How to organize transportation scientifically and reasonably

The main forms of reasonable transportation are as follows:

1. Reasonable production, marketing and transportation.

Reasonable transportation of regional production and marketing refers to fixing a production area in a consumption area for a certain kind of goods in organizing logistics activities. According to the distribution of production and marketing and transportation conditions, on the basis of the balance of production and marketing, according to the principle of nearby production and nearby sales, the goods will travel the least mileage and organize the transportation of goods. Its application scope is mainly goods with single variety, simple specifications, centralized production, decentralized consumption or decentralized production, centralized consumption and large transportation volume, such as coal, wood, cement, grain, pigs, mineral aggregate or low-value consumables with uncomplicated production process and insufficient raw materials. The implementation of this method will strengthen the plan of production, supply, transportation and sales, and put an end to over-travel and bypass.

Steps for balanced transportation of production and marketing in different areas:

(1) It is necessary to find out the production and sales situation, supply areas, transportation routes and modes of materials as the basis for formulating a reasonable transportation plan.

(2) Delineate the material transportation area. That is, the production area of a certain material is basically fixed in a certain consumption area. Industrial products are centered on the place of production, and the relationship between production and sales is basically fixed with the consumption area near this place of production; Agricultural and sideline products are centered on consumer cities, and the production and marketing relationship with nearby producing areas is basically fixed, forming a reasonable cargo transportation area.

(3) Draw a reasonable transportation flow chart. It is to formulate a reasonable transportation flow chart according to the established transportation area, the shortest distance and the principle of balanced production and sales, so as to fix the relationship between production, supply, transportation and sales. As the basis for railway, transportation, commerce, materials and production departments to implement material distribution and transportation plans.

(4) Make a reasonable transportation plan. That is, all relevant departments should make a reasonable transportation plan with reference to the above situation, and * * * should follow it.

Of course, when carrying out balanced transportation between production and sales in different regions, we should grasp it flexibly according to market changes. Especially in the current period of China's economic system reform, in order to open up and invigorate the economy, various regions and departments have strengthened horizontal economic ties, and the materials for mutual cooperation and freely purchased goods have been increasing, some of which may be unreasonable transportation. In the case of shortage of some materials and commodities, in order to develop production and prosper the market, it is necessary to exchange needed commodities and adjust the surplus and shortage.

2. Direct transportation.

Direct transportation refers to the direct transportation of goods from the place of origin or departure to the place of sale or users, bypassing the links of commercial and material warehouses or railway and transportation transit, so as to reduce intermediate links. As for the means of production, because some materials are large or bulky, they are generally directly supplied to consumers (production and consumption) by production factories and mines, and direct transportation is implemented, such as coal, steel and building materials. In the commercial field, different modes of transportation are adopted according to different commodities. Some simple products, such as paper and soap, can be directly supplied by the factory to the third-level wholesale stations, large shops or users, and go beyond the second-level wholesale stations; There are also some commodities with complex specifications and colors, which can be supplied by manufacturers to wholesale stations, and then distributed to retail stores or users by wholesale stations. As for the foreign trade department, direct transportation is mostly used, and export commodities are directly transported from the place of origin to the port. In recent years, with the reform of the economic system, since the concept of "multi-channels and few links" was put forward in the circulation field, the scope of direct and free purchase of goods by grass-roots units and shops has become larger and larger, and the proportion of direct transportation has gradually increased, creating conditions for reducing intermediate links in logistics.

3. "Four Up" direct dial transportation.

"Four-to-one" direct dial transportation means that in the process of organizing the transportation of goods, all commercial and material wholesale enterprises do not transport the goods produced locally or arrived from other places into the warehouse of the wholesale station, and directly distribute the goods to the local grassroots wholesale and retail stores or users by direct dial, thus reducing an intermediate link. The specific methods are as follows: (1) factory direct dialing; (2) Direct dial station (wharf); (3) dial directly from the library; (4) The vehicle (ship) is overloaded.

"April 9th" direct dialing and direct transportation are two different reasonable transportation forms, which are different and related. Direct transportation generally refers to goods with long transportation mileage and large quantities, which are transported outside the province (region); "49" direct dial transportation generally refers to the direct dial transportation business handled at the location of wholesale stations in large and medium-sized cities with short transportation mileage and small batch. The two complement each other and are often intertwined. If direct transportation is carried out at the same time, direct dialing of "going to the factory" and "going to the station" can be organized, and double economic benefits can be received.

4. Combined vehicle transportation.

Automobile intermodal transport, also known as "LTL automobile transit intermodal transport". It is mainly suitable for the transportation of groceries in commercial and supply and marketing departments. That is, when a logistics enterprise organizes railway freight transportation, the same consignor sends different kinds of LTL goods to the same station and the same consignee, which are assembled in a car by the logistics enterprise and consigned to the destination by vehicle transportation; Or put the LTL goods arriving at different stations in the same direction in a car, transport them to a suitable station, and then transport them to different stations. This is because, in railway freight transportation, there are two ways of consignment, one is the whole vehicle and the other is the LTL, and the freight rates between them are very different. Adopting the way of vehicle loading can reduce some transportation costs and save social labor.

5. Improve the technical loading capacity.

Improving technical loading capacity is an important content of organizing reasonable transportation and improving transportation efficiency. On the one hand, the deadweight tonnage of vehicles and ships is maximized; On the other hand, make full use of the loading capacity of vehicles and ships. The main methods are as follows:

(1) Arrange light and heavy accessories. That is, the combination of heavy goods and light goods can not only make full use of the loading capacity of cars and ships, but also achieve the loading weight, thus improving the transportation efficiency.

(2) Implement disintegration transportation. For some bulky goods, such as bicycles, sewing machines, scientific instruments, machinery and other articles that are difficult to load and unload, they can be disassembled and packed separately to reduce the occupied space, facilitate loading and unloading and improve the transportation and loading efficiency.

(3) Improve the stacking method. According to the cargo position of vehicles and ships and the packaging shapes of different goods, various effective stacking methods such as multi-layer loading, tank loading and tight loading are adopted to improve transportation efficiency. Of course, improving the packaging of goods and gradually implementing unitization and palletization are important conditions for improving the technical loading capacity of vehicles and ships.