What are the basic characteristics of Chinese farmers in the new era?

The first category is traditional farmers

The term "traditional" here does not refer to the types of farmers that existed before the founding of New China or before the reform and opening up of China, but rather to the main types of farmers that were formed under the household contract responsibility system in China after the reform and opening up of China. It refers to the main types of farmers formed under the household contract responsibility system in China after the reform and opening up. This type of farmers is the "original state" of other types of farmers, and therefore has a "traditional nature" compared with other derived types of farmers.

The second type is the rural farmers

Relative to the traditional farmers, the most important characteristic of the rural farmers is the labor force. The most important feature of the rural farmers is that the allocation of labor force is not limited to the family, or even to the rural community where the farmer is located, and the allocation of land is not the direct use of land after the farmers contracted the land, but through the transfer of land to other individuals or organizations to transfer the right to operate the land.

Farmers, in the context of the non-agricultural transfer of labor and the transfer of land management rights, expand the scope of factor allocation through the combination of labor and external capital, improve the efficiency of factor allocation, and increase the economic benefits of the family.

The third category is the off-land farmers

Off-land farmers leave the countryside in the field for the docking of labor and capital, but still retain the contractual rights to rural land. In contrast to this, ? The off-land peasants not only combine labor and capital outside the countryside, but also they no longer have the contractual rights to rural land and the management rights derived therefrom.

In other words, the peasants who have left the land have severed the contractual relationship with the agricultural land, and have given up or lost the contractual right to manage the land, thus forming a new type of peasants who are different from the traditional peasants and the peasants who have left the countryside.

The fourth type is the endogenous new type of farmers

China's non-agricultural flow of rural labor force not only promotes changes in the way farmers combine with external factors, but also promotes changes in the way different factors are configured within the countryside.

In particular, in the situation where traditional farmers are differentiated into off-farm and off-land farmers, ? Some peasants have given up the right to use rural land because of their employment outside the countryside, and consequently, there is a possibility of land reallocation between different farmers within the countryside, and endogenous new types of farmers come into being.

The fifth category is exogenous new farmers

Endogenous new farmers are formed from within rural communities,? Under the pattern of increased mobility of urban and rural factors, labor and capital from outside the countryside will also flow into the countryside based on profit-seeking motives, combining with rural land elements and carrying out agriculture-related economic activities, thus forming exogenous new farmers on the basis of traditional farmers.