What is agricultural mechanization and what is the development trend of agricultural equipment?

First, the development status of agricultural mechanization

After the founding of New China, after more than 60 years of development, China's agricultural mechanization has grown from scratch, from small to large. Nowadays, great achievements have been made in agricultural mechanization, and the degree of agricultural mechanization has increased rapidly. The production and processing of main crops are moving towards full agricultural mechanization, and the mechanization of forestry, animal husbandry and aquaculture has also made great progress.

The first stage: from the early days of the People's Republic of China to before the Cultural Revolution.

China mainly relies on the introduction, absorption and imitation of agricultural machinery and equipment and foreign aid to carry out agricultural mechanization pilot projects on state-owned farms, and relies on large-scale agricultural machinery to carry out large-scale agricultural machinery operations. However, the vast rural productivity is still very weak, mainly primitive manual agriculture, and there are few agricultural machinery.

The second stage: the Cultural Revolution.

With the development of rural collective economy, the state attaches importance to agricultural mechanization, especially after Chairman Mao put forward the important conclusion that "the fundamental way out of agriculture lies in mechanization", agricultural mechanization has been paid attention to by the government and the broad masses of cadres and masses. Tractor stations have been established at the county and township levels, and agricultural machinery such as diesel engines, motors, tractors, threshers, transplanters and shredders have gradually entered the countryside. Rural agricultural mechanization has gradually developed from scratch, from small to large, and some agricultural production processes have gradually replaced manual labor by agricultural machinery operations.

The third stage: after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

With the development of rural economy, rural agricultural mechanization has gradually changed from weak to strong, agricultural machinery has gradually developed in the direction of large-scale and high-end, and the level of agricultural mechanization has been significantly improved. Nowadays, the production process of main crops is developing towards the realization of agricultural mechanization, and the operation of agricultural machinery is gradually extended to prenatal and postnatal and deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, and the coverage area is gradually extended from the agricultural field to forestry, animal husbandry and aquaculture.

Second, the main problems in the development of agricultural mechanization in China

1, the level of agricultural mechanization among regions is unbalanced. China is a vast country. Affected by historical, geographical and natural conditions, the level of economic development in different regions is quite different, and the investment in agricultural mechanization is also quite different. In areas with rapid economic development and good economic conditions, the investment in agricultural mechanization is high and the level of agricultural mechanization is developing rapidly; In areas with backward economic development, the investment in agricultural mechanization is low and the level of agricultural mechanization is low. According to the analysis of 20 14 data of the national statistical department, the cultivated land area in the economically developed areas of eastern China is less than one third, but the proportion of agricultural machinery is more than half; The area of cultivated land in underdeveloped areas in the west accounts for a quarter, but the amount of agricultural machinery is less than 20%. The huge difference in the ownership ratio of agricultural machinery between the east and the west reflects the imbalance in the development of agricultural mechanization between the east and the west.

2. The structure of agricultural machinery is unreasonable and the labor productivity is low. Rural areas in China are mainly contracted by farmers. The limited amount of cultivated land contracted by farmers leads to the miniaturization of large areas of land. Grain planting takes the form of flower arrangement, and a variety of crops are planted in one field. Even if the same crops are planted, they may be owned by several farmers. Large-scale agricultural machinery operation can not be divided into blocks, which increases the cost of agricultural machinery operation and reduces the labor productivity of agricultural machinery operation. The agricultural machinery purchased by farmers themselves is mainly for their own use, and they are basically small-scale agricultural machinery. There is a large amount of small agricultural machinery, and the repeated purchase of small agricultural machinery is serious, and the structural composition of agricultural machinery is unreasonable.

3. Agricultural planting structure is changeable, and agricultural mechanization is difficult to adapt. The agricultural planting structure with one household as the unit is flexible and changeable. Farmers grow any valuable crops. The grain fields of a few years ago may now become orchards. However, it is difficult for agricultural mechanization to adapt to such rapid changes. The original agricultural machinery was quickly eliminated, and the new agricultural machinery was difficult to be accepted by farmers, and it was difficult to promote it, or it was difficult to find agricultural machinery suitable for farmers' needs. In a few years, with the agricultural machinery that farmers need, many farmers may be able to grow grain again. The latter situation has appeared in some fruit-growing areas, and many elderly fruit farmers have begun to cut down fruit trees and plant food crops because they can't grow fruits. This trend will continue.

4. The research and development of agricultural machinery is lagging behind, and the scientific and technological innovation ability of agricultural machinery is insufficient. Agricultural machinery research and development investment is small, and R&D scientific and technological strength is scattered. The R&D of agricultural machinery mainly depends on the agricultural machinery manufacturers themselves. The developed agricultural machinery products have low scientific and technological content, high quality and low price. A considerable number of agricultural machinery products are shoddy, and the research and development of some characteristic agricultural machinery is still blank. There is little communication between agricultural machinery research and development and foreign countries, and there is still a big gap between agricultural machinery products and foreign countries.

5. Insufficient investment in agricultural mechanization. In recent years, governments at all levels have gradually realized the position and role of agricultural mechanization in agricultural production and increased their financial investment in agricultural mechanization. However, compared with the rapid economic development and the improvement of national income level, these financial inputs are still very small. The investment of social capital in agriculture is insufficient, and the degree of industry feeding back agriculture is still very low.

Third, the countermeasures for the development of agricultural mechanization

1. Narrow the economic development gap between regions, realize a well-off society in an all-round way and achieve * * * prosperity. Promoting the economic development of underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions is a basic national policy of our country. The state has continuously increased its financial investment in the eastern and western regions, increased its investment in the economic development of the central and western regions, and promoted the rapid economic development of the central and western regions, and the effects began to appear. In recent years, the economy in the central and western regions has developed rapidly, the GDP growth rate continues to be among the best, and the economic gap between the east and the west has gradually narrowed. The investment in agricultural machinery in the central and western regions has also increased rapidly, and the amount of agricultural machinery in the central and western regions has increased rapidly. As long as we continue to increase policy support for the central and western economies, the central and western economies will catch up and the eastern and western regions will be rich and well-off.

2. Encourage land circulation, implement agricultural scale operation and improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery. It is also an important policy of our country to encourage farmers to transfer land, realize the transfer of rural labor force and implement moderate scale operation of agriculture. Farmers should be encouraged to speed up rural land circulation and implement various forms of agricultural scale management according to the actual situation in various places. Where the rural collective economy is strong, there is enough economic strength to support the development of agriculture. Land can be transferred to village collectives, which implement agricultural scale management in a unified way, and village collectives support the rapid development of agriculture with strong financial resources; It can also be transferred to an economic organization to implement agricultural scale management. Other places should also encourage farmers to speed up land circulation and transfer rural labor to the tertiary industry or cities and towns to engage in non-agricultural industries. Land transfer to other economic organizations, the implementation of agricultural scale management. At present, the trend of labor transfer in some developed areas has obviously accelerated, and young people in rural areas in these places are working and living in cities. The people who farm at home are basically the elderly. Among these farmers, middle-aged people are younger and the number is not much. Many people are too old to do farm work and simply give up their land. Now there has been a phenomenon of abandoned land, and more and more land will be abandoned in the future. Sporadic spontaneous land transfer among farmers is also free land transfer at zero cost. It is necessary to attract the attention of relevant departments, reasonably guide, encourage and standardize the circulation of rural land, and guide the land to be concentrated in farming experts and other economic organizations with agricultural scale management capabilities.

After the implementation of agricultural scale management, it is possible to better scientifically plan cultivated land, rationally arrange agricultural planting plans, purchase large-scale agricultural machinery and equipment with advanced performance, and carry out large-scale agricultural mechanization operations, which will fundamentally change the unreasonable structure of agricultural machinery, improve the labor productivity of agricultural machinery operations, reduce the operating cost of agricultural production, and improve the social and economic benefits of agricultural production. This is the direction of our agricultural production towards modern agricultural production.

3. Agricultural machinery research and development system needs to be re-integrated, and technical exchanges with foreign countries need to be strengthened. By reasonably integrating the agricultural machinery R&D system, giving full play to the enthusiasm of agricultural machinery R&D scientific and technical personnel, increasing the capital investment in agricultural machinery equipment R&D, strengthening exchanges and cooperation with foreign agricultural machinery industries, improving the innovation ability of agricultural machinery equipment, improving the R&D level of agricultural machinery equipment, improving the high-tech content of agricultural machinery equipment, narrowing the gap between agricultural machinery equipment and foreign countries, and producing high-tech content that meets the needs of farmers through "bringing in" and "going out"

4. Establish a stable growth mechanism for agricultural mechanization investment. Change the backward situation of agricultural mechanization, improve the level of agricultural mechanization, continuously increase the capital investment of agricultural mechanization, and improve the service system of agricultural mechanization; Through financial support and financial support, attract capital from all walks of life to invest in agricultural mechanization and form a diversified long-term investment mechanism; Increase the support policies such as the policy of subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery and benefiting the people, so that farmers can afford and use advanced agricultural machinery and equipment with high-tech content.

Small-scale peasant economy will be eliminated by history, and the current agricultural management mode will be replaced by modern agricultural management mode. It is the only way to develop modern agriculture to reasonably guide, encourage and standardize land circulation, develop agricultural scale management, promote the development of agricultural mechanization and improve the level of agricultural mechanization.