Discuss the five periods of the development of Chinese classical gardens according to history, briefly introduce the characteristics of each period, representative works.

Answer: The history of the development of Chinese classical gardens is divided into five periods:

I. Generative period

The early years of the garden's emergence and growth are equivalent to the Yin, Zhou, Qin and Han periods. Chinese gardens were first seen in the history of the 11th century BC Western Zhou's Ling 囿. 囿是以利用天然山水林木，挖池筑台而成的一种游憩生活境域，供天子、 诸侯 Hunting and playing. Qin Dynasty Lanchi Palace, Qin Shi Huang in the south of the Weishui for, the Court built many away from the Palace, but also in the Court dug long pool, diversion of Weishui, east and west of 200 miles, north and south of 20 miles, the pool of soil for the Penglai Mountain , created our country's record of man-made pile of mountains.

Two, the turning period

The equivalent of Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties. Western Jin Shi Soun's "Golden Valley Garden", is a famous private garden. Northern Wei since Emperor Wu moved the capital to Luoyang, a large number of private gardens also operated. According to "Luoyang Galanji" records, at that time, Luoyang gardening style is very prosperous, private gardens in the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties has been from realistic to realistic.

Three, the heyday

Equivalent to the Sui and Tang. Sui Xiyuan layout inherited the Han Dynasty, "a pool of three mountains" form, reflecting the rule of the king and the divine right and hedonism, with a strong symbolic color. Sixteen groups of architectural gardens are distributed in the environment surrounded by water and mountains, becoming a garden in the garden, not like the Han Dynasty Palace Court as the Zhouge Fudao connected. This is a turning point from the Qin and Han Dynasty architecture Palace Court into a landscape Palace Court, opened the Northern Song Dynasty landscape Palace Court - Burgundy the first. Mountain buildings can be hidden, reflecting the improvement of architectural skills.

Four, mature period

Equivalent to the Song dynasty, the early Qing dynasty. Song Huizong made Shoushan Burgundy Yue is the first conceptualization of ideas, and then according to the construction of the construction of the painting, the designer of the garden is famous for calligraphy and painting Zhao Ji himself. Song Huizong preferred to play in the mountains, more like gardening, Burgundy's camping, is a major initiative in the history of China's gardens, it is not only Burgundy, the whole of the Taihu Lake stone stacked into the garden of the most rockery, but also a large number of attractions reflecting the characteristics of our country's landscapes; it is both the beauty of the landscape, but also a large number of pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions of the garden buildings, it is a typical landscape palace, after the Song Dynasty after the Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty official court of the important Drawing on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Palace Court is also in the inheritance of this tradition of landscape Palace Court formed on the basis of further development.

Fifth, the late maturity

Mid-Qing to the end of the Qing Dynasty. The end of the Qing dynasty three major away from the palace imperial garden are Yuanmingyuan, summer resort and Qingyiyuan (Summer Palace). Yuanmingyuan is one of the largest, including its two attached gardens, Changchunyuan and Qichunyuan (Wanchunyuan), so also known as "Yuanming three gardens".