Main distribution of traditional construction technology of wooden arch bridge in China

Wooden arch bridge is a high-tech category of traditional wooden bridges in China and the only category in the history of bridges in the world, mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces in China. Fujian and Zhejiang are located in the hilly region of southeast China, with high mountains, dense forests and dangerous valleys and streams, which provide a unique natural geographical environment and raw materials for the construction of wooden arch bridges and make the bridge-building skills spread and develop for a long time. There are less than 100 wooden arch bridges in China, 15 wooden arch bridges in Taishun County, Zhejiang Province, and 54 wooden arch bridges in Ningde City, Fujian Province. Wooden arch bridge consists of abutment, bridge body (including arch frame and deck) and bridge building. It can be divided into single arch, double arch and multiple arch. The bridge is like a rainbow, so it is also called "Hongqiao".

The bridge site is selected at the end of the village water. From the perspective of village geomantic omen, and considering that there are solid rocks on both sides of the bridge site for building platforms, narrow parts on both sides should be selected as far as possible to reduce the span of the bridge arch. To build a bridge abutment is to build a stone on a rock by a stream, or to make a pier on the flat land on the shore. Leveling adopts the method of bamboo waking and leveling, splitting the bamboo into two pieces, and then injecting water into the bamboo pieces to adjust the height of each bamboo piece to achieve the purpose of leveling. To build a memorial archway, you must first set up three seedlings. After the firm bridge embankment is completed, install three seedling bases, obliquely hang the three seedlings on the water frame column, install a beam perpendicular to the bridge span direction at the upper end of the inclined seedlings, and then horizontally hang the three seedlings into the bull's head to complete the triangular wooden arch of the wooden arch to form the first system. After the three seedlings are finished, ordinary columns are erected on the left and right sides of the seedling cushion stone of the three seedlings, and the ordinary columns form an angle with the inclined seedlings of the three seedlings, and then five seedlings are placed. Place the five-seedling cushion seedlings at the included angle between the main column and the three-seedling oblique seedlings, and install the five-seedling oblique seedlings and the upper small cow head at the upper end of the upper oblique seedlings to complete the second system. Scissors are planted on seedlings, that is, two logs are cross-embedded, which looks like scissors. There are one or two methods. The horse's leg is inserted into the lower bull's head with a short piece of wood on the left and right sides of the cross beam, and then inserted into the general column with a Chinese fir on the left and right sides of the cross beam. Bridge houses are mostly four-column and nine-purlin bucket structures. The roof is built, the shrine is built, and the weatherboard is nailed, and the whole bridge construction is basically over.