What evolved human beings?

Man is the evolution process of man who evolved from the ancient ape: the earliest Australopithecus afarensis appeared less than 4 million to 3 million years ago, with a very small brain capacity, and the male is obviously much larger than the female. 1974 The skeleton of a young female Australopithecus Lucy was unearthed in Ethiopia. Because the skeleton is relatively complete, people can establish the walking form of Australopithecus: upright feet and stumbling. Scientists found from the analysis of scapula and arm bones that Australopithecus still maintained the climbing characteristics of its primate ancestors. Then I found australopithecus africanus. It is estimated that the height of australopithecus africanus is 145 cm, and the average weight of males is 65 kg and that of females is 35 kg. The brain capacity is one third of that of modern people. The Australopithecus robustus has developed molars, and they began to feed on hard fibrous plants. They have obvious social relations and can make and use simple tools. The earliest stone tools appeared 2.5 million years ago, and the tools were also obviously differentiated, such as knives, scrapers and multilateral devices. In addition, the bones and horns of animals were found in the ancient ape sites. A large number of stout Australopithecus successfully evolved in the east of the barrier and finally lost to natural disasters: a volcano that suddenly erupted 3 million years ago buried Australopithecus in the fire in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, which was a catastrophe in the history of human evolution. As an East African Australopithecus bois is considered as a geographical variation of Australopithecus robustus. Australopithecus gracilis, the closest human being, lives in tropical and subtropical regions and feeds on the tubers and wild fruits of plants. They may also pick up dead animals to eat. In order to ensure adequate food sources, hunting began. Antelopes, wild deer and donkeys on the grassland have become hunting targets. At the same time, in order to prevent the invasion of large carnivores, they will have the obligation to watch and help each other. They have undergone a series of natural adaptations. From 3.5 million years ago to 6.5438+0.5 million years ago, this Australopithecus walked on two feet and evolved steadily, making them a successful prototype of human beings. An able person refers to a human being who can make tools. It is the most primitive member of human genus, and its brain capacity is male: 700 ~ 800ml；; Female, 500~600 ml, may have language ability. From the large number of stone tools found in its ruins, it can be considered that human ancestors have learned to beat stones to make stone tools, and beat animal bones or slaughter animal meat with stone tools. From the excavation site, we know that homo habilis once lived in the same place with several different species of Australopithecus, even the genus Homo. Because of their own living habits, no fighting archaeology was found, and even homo habilis and his descendants Homo erectus were recorded. After hundreds of thousands of years of evolution, Homo erectus finally replaced all Homo erectus and became the mainstream of human beings. When Homo erectus appeared, there was a long period of human history. They inherited the skills of the pioneers and improved them. At that time, humans already knew how to use fire, and they could also run like modern people. They made stone tools according to their own ideas. Judging from the structure of their brains and bones, it can be confirmed that they have the ability to speak. Nearly 6,543,800 stone products and fire marks, as well as 100 kinds of animal fossils, were found in the most abundant Homo erectus site in Beijing. From burning bones, we know that they have the habit of cooked food. As a result of hunting, humans tend to eat meat. The influence of meat on human body can be divided into: the brain can absorb more nutrients, thus promoting the growth of men. , more effectively control the activities of limbs, human beings more effectively overcome natural disasters. By this time, human beings have basically achieved absolute superiority in the animal kingdom, but it is their descendants Homo sapiens who dominate the earth. Homo sapiens is also called the ancients. The most primitive Homo sapiens was Neanderthals (Neanderthals or Homo sapiens Neanderthals), which was first discovered in a cave in the Neanderthal Valley of Germany in 1856. From the skull, we can see that they still have many primitive features: developed brow ridges, sloping foreheads, prominent pillows, wide noses and prominent jaws. As far as brain capacity is concerned, it has exceeded 1 300 ml, even greater than that of modern people, and other bones are very similar to modern people. Nigerians found in caves are mostly accompanied by a large number of exquisite stone products, thin stone chips, bone needles, animal fossils and traces of fire. They may start to live in caves or semi-caves, warm themselves with fire and drive away wild animals, and cover themselves with clothes made of animal skins. Nigerians invented funerals, and older members passed on their life experiences to future generations, and human civilization began to sprout. Because of their long years from prosperity to decline, they always used their own tools without considering improving their technology. They were completely replaced by late Homo sapiens about 30 thousand years ago.