The evolution of ancient Egyptian music is divided into three parts.

Ancient Egypt was a kingdom of gods, and pharaohs ruled for more than 3000 years. In the long development of more than 3,000 years, the ancient Egyptian people created splendid music culture.

A picture of music and dance was unearthed from the tomb of Nanshevtka in Sakala, which is the year of the Fifth Dynasty (2563-2423 BC). The image is divided into three layers, the middle layer is a small band, which is composed of a flute player, a harp player and four other musicians who make the same gesture. At least one of the four people seems to be singing. Hans hickmann, a German musician who has been engaged in Egyptian archaeology for a long time, said: "If the unearthed musical instruments of the early dynasty can draw a conclusion about the art of that ancient period, then in its main aspects, the acoustics of the musical instruments have adapted to the mysterious meaning."

According to Sakus' theory, the music culture of Egypt can be divided into two periods, one is from the ancient dynasty to the middle dynasty (3000 BC-BC 1580), and the other is from the new dynasty to the Greek era (65438 BC +0580-4th century AD). If we compare archaeological data, we will immediately find that the unearthed objects of ancient dynasties are very similar to those of Sumer. Therefore, we can infer that Sumer had cultural contact with Egypt in prehistoric times. However, the contact between them ended in the early period of the ancient dynasty. After about 2700 BC, there was almost no contact between the two areas, because during this period, we could not find any similarity between them from archaeological data.

Mesopotamia once again influenced Egypt after the new dynasty conquered Mesopotamia. At this time, Egyptian art materials began to describe all kinds of stringed instruments that had never been seen before, such as the upright harp and Lila (lute). In various times in Egypt, the common bow harp can be roughly divided into three types, namely, the big harp, the small harp of the new dynasty and the shoulder harp of the middle dynasty. Whether this bow harp was introduced into Egypt from Sumer or from Egypt has not been confirmed.

On the other hand, the harp that appeared in the new dynasty was obviously introduced from Asia. The biggest proof is that this kind of harp first appeared in art with Asian musicians. The Nibo musical instrument recorded in the Old Testament is also the same type of harp. Let's look at Lyra, which was first introduced into the new dynasty from Mesopotamia. It is composed of a wooden quadrangle and uneven wrist wood. Presumably, this instrument can be played in two ways. The first way is to play all the open strings with your right hand, and then stop the vibration of the unused strings with your fingers after the arpeggio pops up, so as to pop up music with specific needs; The second method is to erect the lyre and play the strings with two fingers. These two ways of playing are exactly the same as those of Giuliani and Jeddah Sethi, which were popular in Greece later.

Secondly, look at the pipa. This kind of lute, which appeared in Egypt and Mesopotamia, is basically the same in structure: the number of strings is two; As a small carcass, the banyan tree has many handles (Qin Fang). The only difference is the fixing method of the handle and the body: a typical lute in Mesopotamia, its handle extends to the end of the surface plate and then is fixed at the slightly protruding end; In a typical Egyptian lute, the handle is also at the upper end of the face plate, however, it ends in the middle, and there is obvious leather on the face plate, and the handle is stitched and knotted.

Let's take another look. On this chiseled stone carving, the lute we see is the earliest of all known stringed instruments. As far as its structure is concerned, it has made a clear witness to the historical origin of today's classical guitar, because it has basically possessed the main components of the guitar. This stone carving is about BC 1400-BC 1350. It was found at the gate of the Egyptian Sphinx, that is, on the wall of HUYUK, a settlement of the new dynasty. Lute, its lattice is made of rope rolled on the handle. When playing, it may be an object with the left hand resting on the handle and the right hand plucking. The shapes of bell-shaped trunks are small pear-shaped, egg-shaped and hemispherical. Among the existing folk musical instruments, there is also a similar lute, whose Arabic name is Yunpuliqin.

Some of these pipas are three-stringed or four-stringed, which reminds us of a national musical instrument in China-three-stringed. There was once a Japanese scholar, Mr. Uexiong Tanabe, who thought that this kind of pipa was introduced to Japan from Central Asia and became the Sanwei Line in Japan today, that is, the Sanxian in China. Although this statement is very interesting, there is no empirical historical data, so there are many doubts. Later, another Japanese scholar, Mr. Kishi Nobusuke, objected to the above statement after deeply studying the historical materials of China's music.

The oldest organ can be traced back to the 3rd century BC. It is a "hydraulic organ" that appeared in Alexandria, ancient Egypt. This primitive organ has a loud and harsh sound and a huge volume, accompanied by the dramatic performances and competitive activities of the ancient Romans.

As early as the tomb wall of the fourth dynasty in ancient Egypt, there were pictures of playing the harp. There are many harps of different sizes handed down from ancient Egypt, which shows that the harp is the favorite musical instrument of ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians used the harp as a solo instrument or as an accompaniment to singing.

The so-called "Harp Player's Song" appeared in China. Harp players often become guests of festival celebrations. They not only add festive atmosphere to the hosts and guests through music, but also often tell the philosophy of life with lyrics. Many harpists are blind, because the ancient Egyptians believed that although these blind people could not see everyday things, they could understand God's will more deeply and predict unexpected fate.

Unexpectedly, the ancient Egyptians invited the harpist to the tomb of death when they held sacrificial activities for the dead. The harp pointed to the relatives and friends of the deceased and the altar full of sacrifices. On the one hand, he prayed that the deceased could enjoy delicious food in the afterlife, on the other hand, he persuaded the living to seize every minute of this life. The statue of the harpist was originally placed in the tomb as a funerary object, and its purpose was to let him play the piano and sing for the owner of the tomb, so that the deceased would not be too sad or lonely in the afterlife.

Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The ranks of musicians can be seen on the carvings of the stone walls in the pyramids, thus imagining the grand occasion of playing music at that time. There are harp-shaped stringed instruments played with fingers in the sculpture, as well as various flute instruments.

Ancient Egyptian musical instruments included Sist Rum (a metal fork bell), Beni Qin (a bowstring harp), Nafeier Qin (a lute), a double-tube mamu (one playing a tune and the other playing a continuous bass), a counterpoint (made of wood, bones and ivory) and various drums. Musical instruments, such as cymbals, cymbals, bells and castanets, were introduced from Christianity to play church music. Arab representative musical instruments, such as Ude, Snow Girl, Rabbah, Nai, etc. Ude and Canon in Egypt are bigger than similar instruments in other Arab regions.

Traditional musical instruments include Ude, Snow Maiden, Laba, Mizmal, Tal Drum, etc. Rabbah in Egypt consists of a coconut shell wrapped in fish skin as a singing body and an iron long handle with a wooden bow in the middle. A band consists of three Labarbe performers, one of whom is a soloist and singer, leading the band, and they also join souffara or salsmiya and avertical reed flute.

Because this information is copied from the text poster introduced by the album Egypt: Musicians of the Nile, although the album promotes Egyptian music, it is biased towards Arabic music, so it is not necessarily correct, but you can refer to it.

Ancient Egyptian music can be traced back to 2700 BC, and ancient musical instruments appeared in the ruins of ancient Egypt, showing the history of ancient Egyptian music, which is second only to Mesopotamia and has a history of nearly 5,000 years. At that time, Egyptian music was considered to be dominated by religious ceremonies and court music.

Egypt's traditional music has been ruled by Greece, Rome, Persia, Arabia, Ottoman Empire, Napoleon of France and modern British Empire, and influenced by religious changes, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The relationship between Egypt's traditional music and ancient Egyptian music has not been tested.

The existing Egyptian traditional music is a branch of Arab Islamic music in style and theory. Muqam is the soul of Egyptian music. There are more than 20 kinds in common use, including Longa and burka in dance music, Su Fei and belly dance in Egypt, Egyptian voices such as Ariel and Tamzara, and acoustic music such as Musahat and Dole.

Sadie dance in northern Egypt, the costumes are very gorgeous and noble. Chamadan is a female soloist with a wax bamboo hat on her head.

Traditional Nubian music and dance in southern Egypt and Sudan. This Sudanese folk music is a mixture of Egyptian and Sudanese songs, with lyrics in Arabic and African. Ancient Egyptian musical instruments such as lira and ancient Egyptian harp can only be recalled; The musical instruments still in use today are similar to Arabic musical instruments, such as (UR) lute, suona, straight flute (Nay), bagpipes, Egyptian tambourine, round tambourine (Daf), and ceramic drum of Darbuka.