Architectural features of mongolians. . introduce

Mongolian yurt: it is the Manchu name of Mongolian herdsmen's housing. "Bao" means "home" and "house" in Manchu. In ancient times, yurts were called "vault", "felt tent" or "felt house". There are round yurts, large and small, and large ones can accommodate more than 20 people to rest; Little people can also accommodate 10 people.

The construction of yurts is very simple. Generally, draw a circle according to the size of the yurt, then erect "Hannah" (made of 2.5 meters long wicker) along the drawn circle, and then use "Wuni" (wicker stick is about 3. 2 meters long) stand up and connect "Hannah" and "Wu Ni" into a circle.

Then put on the felt and fasten it with wool rope, and you're done. Even if a herder settled on the grassland. After the yurt was built, people decorated it. Spread a thick carpet, place furniture, and hang picture frames and posters around. Now some furniture and electrical appliances have also entered the yurt, and life is very comfortable and happy. The biggest advantage of yurts is that they are easy to assemble and disassemble.

Easy to move. When it is erected, the Hannah will be opened to form a circular fence. When disassembling, folding Hannah back will reduce the size and can also be used as a board for cattle and carriages. A yurt can only be carried by a two-humped camel or a two-wheeled ox cart, and it can be covered in two or three hours.

Although the yurt looks small, it has a large use area. And indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of wind and rain, very suitable for herders to live and use frequently.

Extended data

Evolution and development

The formation of yurts has gone through a long historical stage: apes lived in natural caves, and the ancients transformed and used existing caves to live. In modern times, we will make our own "cave", dig a hole in the ground, use things like wood and stone along the wall of the cave to the edge of the cave, then plant a row of wooden poles in the cave, flush with the wooden and stone walls, and then put some crossbars on it to cover it, and it will become a cave-Ulvi.

A hole should be left at the top of the hole, and a thick piece of wood should be propped up at the edge of the hole and extended to the bottom of the hole, and then some simple trenches should be carved on it as ladders for people to enter and leave. At the same time, it has many functions such as smoke prevention, ventilation, lighting and ventilation, and later developed into the doors and skylights of Mongolian yurts.

With the transition of primitive humans from gathering to hunting, the range of activities is increasing, and some herbivores are gradually tamed into domestic animals, and the embryonic form of animal husbandry has emerged. This requires a room that is easy to move, so buildings like shacks came into being. If the shack takes a step forward, the scaffolding will become Hana, and when it is combined with the ceiling mentioned above, the prototype of the yurt will be formed.

Baidu encyclopedia-Mongolia Mongolian yurt