High school Chinese "Garden and Residents" courseware [3]

# Courseware # Introduction Courseware is a teacher's expectation and conception of classroom teaching, which occupies a very important position in teaching. Courseware is based on the requirements of the syllabus, through the determination of teaching objectives, the analysis of teaching contents and tasks, the structure and interface design of teaching activities, etc. It can stimulate interest and give impetus to Chinese learning. I have prepared the following courseware for you, I hope it will help you!

The first part of the courseware of "Garden and Residents" in senior high school Chinese

Teaching purpose:

1. Make students have a basic understanding of China garden art and residential architecture;

2. Through the analysis and research on the forms of gardens and houses, summarize the spiritual connotation and improve the appreciation ability;

3. By understanding the influence of China's traditional garden art design thought on modern environmental consciousness, we can improve national pride and carry out patriotic education.

Teaching focus:

1. Understand the ideological connotation and essence of garden and residential architecture art;

2. Master the methods of appreciating gardens and houses, and analyze symbolic meanings through intuitive architectural entities;

3. The influence of China's garden art on modern environmental protection thought.

Teaching methods:

Explain, discuss, ask questions and appreciate

Teaching tools:

Multimedia and courseware

Teaching process:

Introduction: Let students enjoy a group of pictures of local gardens and attract their attention. Changshu is a county-level garden city.

Enter the theme "Gardens and Dwellings". Let the students watch the short film (Suzhou Gardens) and ask questions about the short film: What are the main features of China Gardens? Natural landscape garden

What are the main types of gardens in China? Royal gardens, private gardens, landscape gardens

What are the four famous gardens in China? Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Summer Palace and Summer Resort

Appreciate the pictures of the Southern Garden representing the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and the Northern Garden representing the Summer Palace in Beijing, and explain them during the appreciation. (Or let the students who have been to the park talk about their feelings and introduce their experiences in the park)

(Teacher's explanation) The gardens in China were first recorded in the Historical Records of the Western Zhou Dynasty in1/century BC ("Ling" was a garden form for hunting and playing by ancient emperors and nobles in China. It has a history of three thousand years. With the progress of society, China's gardens have gradually formed a unique national form, which is self-contained. Its main characteristics are advocating nature, skillfully creating nature, and skillfully combining artificial beauty with natural beauty to create a unique natural landscape garden. Because the literati participated in the garden construction, the ancient gardens in China were full of literati flavor and poetry. "Poetic and picturesque" is the essence of China gardens and the realm pursued by gardening art. Gardening often combines ancient poetry with landscaping. The Suzhou Garden in the short film we just enjoyed is a typical example. Let's look at some more pictures about the garden. (Showing the picture of the original fragrant hall) Take the meaning of "fragrant and clear" in Song and Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Theory" and call it the original fragrant hall. Lotus is planted all over the water, hence its name. In summer, the lotus wind blows on the surface of the pool, and the fragrance is sent far away, which is a good place to enjoy the lotus. The owner of the garden used flowers to express his noble sentiments.

The characteristics of China gardens;

1. Take the method of nature, which is higher than nature, integrate natural beauty with architectural beauty, and take poetic tradition as the creative method.

2. In order to meet the needs of the feudal ruling class and literati's entertainment life, it rose and developed, permeating the artistic interest of feudal literati.

It embodies the wisdom and creativity of working people.

4. Divide scenic spots and spaces, and be good at "borrowing scenery"

5. Pursuing the artistic realm of blending scenes and touching scenes.

Senior Chinese "Garden and Residents" Courseware Part II

Teaching objectives:

1, knowledge and ability goals

Understand the elements of expository writing, understand the characteristics, structure, order, interpretation methods and diversity of expository writing language, and cultivate students' artistic appreciation ability.

2, process and method objectives

Perceive the text as a whole, independently and cooperatively, explore the characteristics of this article, explore beauty, and initially learn to write expository articles.

3. Emotion, attitude and values.

Appreciate the architectural beauty of China gardens, and inspire the love of art.

Teaching focus

1. Grasp the overall characteristics of the picturesque beauty of Suzhou gardens and the structure and order of this article.

2. Learn a variety of explanation methods and taste accurate, concise and vivid explanation language.

Teaching difficulties

On the Cultivation of Aesthetic Ability

Teaching methods: 1, situational teaching method 2, autonomy, cooperation, inquiry method 3, question and answer teaching method.

Teaching tool: multimedia

Teaching time: one class hour.

Teaching process:

Learn the relevant knowledge of explanatory text (slide)

First, the introduction of new courses.

As the saying goes, "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below". Suzhou is known as a "paradise" because it has a group of classical landscape teachers who are famous all over the country and even the world.

Second, appreciate Suzhou gardens:

Suzhou garden picture slide show. Students can enjoy them and talk about their feelings.

First of all, let the students understand that "Suzhou Garden" is not the name of a certain garden, but refers to the famous gardens in Suzhou: Humble Administrator's Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Lingering Garden, Master Garden and Yiyuan Garden.

Students talk about feelings: it is a beautiful picture. Let's take a look at how modern writer Ye Shengtao introduced Suzhou gardens.

Three. About the author:

Ye Shengtao (1894 1988), formerly known as Shao Yun, was named Shengtao. Representative works of Suzhou writers, educators and children's literature in Jiangsu Province include The Scarecrow, Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes, Ni Huanzhi, and Rambling Three or Five Gates.

Fourth, guide reading, overall perception

1, guiding students to read expository texts should start from the following aspects:

Slide show: make clear the explanation object, analyze the characteristics of the explanation object, understand the structure and order of the explanation, find out the explanation method, and realize the accuracy of the explanation language.

2. Read the text and think about the problem.

Students choose their favorite way to read the text, circle and outline the slide show problems:

(1) How did the author evaluate Suzhou gardens at first?

Clearing: "Specimen"

(2) What are the general characteristics of Suzhou gardens? Can you find a sentence from the text to sum it up?

Clarity: Make sure that no matter where visitors stand, they always have a perfect picture in front of them.

(3) What is the structure and order of this article?

Make it clear: whole-part-detail, and write the serial number according to the students' answers. Summarize the order: from whole to part, from total to sub, from big to small. 5. Cooperate to explore the beauty of painting.

4. Introduction to the teacher's question: Please find out the sentences that reflect the "picture beauty" of Suzhou gardens from the text and talk about its beauty.

Student activity: (1) Read 39 paragraphs of the text by yourself and draw relevant sentences from the text.

(2) communicate with each other within the group.

(3) Teachers and students complement each other

The multimedia display screen has carefully produced relevant pictures.

Natural Beauty and Layout of Exhibition Hall

Artistic beauty of rockery pond

The second part (39) classifies the beauty of flowers and trees.

Explain the artistic beauty of Suzhou gardens and the layered beauty of flower walls and corridors.

Pay attention to the beauty of composition in every corner.

Exquisite door and window design

The color of the buildings in the park is beautiful.

Teacher: It can be seen that Suzhou gardens pay attention to the beauty of pictures everywhere, whether it is the whole or the part, or even every detail. The author repeatedly uses pictures for comparison, aiming at emphasizing the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens. From this, what enlightenment can we get from reading and writing expositions?

Summary: In the author's works, Suzhou gardens have become a patchwork of pictures of different sizes, in which tourists are placed. "Picturesque" is beautiful to read.

Five, understand the interpretation method

If you want to explain things well, you should also pay attention to methods.

1, students find out the explanation methods in the text, such as:

Examples, comparisons, analogies, quotations, imitations, etc.

Six, taste the language

The expression of beautiful things needs beautiful language. The language of this article is accurate, concise and vivid. Students find accurate, concise and vivid sentences to express the language in the text (students answer, teachers prompt)

Seven. Summary of this lesson

This paper introduces the overall characteristics of Suzhou garden art, with reasonable explanation sequence, proper explanation method, accurate, concise and vivid language, which not only highlights the characteristics of the things to be explained, but also shows a clear and orderly structure. It is really a rare and good article, which shows Mr. Ye Shengtao's extraordinary pen power in controlling complex things. While appreciating the beauty of Suzhou garden art, we should learn the skills explained by the author and strive to apply what we have learned. If students want to get a real feeling like painting, we should still have it.

Eight, homework:

Prose "Our Campus"

Tip: First, grasp the similarities between the teaching building, office building and dormitory of the school, first outline them, and then divide them into about 150 words.

Blackboard Design: Suzhou Gardens

Ye Shengtao

(1) sample (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) local (large)

(2) Perfect pictures (10) are more than that.

(8, 9, 10) Details (small)

Always say, always say, always say.

Generality and concreteness (logical order)

The third part of high school Chinese "Garden and Residents" courseware

Teaching material analysis: The ancient garden art in China and the ancient palace architecture in China also showed distinctive national characteristics and high artistic achievements. It not only has a long history and high achievements, but also is unique and self-contained. Together with European and Arabic garden art, it is called the three major garden systems in the world. China's gardens not only meet people's life requirements as a material wealth, but also meet people's spiritual needs as an artistic complex. Garden architecture embodies the ideological tradition of "harmony between man and nature"; The residential buildings in China show strong national characteristics and strong local colors, rich and colorful artistic characteristics, and embody the "ethical concept of orderly aging", which is mainly practical. The first paragraph of the textbook outlines the position, origin and characteristics of China gardens. The second section introduces the classification, design ideas and artistic techniques of China gardens. The third paragraph is about the methods and points of appreciation; Then it introduces Humble Administrator's Garden, Master's Garden, Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace respectively. In the part of residential buildings, the practicability and classification of residential buildings are emphasized at first, and then the southern, northern and minority residential buildings are summarized respectively. Appreciating the gardens and residential buildings in China is helpful to improve students' accumulation of architectural knowledge in gardens and residential buildings and improve the aesthetics of buildings. Teaching purpose: 1. Make students have a basic understanding of China garden art and residential architecture; 2. Through the analysis and research on the forms of gardens and houses, summarize the spiritual connotation and improve the appreciation ability; 3. Understanding the influence of China's traditional garden art design thought on modern environmental awareness can improve national pride and carry out patriotic education. Teaching emphasis: 1. Understand the ideological connotation and essence of garden and residential architecture art; 2. Master the methods of appreciating gardens and houses, and analyze symbolic meanings through intuitive architectural entities; 3. The influence of China's garden art on modern environmental protection thought. Teaching methods: explain, discuss, ask questions and appreciate teaching tools: multimedia and courseware teaching process: introduction: let students enjoy a group of pictures of local gardens and attract their attention. Changshu is a county-level garden city. Enter the theme "Gardens and Dwellings". Let the students watch the short film (Suzhou Gardens) and ask questions about the short film: What are the main features of China Gardens?

What are the main types of natural landscape gardens in China? Royal Gardens, Private Gardens and Landscape Gardens What are the four famous gardens in China?

Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Summer Palace and Summer Resort appreciate the pictures of the Southern Garden representing Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden and the Northern Garden representing Beijing Summer Palace, and explain them in the process of appreciation. (Or let the students who have been to the garden talk about their feelings and introduce the experience of visiting the garden.) (Teacher explains) China Garden first appeared in Historical Records and was recorded in the Western Zhou Dynasty in 1 1 century BC, which was the garden form of ancient emperors and nobles in China. It has a history of three thousand years. With the progress of society, China's gardens have gradually formed a unique national form, which is self-contained. Its main characteristics are advocating nature, skillfully creating nature, and skillfully combining artificial beauty with natural beauty to create a unique natural landscape garden. Because the literati participated in the garden construction, the ancient gardens in China were full of literati flavor and poetry. "Poetic and picturesque" is the essence of China gardens, and it is also the realm pursued by gardening art.

In order to achieve this goal. Gardening often combines ancient poetry with landscaping. The Suzhou Garden in the short film we just enjoyed is a typical example. Let's look at some more pictures about the garden. (Showing the picture of the original fragrant hall) Take the meaning of "fragrant and clear" in Song and Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Theory" and call it the original fragrant hall. Lotus is planted all over the water, hence its name. In summer, the lotus wind blows on the pool surface, and the fragrance is sent far away. It is a good place to enjoy the lotus, and the garden owner expresses his noble sentiments through flowers. Xiangzhou is a two-story "boat" structure. It uses the sentence "Take Zhou Fang and Du Ruo with you, and you will leave your daughter behind" in The Songs of the South, which is an allusion to Zhou Fang written by Qu Yuan. In ancient times, vanilla was often used as a metaphor for lofty people. Here, the lotus landscape is used to represent vanilla, with a platform at the bow, a pavilion in the front cabin and a pavilion in the middle cabin. The Little Flying Rainbow is a covered bridge in Suzhou Gardens, which was named after Bao Zhao's poem "Flying Rainbow Overlooking the Qinhe River, Misty Lightning String" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. The bridge fence of scarlet is reflected in the water, and the water waves are sparkling like flying rainbow. The ancients used a rainbow to describe this bridge. Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden "Who sits on the porch with you": named after Su Shi's sentence "Who sits with you, the moon is bright and cool". The original intention of Su Shi's ci is to flaunt lofty and unconventional ideas, but it is only used to write scenery and enrich artistic conception here. The water in the rough waves is turbid, but it is enough for me. "

To show his great ambition. The realm of China garden art is to pay attention to nature, leaving no trace of artificial axe. Its characteristic is that everything should be arranged according to the laws of natural beauty (respecting the laws of nature, and the orientation of the pillars in the house should conform to the state of trees in nature), which is influenced by Taoist thought, such as "people should respect the laws of nature, the land should be governed by nature, the sky should be governed by nature, and the Tao should be governed by nature", requiring people to respect the laws of nature and not to interfere arbitrarily. Gardens mainly imitate nature, that is, to create natural scenery with artificial power. The ancient gardens in China are a sightseeing environment integrating natural and artificial landscapes, flowers, trees and buildings. According to the relationship between nature and man-made, it can be divided into landscape gardens and urban gardens. Landscape architecture is decorated with a few artificial buildings in a broader natural environment, such as the Summer Palace, while urban gardens are decorated with natural landscapes such as mountains, ponds, flowers and trees in an artificial environment, such as Suzhou gardens. In detail, there are three main types: one is a grand and magnificent royal garden, such as the Yuanmingyuan in Qing Dynasty and the existing Summer Palace in Beijing; The other is a small-scale private garden, the garden style varies with the owner's taste, such as Humble Administrator's Garden and Master's Garden in Suzhou. There are also suburban scenic spots and mountain scenic spots, such as West Lake in Hangzhou and Dianchi Lake in Xishan, Kunming. This kind of garden is also large in scale, and it is mostly a combination of natural and artificial scenery. Among these three kinds of gardens, the first two kinds of artistic achievements reflect the characteristics and essence of ancient garden art in China. However, everything is always imitating nature, and buildings are hidden in the natural landscape environment. )

Group discussion: What are the characteristics of landscape architecture in China? What's the difference between north and south garden buildings? (Hint: What is an element? What is the purpose of construction? What is the scale? ) The characteristics of China gardens:

1. Take the method of nature, which is higher than nature, integrate natural beauty with architectural beauty, and take poetic tradition as the creative method.

2. In order to meet the needs of the feudal ruling class and literati's entertainment life, it rose and developed, permeating the artistic interest of feudal literati.

It embodies the wisdom and creativity of working people.

4. Divide scenic spots and spaces, and be good at "borrowing scenery"

5. Pursuing the artistic realm of blending scenes and touching scenes.

Element: Gardens are indispensable to architecture, and architecture plays different roles in eastern and western gardens. In the layout of western classical gardens, architecture plays a dominant role, and gardens are an extension, subordinate to architecture, which makes gardens "architectural". The building is isolated and does not need to be connected with the garden. In the layout of China gardens, gardens command buildings, skillfully make rocks flow, flowers and trees penetrate into buildings, forcing buildings to be landscaped, requiring buildings to open naturally with the height and the mountains, and the buildings themselves are integrated with nature. In ancient China, the garden was always regarded as a poem or a painting, not a simple civil engineering. It skillfully integrates the art of poetry and painting with gardens, such as plaques and sculptures on buildings. Poetry, painting and garden works not only appreciate the formal beauty of nature, but also pay more attention to its inner beauty, and "personify" nature, believing that the longevity of pine and cypress, the incorruptibility of lotus flowers, the modesty of bamboo and the firmness of rocks are all related to human emotions. Bamboo shadow, wind and rain, sunshine and moonlight, tea and flowers can arouse people's emotions and rich associations. There are three elements in China gardens: landscape and topography. Mountains are the symbol of eternal stability, and the main mountains are mostly earth mountains. The stone used in key parts is called "mountain bone", and the small garden is small, so you can pile stones; Water is a symbol of wisdom and honesty. It flows out of the mountain spring, crosses the winding stream, and finally merges into a big pool, which becomes the main body of the garden. The flowers and trees on the water are full of vitality, symbolizing prosperity. Flowers and trees are natural and pay attention to artistic conception. The choice of flowers and trees should conform to the natural climatic conditions such as topography and orientation and the growth habits of plants. At the same time, special attention should be paid to preserving the original ancient trees and vegetation to make them the backbone of the whole garden. Garden Road Architecture: "winding and secluded" buildings are scattered among natural elements and intertwined with natural scenery. The main buildings in the park are often opposite to the main mountain pond, and the most concentrated natural scenery is often the buildings with a little scenery and appreciation. Buildings and garden roads also play the role of separating space and organizing tour routes. Scenery contrast and borrowing scenery in gardens: Scenery contrast: China gardens pay attention to "moving scenery to scenery". As people move around, the scenery is constantly changing. In China gardens, some scenic spots are often placed on the most favorable terrain, and some natural environment is used as a foil. The most suitable place to stay on the tourist route is the scenic spot. In a garden with many scenic spots, all the scenic spots are often opposite to each other. Sometimes, in order to emphasize the most wonderful part of the landscape, the landscape is framed by doorways, windows or gaps in buildings: the beautiful scenery outside the garden is carefully selected, cut into the garden and expand the sense of space. There are many forms of borrowing scenery: borrowing from afar

For example, the "Hongyi Pavilion" and "Hefeng Pavilion" in Humble Administrator's Garden are borrowed from the North Temple Tower outside the garden.

For example, the Summer Palace has a leaking window, and you can enjoy different pictures when you walk through the hole. Borrowing from the back and leaning from above are different perspectives. For example, in Wan Li with a clear sky, fishing and fire along the riverside should be borrowed from time to time, and the scenery borrowed by the setting sun in the morning can also be extended to borrow sound, incense and so on. The so-called "watching" is the viewing point where people can stop in the courtyard, leaving people in kiosks and chairs where they can stop, so that people can watch the surrounding landscape carefully. Because its viewpoint and the position of the scenery remain unchanged, it is like a three-dimensional landscape painting in front of us, and the whole picture is like a static picture. Landscaping is to consciously arrange the main scene, scenery, foreground, middle scene and distant view within the line of sight, so as to make the picture develop as vertically and horizontally as possible. In the classical gardens of China, the space often permeates through various cave doors and windows, and through the connection of door frames or window frames, which makes the space feel deeper and makes the painting realm more vivid, profound, durable and unforgettable. Moving scene (similar to appreciating short films) The so-called moving scene is to combine different scenes into a continuous landscape sequence through a certain walking route. As people move, the scenery changes constantly. Because of the relative displacement between the viewpoint and the scene, just like watching a long scroll, one scene comes into view constantly, becoming a dynamic continuous composition, and obtaining a good dynamic scene effect. The western theory of "flowing space" and the eastern theory of "space separation" have the same effect, creating different landscapes. Especially in the classical gardens in China, a number of private gardens with small area in Suzhou have adopted the expression method of winding paths leading to secluded places, vividly showing the dynamic scenery. Landscaping is like writing and drawing, with regularity but no pattern. The same landscape painter can use different brushstrokes to express, photographers can shoot from different angles, and the same garden can also be designed with different ideas. The hundred gardens in Jiangnan are ever-changing. Therefore, garden landscaping can have a unique idea, and the artistic conception of' although someone makes it, it is natural' can be called a masterpiece. When creating a landscape in each garden, we should not ignore the dynamic and static landscape. Usually, narrow gardens should focus on static observation, supplemented by dynamic observation. Follow the principle of "seeing the big with the small", create a beautiful view of "seeing the infinite with the limited", and pay more attention to the use of blocking scenery, taking pictures and borrowing scenery. In a relatively large garden, we should give priority to the dynamic view, supplemented by the static view, and pay more attention to the division of space. Through various forms such as scenes, the scene is sandwiched in the middle, and the scene is added to create an open, convergent, deep or bright space, thus enriching the scenery.

In modern garden landscaping, it will be a more important subject to study the height, color, texture and dynamic configuration of plants to form a beautiful focus landscape. Guide students to sum up: As a part of China feudal culture, garden art rose and developed to meet the needs of the feudal ruling class and literati's entertainment life, and permeated with the artistic taste of feudal literati. These cultural heritages are the crystallization of the wisdom and creativity of working people. Taking nature as the guide, superior to nature, integrating architectural beauty and natural beauty, and taking poetic tradition as the creative method, China gardens are still worth learning, inheriting and carrying forward. After enjoying the garden buildings in China, let's take a look at the residential buildings in China (showing a group of pictures of residential buildings), compare the residential buildings in various places, and summarize the characteristics of residential buildings in China: (illustrated with pictures)

Rich in plane form and changeable in space combination? Local conditions, local materials? Simple shape, harmonious group and beautiful environment?

Distinctive ethnic characteristics (Kashgar, Xinjiang is dry and rainy, and residents love outdoor life. The courtyard is surrounded by corridors, pits and carpets, and is a place for entertaining guests and family activities. The round earth building in Guzhu Township, Yongding County, Fujian Province is a closed circular building for self-defense. The outer wall is made of earth, more than one meter thick. Buildings are generally annular, with 2-4 floors, each floor has 16 rooms, and many rooms have 32 bays. The inner rooms are connected by cloisters, and the outer lower floors have no windows. Small windows are open on the third and fourth floors. The north is cold, the population is relatively small-there are many quadrangles and three hospitals, and the space is large, while the south is hot and rainy, and the population is dense-the houses are compact, and most of them are ethnic minorities living in large groups of houses for safety reasons, forming various shapes of earth-retaining stones, which is convenient for defending the practicality of residential buildings from the spiritual pursuit.

Thinking after class:

Please give an example to illustrate the influence of China's Taoist thought on China gardens and modern environmental awareness?

Nowadays, high-rise buildings have mushroomed, and there are more and more modern buildings. Can it be integrated with garden buildings and residential buildings?