What is the traditional culture of Confucianism?

Confucianism, also known as Confucianism or Confucianism, is a system of thought based on the concepts of "benevolence as the core" and "the value of human beings," and Confucianism, abbreviated as Confucianism, is the most important traditional culture in China.

The nine core ideas: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety and fraternal duty have had a profound impact on China.

The latest research results put forward in the book "Children Ask About Yi" published by the People's Publishing House believe that: the core of Confucianism, as far as individuals are concerned, is the idea of "five elements" of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and saintly virtues;

as far as the society is concerned, it is the idea of virtues, i.e., fraternity, generosity, fairness (which covers the "middle"), justice (which covers the "middle"), and righteousness (which covers the "middle"). (covering the "middle"), fairness (covering the "right"), honesty, trustworthiness, innovation, civilization, harmony, democracy, and the rule of law, etc. It is the cornerstone of the core values of our society.

1. Ren: benevolence. The theoretical core of Confucius' thought system. It is the highest ideals and standards of social politics, ethics and morality of Confucius, but also reflects his philosophical views, and has a profound impact on future generations. "'Benevolence in dealing with others, orderly and harmonious' is the original origin of Confucius' thought, the core of the core of Confucianism."

Benevolence is reflected in politics by emphasizing the "rule of virtue", and the basic spiritual essence of the rule of virtue is to love all people and to help all people. Confucius introduced benevolence into rituals and changed the traditional "rule of propriety" into "rule of virtue", and he did not negate the "rule of propriety", and his "rule of virtue" is undoubtedly the inheritance and transformation of the "rule of propriety". Loving people is the essence and basic content of benevolence, and this kind of loving people is to extend oneself to others, from relatives to the general public.

2. Righteousness: Originally, the term refers to "propriety", i.e., behavior that is appropriate to "propriety". Confucius used "righteousness" as a moral principle for judging people's thoughts and behaviors. "Righteousness (yi) is what is appropriate for people.

Duan Yucai, commenting on "Shuowen - Words", said: 'Yi, righteousness, ancient and modern words, the Zhou Dynasty as Yi, the Han Dynasty as righteousness, all the present-day words of benevolence and righteousness.' Righteousness has a gentleman righteousness and small man righteousness, gentleman righteousness big I, small man righteousness ego. The big self, for the public, for the community; the small self, a group of partial party, today called 'buddy righteousness' is also." (Chen Zhi age, "Zaijingtang collection - people say")

3, ritual: Confucius and Confucianism's political and ethical categories. In the long-term historical development, "rites" as the moral norms and code of life in Chinese feudal society played an important role in the cultivation of the spiritual qualities of the Chinese nation, but with the changes and development of the society, especially in the late feudal period, it became more and more a rope binding people's thoughts and behaviors, which affected the progress and development of the society.

4. Zhi: the same as "know", the basic category of Confucius' epistemology and ethics. It refers to knowing, understanding, insight, knowledge, cleverness, wisdom, and so on. The connotation mainly involves the nature of knowledge, the source of knowledge, the content of knowledge, and the effect of knowledge. Regarding the nature of knowing, Confucius believes that knowing is a moral category, a kind of knowledge of human behavioral norms.

5. Faith: It refers to the honesty in dealing with others and the consistency of words and deeds. Confucianism's "five constants" one. Confucius will "letter" as an important embodiment of "benevolence", is the necessary virtues of the wise, all in speech and behavior to do true without delusion, will be able to obtain the trust of others, the powers that be credibility, the people will also be treated with true love and not deceive the top.

Additionally, there is forgiveness: what you don't want done to you, don't do to others, which contains the meaning of forgiveness and tolerance.

6. Zhong (忠): to establish oneself is to establish others, and to reach others is to reach oneself. Confucius believes that loyalty is expressed in faithfulness and honesty in dealing with others.

7. Filial piety: Confucius believed that filial piety and fraternal duty were the foundation of benevolence, and that filial piety was not limited to the support of parents, but should be emphasized on the respect for parents and elders, and believed that if one lacked filial piety and respect, the support of parents would be regarded as the same as keeping a dog, which would be a great treason and unfiliality. Confucius also believes that parents may have faults, children should be polite advice, and strive to correct their parents, not absolute obedience to parents. These ideas are the very embodiment of ancient Chinese moral civilization.

However, when Confucius talked about filial piety, he also said, "If your parents are there, don't go far away," and "If you don't change your father's ways in three years, you can be called filial," which demonstrated the limitations of his time. Filial piety is defined as a cumbersome ritual by the Confucian scholars of later times, and the Book of Rites stipulates that after the death of parents, "water and milk will not be imported, and the fire will not be lifted for three days", and that "countless weeping" and "physical illness" will turn into self-mutilation of the spirit and the body.

The Song and Ming dynasties made filial piety one of the most important categories of moral theory, and the rationalist Zhu Xi advocated the absolutization of patriarchal authority. The concept of filial piety, in the evolution of different historical periods, excluding the dregs of feudalism, but also some reasonable factors, advocating the children of their parents "respect", "respect", "old age", filial piety and loyalty to the national righteousness of the combination, advocating the death of a thin funeral and savings, and so on.

8, brotherly love: refers to the feelings of respect and love for older brothers. Confucius attached great importance to the virtue of brotherly love, and his disciple Yuruo, based on his ideas, put brotherly love and filial piety together, and regarded it as "the foundation of benevolence".

Expanded Information:

Brief Introduction to Confucianism:

Confucianism is a Chinese philosophy that has been recognized by the Chinese people since the ancient times. Confucianism is the most influential school of thought in ancient China after Dong Zhongshu's "Dictatorship of Confucianism". As an expression of the inherent value system of China, Confucianism is not an academic discipline or school of thought in the usual sense. Generally speaking, especially during the pre-Qin period, Confucianism was one of the most influential schools of thought. Together with Mohism, it was known as the "School of the Epiphany". In the Qin Shi Huang, "burning books and burying Confucianism" was hit hard, in the Han Wu Di, in order to maintain authoritarian rule, "depose the hundred schools, sole respect for Confucianism," the implementation of the ideological pincer after the rise.

Connotation of Confucianism is rich and complex, based on a wide range of ancient texts and gradually developed the basic theories and ideas, i.e., speak of unity, speak of the ruler, ministers, fathers and sons.

Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, for the first time broke the monopoly of the ruling class on education in the olden days by changing "learning in the government" to "private lecturing", thus spreading traditional culture and education to the whole nation. In this way, Confucianism had a solid national psychological foundation and was accepted by the whole society and gradually Confucianized the whole society. The Confucian school of thought has always adhered to the principle that "the way is not limited to three generations, and the law is not limited to two kings" (Xunzi - The System of Kings).

The essence of Confucianism includes pre-Qin Confucianism, Confucius' benevolence and propriety, the rites and music system from the time of the former Confucius to Confucius' idea of benevolence and propriety, Confucius' benevolence, Confucius' propriety, Confucius' filial piety, filial piety in the Analects of Confucius, filial piety in the Classic of Filial Piety, Confucius' conception of life, and the background of the formation of Confucius' conception of life.

The characteristics and connotation of Confucius' concept of life, the guiding significance of the "Cultivation of the Body and the Theory of Life", Confucius' theory of the problems of life, music - Confucius' attitude and realm of life, Confucius and his disciples on ambition, speech and silence in the establishment of the body and action, Mencius' theory of the goodness of nature and Mencius' mission. Theory of Sexual Goodness and Mencius' Mission, Mencius' Doctrine of Benevolence and Government, and Xunzi's Theory of Sexual Evil and Ritual Rule, and the Flux of Confucian Thought.

Through Heaven and Man--Dong Zhongshu's Confucianism, "Nature is Reason"--Zhou, Zhang, Cheng, and Zhu's rationality, "Mind is Reason" --Xiangshan, Cheng, and Zhu's rationality, and "Mind is Reason" --Xiangshan, Cheng, and Zhu's rationality. " - the teleological thought of Xiangshan and Yangming, Neo-Confucianism - the cultural response to the eastward trend of Western learning, the rise of the Confucian cultural circle - Confucianism for modern economic development possibilities, etc. The concepts of "Confucianism", "Confucianism" and "Confucianism" should be distinguished. Confucianism as a doctrine, Confucianism as a class, and Confucianism as a belief are the same and different, and need to be distinguished.

2. Confucian Leadership

For the valuable traditional culture of the Chinese nation, everything existing in China is based on tradition. Only the national is the world. Many contemporary foreign thinkers are reflecting on the mode of operation and the direction of society and sensing the potential crisis therein. The result of these reflections is that many thinkers are turning their attention to China, and the center of their attention is the idea of the middle way.

The spirit of the middle way is bound to grow in value and importance over time, as has already been demonstrated. The Middle Way is the most continuous culture in the world, and the most valuable core spirit and concept among China's many cultural schools.

The traditional Chinese philosophy of leadership represented by Confucianism has obtained the most incisive elaboration and analysis of the theory of leadership from the interpretation of the most original laws of the world and life, and has made the most essential and precise definition of the connotation of leadership. "Without examining its source and flow, one cannot understand the changes of the past and the present; without knowing its gains and losses, one cannot gain access to the path from which one enters."

Contemporary development of Confucianism is mainly used in the management of enterprises, the application of Confucianism extends the wisdom of leadership is a must for contemporary business leaders, the application of business management has become the core concept of contemporary managers.

3, cultural influence

(1) Confucianism has had a deep influence on Chinese culture for thousands of years of feudal society, taught nothing more than the Four Books and the Five Classics. The traditional ideas of responsibility, moderation, and loyalty and filial piety are the result of its combination with feudal rule, and thus Confucianism is the dominant ideology along with our contemporary times.

(2) Confucianism has existed in China for thousands of years, and still has great potential influence on all aspects of Chinese politics and economy.

(3) Modern business management is also infused with many Confucian ideas.

References:

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Core of Confucianism