Zhang's history and present situation

The origin of Zhang can be traced back to ancient legends. Wave, followed by Zhang Wei.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, the most populous surname is Zhang Pai, with 87.502 million people, accounting for 6.83% of the total population in China.

Ancient times:

China Taoism founder (Zhang Tianshi) Zhang Daoling

Zhang Sanfeng is the most famous martial arts master in the history of China.

Zhang Fei, Zhang Liao and Zhang Ren were the most famous generals in the Three Kingdoms period.

One of the most famous poets in the history of China is Zhang Jiuling.

Zhang Zhongjing, one of the most famous doctors in the history of China.

Zhong Zhang is one of the most famous scholars in the history of China.

Zhang Yi is one of the most famous debaters in the history of China.

Sean, one of the most famous counsellors in the history of China.

Zhang Lihua is one of the most famous beauties in the history of China.

Zhang, one of the most famous prime ministers in the history of China.

Zhang Jiao is one of the most famous conspirators in the history of China.

Zhang Heng, one of the greatest scientists in the history of China.

Zhang Qian, one of the greatest diplomats in the history of China.

Zhang Xu (Cao Sheng) is one of the most famous calligraphers in the history of China.

Liangshan hero-Zhang Shun

Zhang Qing Liangshan Hero Park

Zhang Cuishan, the father of Zoroastrianism leader.

Zhang Wuji, founder of Zoroastrianism

Zhang Zhang Zhidong Chaoyang Zhang Anglenala Zhang Youhe Zhang Zhizhong Zhang Chunqiao Zhang Ailing Zhang Daqian Zhang Shenyue Zhang Aijia Cecilia Cheung Zhang Dehao Zhang Delan Zhang Fengfeng Zhang Yuzhe Zhang Hanyun Zhang Xueyou Zhang Hongliang Zhang Huichun Zhang Huimei Zhang Jiahui Zhang Jingxuan Zhang Keyi Zhang Kezhi Zhang Kefan Zhang Leiji Zhang Mengmeng Zhang Qingfang Zhang Qiongyao Zhang Sangyue Zhang Shanwei Zhang Weiwen Zhang Weijian Zhang Wensen Zhang Xinzhexin-Zhang Cheyuhua Zhang Yuandi Zhang Zhenyu Zhang Zhijia Zhang Zhicheng Zhang Zhiyao Zhang Manyu Zhang Yuying

Zhang Zhang Guoli Zhang ZhangFeng yi Zhang Yu Zhang Jun Sheng Zhang

In fact, there are countless celebrities named Zhang throughout the ages. According to statistics, there are 63 prime ministers and 56 generals.

Exploring the origin of Zhang surname

▲ About the word "Zhang"

Zhang is an pictograph, and he looks like a person who is eager to make a move.

Zhang, a traditional Chinese character with eyes, consists of a bow and a long left and right side. When people surnamed Zhang introduce their surnames to others, they all say "bow", which shows that they attach great importance to the "bow" in surnames. From the perspective of philology, "bow" is also the core of the word "Zhang".

Zhang Zi was not found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but there are many inscriptions on bronzes and stone tools, and their writing styles are also different. Although these words are written in different ways, they have a basic feature, that is, they cannot be separated from bows, arrows and lengths, especially bows. It can be said that without a bow, there is no Zhang. Judging from the evolution of glyphs, Zhang was originally a combination of bows and arrows. Bow and arrow are naturally combined into one. Where there is a bow, there must be a target, which need not be emphasized. So the arrow gradually withdrew and gave way to the longbow, and finally stabilized into a longbow complex. A long bow means that this bow is more powerful than an ordinary bow.

Zhang Zi has many meanings. The New Chinese Dictionary has 2 1 meaning, and the general dictionary has more than ten meanings such as exaggeration, openness, strength, fullness, posting, reading, hope, expansion and arrangement. But most of them come from later generations, and the earliest dictionaries have few meanings. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Zhang, bow string is also. From the bow, long sound. " Guangya Shi San: "Zhang," There is another meaning, which can be seen: "Luo takes birds and animals and says Zhang." He also said, "Zhang, set it up and set it as a machine trap to serve birds and animals."

▲ There are three main sources of Zhang's surname:

First, from the Yellow Emperor, waving is the ancestor.

According to the genealogy table of prime ministers in the book of the New Tang Dynasty, "The son of the Yellow Emperor, Qingyang Wuzi, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." This Zhang clan was directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor, which originated in Qingyang near Jinci in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, and later in this area.

Zhang surname is an ancient surname, which originated from a distant legendary era. It is said that Zhang's ancestor's name was Hua. He is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (the son of the Yellow Emperor) and a great inventor. He invented the bow and arrow and the net. Bows and arrows and nets, as new production tools at that time, enabled people to hunt more birds and animals, catch more fish and shrimp, and reduce the harm of wild animals to themselves. The clan and tribe to which Bo belongs have produced bows and arrows and fishing nets for generations, so his descendants take "Zhang" as their surname.

The Yellow Emperor is Zhang's recognized blood ancestor and the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence, faith, selecting talents and appointing talents, and severely punishing stubborn killers, creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing.

According to The Emperor's Century, the Yellow Emperor was born because his mother had a treasure attached to her. "(The Yellow Emperor) was born in Shouqiu, Jishui, Dede, Bear, and lives in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he thought it was a name because he was pregnant for 24 months." Based on this, later generations deduced two kinds of legends.

One legend is that the Yellow Emperor was born when the Emperor of Heaven came down to earth. At that time, it was the Shennong era. Uncle Shennong had a son named Shaodian, who was the monarch of Xiongguo (in Xinzheng County, Henan Province). At that time, Shaodian clan was intermarrying with Youqiao clan. So Shaodian married Fu Bao, the daughter of (Bug Joe). One day, Shao Dian and Fu Bao went to work in the fields with wooden stakes. As they walked, it suddenly became dark and the sky was full of stars, just like at night. At this moment, Fu Bao looked up and saw a shining lightning revolving around the Big Dipper from time to time like a snake. In an instant, the field was covered with rich green light. Soon, Fu Bao only felt something move suddenly in her stomach, which scared her to make a hullabaloo about. Shaodian hurried back to ask questions, but she said nothing. After that, Fu Bao got pregnant. From the day of pregnancy, 24 months later, that is, one day in the third year, Fu Bao gave birth to a boy in Xuanyuan Mountain, northwest of Xinzheng (in Qufu, Shandong). Because I was born in Xuanyuan, I named my child Xuanyuan. Legend has it that Xuanyuan is born to talk and is very elf. When he was a child, he saw someone building a house on a tree and said, "Building a house on a tree is neither convenient nor safe. Wouldn't it be better to build a house on the ground? " Soon, Shennong heard about this view of the Yellow Emperor, which greatly disappointed him. So the Yellow Emperor built a house on the ground for him to see, and Shennong was convinced.

Another legend is that Fu Bao and Shao Dian moved to Shouqiu in Qufu, Shandong Province shortly after they got married. One early winter night, Attached Bao went to the suburbs for a walk alone. She looked up at the starry sky and was homesick. Suddenly, a silver-white lightning appeared in the sky, turned around the pivot star in the Big Dipper several times, and then quickly disappeared from the sky to the ground. At this time, the surprised attached treasure suddenly felt a strange feeling on her. After a while, she realized that she was pregnant by lightning. Then, 24 months later, one day in the winter of the third year, the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu. The newly-born Yellow Emperor has a raised forehead, shaped like the sun, a face with the shape of a dragon, and hands and feet like claws and toes of a dragon. Stranger still, the Yellow Emperor has four faces. It is said that the Yellow Emperor can look around anytime and anywhere, listen to all directions, observe and understand everything, so as to better cooperate with the camera. The Yellow Emperor was born babbling and could walk soon. He left Shouqiu at the age of ten, studied under his teacher, and traveled around famous mountains and rivers.

Huangdi lived in the primitive clan commune era. At that time, the social structure of China was represented by clans-tribes composed of several clans-tribal alliances composed of several tribes. Clans, tribes and tribal alliances often have wars for their own interests. At first, the Yellow Emperor was only the leader of the tribe named Ji. In the long-term campaign, he gradually established his prestige, and finally completed the rule of other tribes and sat on the throne of the tribal alliance leader.

The wars with Emperor Yan, Chiyou and Xingtian were three milestones of Huangdi's road to leadership. According to documents, Huang and Yan Di are brothers, and Mandarin says, "Once upon a time, the young couple married Jiao Jia and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Merits are different, so the Yellow Emperor is a discipline, a ginger, ... Different surnames, different virtues, different virtues. " "New Book Benefiting the Earth" said: "Yandi and Huangdi's half-brother each have half the world." When the Yellow Emperor became the leader of the Ji tribe and began to flourish, the tribe had embarked on the road of weakness and decline. Clans conquered each other and oppressed the people, but Yan Di could not calm the war and protect his subjects, so the Yellow Emperor rose up and taught the people to use war to collect cruelty. So all clans came to worship and submit to the Yellow Emperor. Emperor Yan's move to Zhuolu (Zhuolu, Hebei, Yuncheng, Shanxi) is still a big event. History says that "without relatives, without standing, the wise are chilling" (Yi Zhou Shu Shi Ji). It is in this case that the Yellow Emperor once again "cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature" and decided to fight against Emperor Yan in Zhuolu. According to documents, the allied clans and tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, with bears, scorpions, wolves, leopards, tigers as totems, waved battle flags made of birds of the week, cuckoos, eagles, kites and other feathers, violently attacked Zhuolu, and Emperor Yan retreated to Hanquan in the east of the city. After a bloody battle, Huang "killed Emperor Yan and did whatever he wanted", so "the world is the rule". The defeated Yan Di tribes were forced to migrate to the south and east, intertwined with the Miao Man Group in the Yangtze River valley, and gradually merged. The victory of Huangyan War established Huangdi's leadership over the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which belonged to Yandi's sphere of influence, and made him the leader of the tribal alliances in the Central Plains (known as the "Central Emperor" in history).

After the battle of Huangyan, when the Yellow Emperor just ascended the throne of the central government, Chiyou, the leader of Jiuli nationality living in the lower reaches of the Yellow River (present-day Shandong and northern Jiangsu), led the western expedition to challenge the new leader. Jiuli nationality is a very big tribe. They are brave and good at fighting, taking gnats (a kind of caterpillar) as their totem. By the time of the Yellow Emperor, the tribe had a famous leader, who was called Chiyou. Chiyou is familiar with heaven, smart and capable, and makes good use of troops. History books also describe him as a god beyond ordinary people, saying that he has cow hooves, six hands every day, and sword-like hair and horns on his head. Not only that, he also has "eighty-one brothers, and a copper head and iron forehead, eating sand and stones", and his military strength is abnormal. Chiyou has been expanding to neighboring countries by virtue of its powerful force, and it is very likely to compete with the Yellow Emperor. At that time, a tribe headed by Yu Wang in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, after being harassed by Chiyou, turned to the Yellow Emperor for help, which triggered the battle of Zhuolu between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou. The war was extremely difficult for the Yellow Emperor. The so-called "bleeding a hundred miles" and "nine wars and nine defeats" finally won.

After the war between Emperor Yan and Chiyou, a powerful tribal alliance was established to seek the way to govern the country and the people, based on visiting all the sages in the world. To this end, he tirelessly non-stop, take the Dan Sutra collected by the Imperial Palace, fly to Dinghu to fly beads, board Kongdong to ask Guangcheng, take the rules and do great things, serve the East, China and the Yellow River, ask Jingu to slide men, talk about guiding and raising two women, visit the mountains and be cautious about grazing, and ask about the situation after the wind. ("Bao Puzi") Footprint, "East to the sea, Dengmaru Mountain, Daizong. As for Kong Tong in the west, it's a chicken head. As for the south, there are Jiang, Deng Xiong and Xiang. North by meat porridge, and Busan ... ".

The Yellow Emperor's parade, on the one hand, expanded the prestige and influence of the Yellow Emperor clan, thus expanding the sphere of influence of the Yellow Emperor. Xuanyuan Huangdi Biography said: "The emperor rules the world, with his toes in the south, the secluded burial in the north, the quicksand in the west and the flat wood in the east." On the other hand, the aliens in the places visited by the Yellow Emperor were also deeply affected. Inspired by the virtue of benevolence and righteousness of the Yellow Emperor, they all came to pay tribute to the Yellow Emperor. First, the northern countries and Bohai countries presented gifts to the Yellow Emperor, and then the Nanyi people presented wine to Bailuyuan. Later, people from other countries came to join us. Foreign tributes further strengthened the friendly exchanges between the Yellow Emperor and other ethnic groups. To some extent, this also provided extremely favorable conditions for the integration of the Yellow Emperor and other ethnic groups. After traveling around the world, knowing the local situation and obtaining methods to support the people and protect national security, the Yellow Emperor put forward and began to implement his own strategy of governing the country.

Huangdi married four wives in his life. They are Lei Zu, Lei Fang, Tong Yu and Mo Mu. According to Historical Records, Biography of Five Emperors, Century of Emperors, History of the Road, Shu Jieji and Huangdi, Lei Zu is also a (tired) ancestor, the daughter of Xiling and the princess of Huangdi. She invented the art of sericulture and reeling, and taught people to weave silk and make clothes to keep warm and cover up their shame. Lei Fang and Tong Yu are both virtuous. Mo Mu is ugly, but she is virtuous. Because she has no name, all her predecessors call her ugly. The Yellow Emperor thought that "women's virtue is forgotten, women's righteousness is declining, and (appearance) evil is hurt" (Lv Chunqiu), so he married and named Mo Mu.

There are different opinions about the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. "Guoyu Yujin" said: "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, two of whom have the same surname. Only Qingyang and Yigu are their surnames. Qingyang, Fang's nephew. Yigu is Tong Yu's nephew. It is the son of four mothers with different surnames, not twelve surnames. The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom had surnames, namely Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zang, Ren, Xun, Nuo, Gu, Yi and Yi. Only Qingyang and Canglin belong to the Yellow Emperor, so they are all surnamed Ji. " Historical Records of Five Emperors, World Records, Dai Dai Li Ji and other books are generally consistent with this.

Different from what is said in Mandarin and Historical Records, Shan Hai Jing says: "The Yellow Emperor was born in (leopard spoon+tiger) and looks like Yu Jing. Yujing is located in the North Sea and Mao Yu is located in the East China Sea. This is for Poseidon, the sea god.

"Di Jun was born in, Yu was born in, was born in the van, is the beginning of the boat. Yu Fan was born in Xi Zhong, and Ji Guang was born in Xi Zhong. Ji Guang started from wood. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to a wonderful dragon, and the wonderful dragon gave birth to me, which made my life clear and the white dog gave birth. White dogs have groups, and dogs are meat. " "There is a country in North Germany. The grandson of the Yellow Emperor said that he was born in the beginning, and he was born in the beginning. "

It has always been thought that the Yellow Emperor had 25 sons. Although all 25 people are sons of their fathers, their surnames are different. For 14 people who have their own surnames, they are divided into 12 surnames, indicating that they are married, and each takes the surname of the clan they marry as their surnames. As for "two people with the same surname", it means marrying a clan at the same time.

According to the History of Lu Country Names, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor sealed Chen, Chang, Zhang, Zi, Kou, Li and Qu. Their distribution areas are now all over the country. The further reproduction of these descendants of the Chinese people laid the foundation of the Chinese nation. If they are not descendants of the Chinese people or attached to historical documents, then they should also be tribes under the leadership of the Yellow Emperor "Central Heaven Emperor". It is in this sense that China people call themselves "descendants of the Chinese people" or "descendants of the Chinese people".

After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he was buried in Qiao Shan. There have been different opinions on the ownership of counties under Qiao Shan for a long time. It is generally believed to be in today's huangling county, Shaanxi Province. Huangdi Mausoleum is not only the tomb of the ancestor of the Chinese nation, which is known as "the first tomb in the world", but also the tomb of the blood relatives of the Zhang family that we will introduce below.

Zhang Hui is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, but there are two different views on the relationship between Zhang Hui and the Yellow Emperor. One view is that Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor, and the other view is that he is the son of Qingyang, Shao Hao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, that is, Zhang Hui is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Although there are differences in the historical records of surnames, such as Yuan He Shi Bian, Ancient and Modern Surnames Book Discrimination, Surnames Urgent, and Genealogy Table of Prime Ministers in the New Tang Dynasty, they all claim that Zhang Lang is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, saying that Zhang is from Ji, and Zhang Lang, the fifth son of Qingyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, is a bow and arrow. In fact, he set out to fetch animals and worship arc stars. Later generations of Zhang compiled Zhang's Genealogy and Zhang's Genealogy, which many people use.

Long Jiayin rebuilt the Tang version of Zhang's Genealogy, Volume III, Textual Research on the Origin and Development of Surnames: "Zhang showed that Xuanyuan, a native of Jintian, was also named Qingyang. Wuzi waved an arrow, and the official went to Gong Zheng, worshiping Arc Star and taking charge, and gave him the surname Zhang. "

Zhang Hui, the son of the Yellow Emperor, was called "Guang Yun" and "Yi Shi" by Ma Su, and many genealogies of Zhang's descendants agreed with this statement.

China people's surnames have their origins and follow certain principles. The principles of naming surnames can be summarized as: country, city, township, pavilion, and names, characters, birth order, official position, official name, rank, rank, country name, technology, affairs, posthumous title, posthumous title, clan, clan and so on.

Zhang's ancestral surname is also based on the above principles. Although ancient literature records hold different opinions on whether Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor or the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, there is no big difference in Zhang Hui's own situation, and they all admit the basic facts that he made bows and arrows, made official bows and worshipped arc stars. However, careful readers will also find from our previous literature that remembering Zhang's lingering surname is slightly different from "watching bows and arrows, giving the surname Zhang", "making bows and arrows at the beginning, making official bows and arrows, worshiping arc stars, giving the surname Zhang" and "making long bows and arrows, being good at Zhang Gang, being hereditary and giving the surname Zhang". On this basis, we can say that the lingering surname is Zhang, that skill is a profession, that official is a surname, or that official is a surname.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor named Zhang in the Jin State built by the descendants of Ji. The ancestor Zhang Hui passed down 2 1 generation and lasted for hundreds of years. Probably in the early Shang Dynasty, Zhang Song was born in Zhongshan, was appointed as the general of the royal drive, and was later made public. He has four sons: Sean, Zhang Feng, Zhang Wen and Zhang Jin. These are only found in genealogy, but not in ancient literature.

Then it was passed on for 30 generations, and it was passed on to Zhong Zhang, the ancestor of 5/kloc-0, whose words were faithful. Together with Yin Jifu, he assisted the Zhou Zhongxing dynasty in Zhou Xuanwang. There are two sons, Zhang Xiang and Zhang Yi. According to historical records, Zhong Zhang lived before and after the implementation of * * * and administration in the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, Zhou Liwang was overthrown by the people of China because of incompetence, and escaped from the palace. The courtiers elected * * * and Bo as the sons of heaven. * * * and the first year (before 84 1) are the exact dates in the history of China. 14 years later, he died in Bibi (now Huoxian County, Shanxi Province), and * * * and Bo invited the prince to the throne, which is known in history. Relying on a group of ministers, Zhou Xuanwang revived the national situation, conquered Rongdi and made considerable achievements. Historically, it was called "Wang Xuan Zhongxing".

After Zhong Zhang, there were many people carrying history books on Zhang's ancestors. For example, Zuo Zhuan records that in the second year of his reign (589 BC), his hand and elbow were shot through by arrows, and he still struggled to push the cart and rushed to the enemy's position. In the twenty-first year of Zhao Gong (52 1), there was a saying that Zhang Guo, the minister of the Song Dynasty, killed Hua Duoliao in anger. In addition, some ancestors, such as Zhang Lao, Zhang (Zou Zhai), Zhang Yi and Zhang Yishuo, are introduced in the next section.

In the twenty-second year of King Wei Lie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC), Jia Shiqing, Zhao of Jin State and Wei Sanjin were promoted to vassals, which was called "three clans divided into Jin" in history, marking the entry of China into the Warring States period. During this period, the activities of ancestors named Zhang were further expanded. For example, wei ren's Zhang Yi's Western Expedition to the State of Qin combined with Lian Heng to show his talents. However, in the State of Chu, there was a minister, Zhang Mao, who made the king of Chu drive away Zhang Yi, the envoy of the State of Qin. There was a beggar in Qi who persuaded Lu to remain neutral in the Qi-Chu War. However, Zhang's first democracy should be based on the original territory of Jin State. In Zhao, we talked about anti-Korea, anti-Wei, anti-Zhi Bo, and solving the siege of Jinyang in one fell swoop. Wei advised Zhang Yi to conduct diplomacy for Qin in Wei. Zhang Yi sent envoys to Zhao, which made Zhao lean towards Wei in the Qin-Wei War. Han has Zhang Qubing and Zhang Xun, and his grandfather and father Zhang Ping.

Qin is the strongest country among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and there is also a famous ancestor named. In 3 16 BC, King Qin Huiwen sent Sima Cuo, a general, to capture Sichuan, demoted the King of Shu and appointed Zhang Ruo as the Shoujiang of Shu. At the beginning of his tenure, he moved thousands of people from Qin to Sichuan, cultivated land and developed production. Together with Zhang Yi, he managed Chengdu and built Li Lu, Xiacang, shops, official residences and buildings according to the system of Xianyang, the capital of Qin State. It also set up Jin officials and salt and iron officials to develop official handicrafts, which made great contributions to enhancing the national strength of Qin. In 285 BC, Qin abolished the titles of Ba and Shu Hou and established Shu County to govern Sichuan. Zhang Ruo was appointed as the first county magistrate of Shu County for his achievements.

Second, ethnic minorities change their surnames.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a Mongolian general named Bo Yan Timur was born behind Jinshan (now Altai Mountain, referring to Daxinganling). He fought bravely and led troops to defeat peasant rebels many times. But in a battle, he was defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang and joined the Ming Dynasty. Appreciate his military ability and give him a surname Zhang. His descendants have been in the army, passed on to Zhang Sheng, the great-grandson of the Ming Dynasty, and entered the core leadership of the highest military institution. Another example is the Tatar (the name of the Mongols in eastern Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty), the brave and skillful Halton. The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty gave his surname Zhang and changed his name to Longshan. In October of the seventh year of Yongle (1408), Zhang Longshan was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Beijing Right Army and became a core member of the Central Military Leading Group. Another Tatar slave, the famous commander of the northern frontier fortress in the Ming Dynasty, has repeatedly made meritorious military service. In recognition of his bravery, Tang Xianzong Zhu Jian named him Zhang and renamed him a good friend. In August of the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Zhang You was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Jinwei.

Before the Ming Dynasty, there was a jurchen (the ancestor of Manchu people) named Qiemo, with thousands of officials and thousands of women, who led troops to fight and was extremely brave. When his story spread to the capital, Ming Taizu was very happy and gave him the surname Zhang and changed his name to Zhiyi. In the eighth year of Yongle (14 10), Zhang Zhiyi was appointed as the commander of Jianzhouwei and was stationed in Dongdachengzi, Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province. Four years later, the institute has crossed the Hunjiang River Basin in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province.

At present, the Zhang family in Qianying Township, Xiuyan County was originally a Kuang family ruled by Mongols, and was renamed the Zhang family in Qing Dynasty. His ancestor was Mazar 'ertai in Yuan Dynasty. He has served as the three emperors of Wuzong, Wenzong and Huizong, as well as the commander-in-chief of commerce and camp, as well as the Pingzhang of Shaanxi, Gansu, Huguang and other provinces, knowing the Privy Council, and the official is the right prime minister in the book. Two sai-jo also served as prime minister of Zhongshu Right. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, their descendants lived in Majiale and Humila in Changbai Mountain, most of them were engaged in animal husbandry, and some of them were engaged in business in Batang area. 1 1 century, when Britain awarded Germany, it was at the time when Ai Xinjue Roche rose in the northeast, so he abandoned grazing to join the army and became a brave general under Nurhachi's account, belonging to the yellow flag. After the Qing army was wiped out and the unified regime was established, Kuang moved to Shengjing (Shenyang). 13 sai-jo's name is Berger, and he is proficient in Chinese, Chinese books and both civil and military skills. After six years (174 1), he was transferred to Xiuyan to defend the propaganda. Because I love the beautiful local mountains and rivers, I served my mother and took my younger brother Wu to settle down. The two brothers multiplied here, and the descendants changed their surname to Zhang.

Hersairihala is distributed in Duyinge, Hada, Huifa, Changbai Mountain, Fuala, Bodun and Xianyan, and some of them changed their surnames to Zhang in Qing Dynasty.

The Zakuta family was distributed in Valka (now the southern part of the East Coast Province of the Soviet Union), Zakuta, Songhua River, Changbai Mountain and other places, and all of them were changed to Zhang's surname in the Qing Dynasty.

Zaralli was distributed in Valka, Zakumu and Hetuala, and all of them changed their surnames to Zhang in Qing Dynasty. The families distributed in the river basin were all changed to the Zhang family in the Qing Dynasty.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Hui Zhang was appointed as the commander of Wei (Shaoyang, Hunan). According to Volume 33 of Baoqing Fuzhi, Zhang's ancestor was a proud man from Sanhe, Beiping. After Zhang took office, he settled in Jigaotang, Chelinpu, Wugang, and lived on wasteland 100 mu of farmland. Today, most of the Hui people in Shaoyang are Ma, Zhang, Su, Hai and Cai. The Hui people surnamed Zhang may be descendants of Pulod.

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, one of the nearly 100 Baiman tribes in Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, was called Zhang, who was said to have moved from Longxi. In the middle of the 7th century, the leader of this tribe was called Zhang Jinqiu. At this time, Meng Shelong of Uman Department and his son Long Duluo (also known as Fine slaves ROM and Sinolo) began to expand their power and establish Nanzhao regime. In the 1970s, Sinoro troops advanced to Erhai Lake area. According to documents, Zhang "gave way" to Sinoro because he couldn't resist Nanzhao's attack. In order to reward Zhang, Sinoro replaced Luo Bohai, his eldest son, with Zhang He (Biography of Ailao in the summer). This barbarian Zhang family later evolved into a part of the Yi people. In the uprising of Yunnan people of all ethnic groups led by Du Wenxiu in the late Qing Dynasty, there was a Yi general named Zhang. Later, he was called the Nanzhao King, and his ancestor was probably Luo Bohai, a barbarian who changed his surname to Zhang.

Xiongnu is an ancient nation living in the north of China. Its main activities were in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Three Kingdoms and the Wei and Jin Dynasties. There were 19 tribes, of which only a few, such as Tubu, were qualified to become the supreme ruler, Khan, and he was a noble among Huns. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu was divided into two parts, and the northern Xiongnu belonged to the Han Dynasty. During the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, Xihe County was set up in Fenyang, Shanxi Province, and the left part of the southern Xiongnu was set up, that is, the Xiongnu slaughtered various ministries. Historically, they were called Xihe Lake or Tuge Lake. From the literature, we can see many records about Tuge XX and Xihe XX, all of which belong to the Xiongnu Zhang family. For example, "Jin Fu's Bamboo Slips" said: "Wang gathered thousands of people, calling himself a great modest son, and resolutely sent for peace." "Emperor Taizong Ji" says: "In June of the first year of Shenrui, Zhang Wenxing and others in Tuge Lake led more than 7,000 people to flee." "Shu Wei Taizong Ji": "In March of the first year of Tianxing, Xihehu and others led the camp." Jie nationality is a branch of ancient Xiongnu, which came from the canal department of Xiongnu Qiang and lived in the southeast of Shanxi Province today. The main activities were in the period of Wei, Jin and Sixteen States in China. Schleswig-Holstein was the mainstay of the post-Zhao regime (319-351). There are many Zhang surnames among the Jie people, and there are also many records in historical documents. For example, "Jin Zai Ji" says: "There are more than a thousand people in the governor Zhang and Hu Feng Motu, all of whom are in the party, and they are willing to follow." Records of Zhao after Sixteen Kingdoms said: "Zhang Ji, a word, was also a member of Qiang Canal Department." There are many people surnamed Zhang in Houzhao. When the war started in Schleswig-Holstein, there were two riders among the eighteen riders. When Schleswig became Queen Zhao, he took Harmony as the master book of his disciples and taught Hu people to become monks. When it was spread to Shi Hu, Li and Liang were all officials, while Zhang Qun, Zhang San, Zhang Mao, Zhang Si, Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi and Zhang Yi were all powerful people in the post-Zhao Dynasty. Mr. Yao Weiyuan made textual research on the Zhang family mentioned above in the eighth edition of Hu Family in Northern Dynasties, and thought that they were Zhang family of Jie nationality. He believes that Zhang's "Zhang" is translated from the homonym of "Qiang Qu" (Kangju). From this perspective, Zhang, a Jie ethnic group, has made great contributions to the establishment of the post-Zhao regime.

Bohai Ethnic Group is an ancient ethnic group living in the northeast of China (including the former Soviet Union and part of Korea). In Liao and Jin Dynasties, there was a Bohai man, surnamed Zhang, whose surname was changed from Gao. The situation of Sui has already been introduced in the front. Prior to this, Bohai State

During the period (720-962), there was the Zhang family in Bohai. For example, General Zhang Wenlin and Minister Zhang Xianshou. * * * There are more than 20 dignitaries, who live in the upper class and are nobles of Bohai State. However, the reason why this Bohai Zhang surnamed Zhang is not very clear.

Xi nationality is an ancient nationality living in Tang, Song, Liao and Jin dynasties. In historical documents, it is often recorded as "Xi Ren" and "Xi Hui". At the end of Liao Dynasty, Xi Hui proclaimed himself emperor in northeast China, established a country and returned to Yuan Dynasty. Zhang, a famous figure of Zhang family in Tang Dynasty, once served as ambassador to Yiwu. In addition, Zhang Zhongzhi, a native of Xi, also lives in Fanyang. Being good at riding and shooting, Zhang Suo was praised as a "fake son" by Fan Yangsong, and his surname was Zhang from his adoptive father. After repeated military exploits. Official to does history, sealing Zhao Guogong. After he ascended the throne, he became a German soldier and changed his name to Li. Li, whose real name is mistaken for in some documents.

After the Warring States period, the Han people moved to Yunnan continuously, and they lived together and intermarried with the local aborigines for a long time, which influenced each other and formed the White Man War in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were hundreds of Baiman tribes around Erhai Lake and Dianchi Lake. Bai Man's ethnic origin is mainly the Han nationality, so he is basically the same as the Han nationality in language, writing and customs, and their surnames basically follow the Han surname. At that time, there were Zhao, Li, Yang and Dong tribes in Erhai area. One of them is called Zhang, who is said to have moved from Longxi. Their leader's name is Zhang Jinqiu. His son Sun, with a growing population, moved to different places. By the early Ming Dynasty, the Zhang family of Baiman had been distributed in Hilyi, Taihe County, Langya County, Dongshanhe, Mengdingsai (now Laomeng, Yuanyang County), Yingwuguan, Chuxiong County, Tengchong State, Mengheyi, Fan Ning (now Beisheng County) and other places, and many people had done post service, inspection and main book work. According to the official system of the Ming Dynasty, chieftain officials were hereditary. Therefore, most of the Baizhang in the Ming Dynasty lived in the middle and upper classes of society.

In today's Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces, there are many settlements of the Yao Zhang family. Such as the stone boundary in Shangdong Town, Wugang County; Congping, Houpi and Gaoshan in Hekou Township, Ziyuan County; Rural prosperity in Shazhai, Luzhai County: Nale, Minxing and Pingtan in Baihe Township, Napo County, Shang Hua and Guiliu in Xiahua Township, and Poya in Nalong Township; Under the umbrella, on the tip of Jialong Township, lingyun county; Dongdong, Li Na and Banxing in Dongdong Township, Qinzhou City, and Bangou, Dakeng, Xikeng and Heping in Banba Township. Dongshan and Naqin in Najun Township; Life in Miao Township of Shangsi County is better; Xiangjiaoshan, Xiangzhuang, Yulongtang, liu village, Dabei Village, Mozuo Mountain, Johor Bahru, Xicaotang, Xiaomantu, Niustable, Mengbanshan, Wenqing, Mamboshan, Sugarcane Garden, Ichiro and Alpine; The Zhang family of Yao nationality is located in Madiren Township, Longsheng County. The celebrity of Yao Zhang family is Zhang Youjun, director of the Institute of Ethnic Studies of Guangxi University for Nationalities.

The Zhang family of Zhuang nationality is mainly distributed in Guangxi, and its origin is still unclear. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous Zhuang family named Zhang in Shanglin County, Guangxi. There are two brothers. The younger brother is Zhang Honghui. In the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702), he wrote Fu Xun, Jia Xun and Dong Xun. My brother's name is Zhang Hongao, and he was a school official in Yongning House during the reign of Kangxi. Zhang, the son of Hong Ao, was a professor of Qingyuan Fuxue. You Zhu gave birth. Peng Zhanyu and Gan Long became the political envoys of Guan Zhi General.