that women have committed crimes, must be? To remove the clothes and receive the cane? The punishment of canes is one of the five punishments since the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Song, Ming and Qing dynasties stipulated that women who commit crimes, must? To remove the clothes and receive the staff? In addition to causing physical pain, and to achieve the effect of humiliation. Mostly with wooden boards to beat.

42, "Give? The first is the "Giving of Things", which is an example of the "Giving of Things". s Punishment

In ancient times, poisoned wine, swords, damasks, ropes and other objects were given to special status criminals to die by themselves. Giving death in ancient times to the status of special offenders using the gift of poisonous wine, the gift of the sword, the gift of damask, the gift of rope and other things, by their own death. Women are given more damask, used throughout the ages.

43, "scalping"

Also known as scalping, is to shave off the hair of the prisoner's punishment, only for women.