What is the general process of messaging

Messaging means that people communicate messages to each other through sounds, words or images. Messaging is the study of who says what to whom, in what way, through what channels, and for what purpose. Communicating information about goods in sales management is to influence people's purchasing behavior in a specific way so that it produces a reaction in the market. There are three basic links in the information transfer program. The first link is that the communicator (sales manager), in order to communicate the message to the receiver (consumer), must translate the message into a language or image that the receiver can understand. The second link is that the receiver (consumer) has to translate the message into an interpretation that he or she can understand, which is called "translation". The third link is the receiver's (consumer's) response to the message, which is then passed on to the communicator (sales manager), called feedback.

Basic link

Information transfer

(a) the conveyor, in the commodity information transfer process, the conveyor's representative is the sales manager, who chooses the information machine to convey the channel to influence, persuade consumers. The effect of information in the end is good, generally depends on three factors, specialization, credibility and visibility. Specialization means that the information should have specialized knowledge, for example, if the information about medicine is delivered through a reputable doctor, its specialization is high. Credibility means that the report should be true, so that people feel reliable, such as by a third party to write news or feature reports on goods, on this salesman publicity more people believe. Visibility means that the information should be attractive, easy to read, and does not cause consumers to misunderstand. These are all promotional techniques. The sales manager should pay close attention to find the more effective message and delivery method.

(2) translation: the conveyor to convey the message to the intended recipient, we must consider the use of what way to attract the recipient, and make the recipient to get the correct understanding, this is "translation". For example: the use of personnel marketing, conveying information is mainly expressed in words, the salesman can also improvise, so that their own language, tone, attitude more in line with the customer's requirements; at the same time, the personnel marketing can also be used as a sample demonstration, so that more accurately "translated" information. If the use of promotional tools is advertising or publicity text, "translation" work is more difficult. Because, first of all, you have to consider what communication method to use to "translate" the message more completely, for example, whether to choose television, or to utilize the press? Secondly, it is necessary to study the techniques of "translation", such as what kind of scripts and pictures should be used in the advertisement? Otherwise, the "translated" content may not match the original message, or may not be vivid and attractive. In export trade promotion, due to the different cultures, languages and lifestyles of buyers and sellers, the methods and techniques of "translation" are even more complicated, which is not only a matter of text translation.

(3) the way of communication, which is the means of transmission of information. The use of personnel promotional channels, both salesmen or company representatives and customers direct interviews; can also be consultants, experts with their own expertise to influence customers; or by the buyer's friends, neighbors, colleagues, family members in the daily dealings to influence the buyer. This type of approach is verbal influence. The use of non-personnel promotion can be through the press, television, radio, posters, letters and other media. If more than one way is used at the same time, it becomes a media mix. Generally speaking, personnel promotion is more targeted, but the influence is narrower; non-personnel promotion is weakly targeted, but the influence is wider. Therefore, the two are used at the same time, in order to complement each other and play a greater role.

(4) "translation into": the enterprise will pass the information to the consumer, the consumer has an understanding of the problem, which is "translation into". Whether the use of promotional tools have a good effect, the key lies in the "translation into" whether the "translation" in line with the "translation". If the consumer hears or sees a product after the publicity, his understanding and the enterprise wants to publicize the intention of the basic match, then, this information transfer is successful.

(E) feedback, the enterprise to the product information out after, can not be finished, but also through market research, to understand the information on the impact of consumers, to understand the attitude of potential consumers of this product and changes in purchasing behavior, which is the feedback. Enterprises should be based on the feedback, decide whether the future sales strategy should be adjusted. This is a complete model of information communication which emphasizes the main factors of effective communication. The communicator must be clear about what kind of receiver the message is to be delivered to and what kind of response he or she wants to get, and must be familiar with how to translate and consider how the receiver will usually interpret. The source must deliver the message through an effective medium that can reach the receiver. The communicator must also be open to feedback in order to understand the receiver's reaction to the message.

Transmission Applications

Information Transmission Applications

Analysis of Modern Distance Education from the Perspective of Information Transmission

I. The essential function of education is the development of human skills through the transmission of knowledge and information. The word "information" comes from Latin. The original meaning is to state, explain. In Chinese, "information" refers to the news that can be passed on and transmitted. The meaning of the word "information" in pedagogy refers to the knowledge contained in literature, images, colors, data and materials, which can be expressed in another way: information in pedagogy refers to the knowledge and skills that can be perceived by people through their sense organs and brains, as well as other related messages. Therefore, in this sense, the way of education is also the way of transmitting the information containing knowledge and skills by transforming it into symbols.

The transfer of information by certain procedures and methods is called the mode of information transfer. The mode of information transfer in education, on the other hand, mainly refers to the mathematical mode. According to the classification criteria, the teaching mode can be divided into different types, such as according to the different open procedures of mathematics, can be divided into open and closed type. According to the emergence of time and the use of different teaching tools are divided into traditional and modern type; teaching information transfer through the different distances, divided into face-to-face type and distance teaching type and so on. But no matter how the teaching mode changes, is a basic information transfer mode of evolution.

This model shows that the transmission of knowledge and information in the teaching process, through the "code" and "channel" two links, the students in the acceptance of information to go through the "decoding The students have to go through the "decoding" process when they receive the information. The following analysis of these links:

1, coding. The main body of teaching in sending knowledge information, with a certain text, images, sound, color, etc. coded into an information carrier. It is called coding. The encoded information is called a signal.

2, choose the channel. The channel in teaching refers to the mode of knowledge transfer. Each channel has its strengths and weaknesses. According to the teaching capacity and the characteristics of the teaching object to choose one or more channels, the signal can be more accurate, fast transmission to each other, called channel selection.

3, decoding. Signal transmitted by the channel in the process of interference by other external factors, these interfering factors known as "noise". Teaching process students receive the signal, remove these "noise", and the signal is also the knowledge of information, known as "decoding".

Second, although the specific mode of information transfer is the evolution of the basic mode, but each mode still has its own characteristics, the teaching information of the Weibei mode is also the case, the following analysis of the traditional mode of teaching and modern distance learning mode to analyze and compare.

1, in the traditional teaching mode, the source of information that is the issuer of information is the teacher, the teacher through the oral or blackboard writing and action demonstration and other forms of face-to-face knowledge and information will be taught to students. In this model, coding is the process of transforming the teacher's knowledge and information into verbal language, blackboard writing, and action demonstration, and the information is transmitted face-to-face between the teacher and the students, and the students receive the transmitted knowledge through the methods of listening, seeing, asking, and remembering. Of course this model in which students also read written materials,.

2, modern remote distance teaching mode, the source is the main teacher or textbook editor-in-chief, they make the knowledge and information into textbooks or made into audio, video, CD-ROM, software and so on. Through modern multimedia means to students, students in reading textbooks, listening to watch the sound and image materials, access to information sent from the source. In this model, coding is the process by which the subject of the teaching program produces knowledge and information in the form of textbooks or in the form of sound, image and modern carriers. Textbooks, radio, television, computers and other new technological media are alternative channels.

Comparing these two kinds of teaching concepts, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1, modern distance learning model, both in the form of coding and the available channels, are much richer than the traditional teaching model.

2. In the traditional teaching mode, the teacher is the main body of knowledge and information transfer, in modern distance teaching, the teacher can be divided into two categories, one category is the main lecturer or the chief editor who is the source of information. The other category is in the whole teaching process plays a supplementary role in counseling teachers, in the acceptance of the information issued by the source, they are the same as the students are the object of information transfer; in helping students to learn, they are the main body of counseling.

3, the traditional teaching, teachers and students directly across, the learning effect of the information feedback timely and convenient; modern distance learning, the source and the host span between the source, the source issued a large amount of knowledge information, wide coverage, but due to the intensity of the noise interference, the learning effect of the information feedback is not as rapid as the traditional model.

Three, a complete information transfer system, from the source to the host need to go through five links. In the middle of this no matter which part of the obstruction, will affect the entire transmission system, not to achieve the desired effect of transmission. This kind of blockage is the transmission barrier. In any transmission system may exist in the transmission of obstacles, which is by the transmission process itself has the special characteristics of the decision.

In modern distance teaching, from the source of the main lecture or the main editor to send knowledge information to the host of the letter between the acceptance of the knowledge of the students, in the coding, channel, decoding three intermediate links in any keep a gap will cause direct teaching obstacles. Therefore, the modern distance learning in the information transfer obstacles can be analyzed as follows:

1, poor coding technology. In modern distance teaching, in addition to textbooks, a large amount of knowledge and information to be produced or audio, video, CD-ROM, software and other new technology carriers, and then through modern multimedia means of transmission to the students, the great development of the students' perception, attention, memory, comprehension, thinking, imagination, imitation, manipulation and other psychological qualities, so that the long process of understanding is greatly shortened. However, if the encoding lacks a certain degree of scientificity and the new technological carriers compiled do not conform to the perceptual characteristics, it will result in the encoded information not being easily deciphered and restored. It creates certain difficulties for students to accept this knowledge.

2, improper channel selection. Modern distance teaching, modern new technology media greatly enriched the means of teaching, but if there is no reasonable choice according to the content of the information, the characteristics of the information receiving object, as well as the characteristics of the various media, it will lead to the noise is strong and the information is weak, or the transmission of the information distortion.

3, decoding obstacles, distance learning in the "decoding" refers to the students in the sense of receiving the signal, to exclude all kinds of "noise" interference, the signal will be re-converted into information in the form of knowledge, so as to achieve comprehension, retention, application, migration of the Process. In the transmission of information, if the interference factor is too strong or the students' decoding ability is too low, it will produce decoding obstacles, and the teaching task can not be finalized.

In modern distance teaching, there are reasons why obstacles may occur, so the transmission of knowledge and information may be blocked. In order to ensure the successful completion of teaching authors should pay attention to the following aspects of teaching:

1, information encoding should be in line with the law of perception. Students' learning is a process of perception, understanding, consolidation and application. In this process, perception is the starting point for learning, so in distance teaching, coding must be in line with the laws of perception, such as the shape and size of the knowledge symbols, structural features, color color, sound degree to meet the sensibility. Strengthen the contrast, pay attention to the speed of change and so on, in order to stimulate students' perceptual interest, access to perceptual materials.

2, according to the actual situation of the students and teaching content to choose the channel. The advantages and disadvantages of the channel, does not depend on the selected media technology value of the high and low, also does not depend on the degree of modernization of technology, but depends on whether it is suitable for the actual situation. Therefore, the choice of channel, should be from the distance teaching characteristics, from the students in the learning conditions, according to the status of the media, the nature of the psychological effect and the advantages and disadvantages to carry out.

3. Strengthen the support services for students' learning, increase the counseling of tutors to improve students' decoding ability. And actively establish information feedback system in order to get timely and accurate information about students' learning effect and promote the continuous improvement of teaching methods.

Transmission Characteristics

Information Transmission Development Trend Chart

Information System (Information System) is a data-intensive, human-computer interaction computer application system with the main purpose of providing information services. It has four technical characteristics:

(1) The amount of data involved is large. Data generally need to be stored in auxiliary memory, memory only a small part of the current data to be processed;

(2) the vast majority of the data is persistent, that is, not with the end of the program run and disappear, but need to be retained for a long period of time in the computer system;

(3) these persistent data for more than one application program **** enjoyment, or even in a unit or a wider range of **** enjoyment;

(4) In addition to the basic functions of data acquisition, transmission, storage and management, it can also provide users with information services such as information retrieval, statistical reports, transaction processing, planning, design, command, control, decision-making, alarms, alerts, and counseling.

Information system is a wide range of computer applications, management information systems, geographic information systems, command information systems, decision support systems, office information systems, scientific information systems, intelligence retrieval systems, medical information systems, banking information systems, civil aviation booking system ...... all belong to this category.

In terms of use, the information system its basic structure and **** the same. It can generally be divided into four levels:

(1) hardware, operating system and network layer, is the development of information systems to support the environment;

(2) data management layer, is the basis of the information system, including data collection, transmission, access and management, generally to the database management system (DBMS) as the core of the software;

(3) the application layer, is with the application Directly related to the layer, it includes a variety of applications, such as analysis, statistics, reporting, planning, decision-making, etc.;

(4) user interface layer, which is the information system provides to the user interface. The information system is a human-computer interaction system that provides comprehensive information services to units or departments. Its users include all levels of personnel, and its impact throughout the unit or department. Since most users of information systems are non-computer specialists, the user-friendliness of the user interface is very important. User interface in the information system accounts for an increasingly high proportion. The development and operation of information systems is not only a technical problem, many non-technical factors, such as the importance of leadership, user cooperation and participation, etc., often have a decisive impact on its success or failure. Due to changes in the application environment and demand, the information [wiki] system often have to do adaptive maintenance. In the development and maintenance process, as far as possible, the use of a variety of software [/wiki]development tools is very necessary.

An information system is one that processes and handles a variety of input data to produce data and information targeted at solving certain aspects of a problem. Its main content is a system of organized applications designed to generate decision-making information in accordance with certain requirements.

Information systems are generally divided into management information systems (ManagementInformatinonSystem referred to as Mis) and decision support systems (DecisionSupportSystem referred to as Dss).

ManagementInformatinonSystemto make information resources into a drive for social progress, to obtain good social and economic benefits, must be developed to develop a set of software systems to support the collection of information, processing, transmission, access, provision, application and other aspects of the transaction processing, improve efficiency and business management level. Decision support system in the collection, storage, to provide a large amount of information on the basis of information, the establishment of a comprehensive analysis, forecasting the development of the model to judge the changes in the state of affairs, based on a large amount of raw data information, automatically make a decision-making program in line with the reality.

Statistical information system includes statistical report information query subsystem, statistical special survey and census subsystem, statistical information dissemination subsystem, statistical analysis and forecasting subsystem, domestic city information subsystem, international information subsystem and office automation subsystem.

Transmission of information in people's social life has a very important role. For example: scientific research, both timely access to the results of other people's research, but also timely publication of their own research results, tell others, only through this mutual exchange of information, in order to continue to develop; war, must be timely access to information about the enemy's troop deployment, but also a variety of combat orders and into the conveyance of the officers and soldiers; business, you must understand the market in a timely manner in order to determine what to enter the market, where to buy, where to sell, what to buy, where to sell, what to buy, where to sell, where to buy, where to sell, where to sell. Into the goods, to where to sell, sell what; daily life, must be timely access to information about the weather, commodities, cultural and sports activities, friends and relatives work and life situation, and often their own work, life situation to friends and relatives. In short, only a continuous exchange of information between people, in order to make production, life and other activities normally, people can not be separated from the information for a moment.

Because information has a value, what is useful to people, will be passed between people each other. Professional terminology calls the value of information as the amount of information, the unit is bit , you download something when you see 20bps, that is, you receive 20bit of information per second