Design a travel route with the theme of "Hangzhou Folk Culture".

From the Qian Wang Ding capital Lin'an counting, Hangzhou people celebrate New Year's Eve at least a thousand years of history. As for the Hangzhou people's New Year's custom, it is a long story, in a specific regional environment and cultural background, the rich heritage of the ancient capital and the simple cultural atmosphere of the vicissitudes of the melting into the festive, happy, reunion, peaceful atmosphere. Eating is an important part of Chinese New Year. On the eighth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, also known as the eighth day of the eighth, Hangzhou pioneers generally want to use walnuts, pine nuts, lotus seeds, jujube, Gorgon fruit, cinnamon and lychee made into the eighth congee, and gifts to friends and relatives, which is a prelude to the New Year's Day in Hangzhou people. This bowl of congee originated in the Southern Song Dynasty temples, originally for the monks fasting supplies, called "seven treasures five flavors of congee". I do not know when, this bowl of famous rice, from the temple to the folk, the monks and secular stir together, and gradually formed the Hangzhou people burn eight temple incense on the day of the custom. New Year's season in Hangzhou incense, in addition to religious factors, there is a little-known refuge function. On the night of New Year's Eve, before Hangzhou people's homes are generally equipped with a few mouth color auspicious vegetables, such as pig intestines called often smooth; fish round meat round known as the reunion; replica bags head of the boiled meat is to have a think head; spring cake wrapped in shredded meat alluding to the silver wrapped in gold; soybean teeth called Ruyi vegetables; drop peanuts called the fruit of longevity; yellow rhombus meat, lotus root, water chestnuts, dates, and four things and boiled in a beautiful name that there is a wealth of Hangzhou language lotus root resonance, yellow rhombus meat is shaped like a treasure, sound and shape equal to there is rich. The combination of sound and shape is equal to Yau Fu. Blessing is an essential and important activity of the New Year. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Hangzhou ancestors open the door to the first thing is to release the cannon staff, commonly known as the door cannon, post "open the door for good luck", and then worship heaven and earth, God and horses, worship the family hall, worship the stove Division, worship the ancestors statue of God, and then according to the generation of family members to perform New Year's Eve rituals. More interesting is the mutual worship between friends and relatives, you need to hold a business card, the ancient name of the "fly piece", which is written in the visitor's home, all men in order of seniority by name, such as so-and-so rate of son and nephew of so-and-so, nephew of so-and-so grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so-and-so and so on, the end of the piece of note somewhere, the old saying is called note foot. Some of the ink of the family or a well-off family, at the beginning of the New Year, the family must be titled "title phoenix" or "stay in the fang" two words of the special names of the book, remember their relatives or fly piece; the first four columns of the book is the master for good luck to fill in their own, first of all, Shou Bai Ling old master! The first is the life of a hundred years old master, the family lives in the hundred years Fang Lane; the second is the rich Yu master, the family lives in Yuanbao Street; the third is the noble no great people, the family lives in the university scholar's house; the fourth is the blessing according to the neighboring masters, the family lives in the five blessings of the building. Visitors are fabricated, but in Hangzhou does have its place names to accompany. Now it seems, this kind of New Year's blessing of the wind, has appeared to be too pedantic and paradoxical, only respect for the old and love the young simple folk and the historical continuation of the place names, but also left a little bit of the past New Year's blessing of the traces of the blessing. Hangzhou in the past for people to play places of entertainment, can only be described as "snail shell to do the dojo". The people of Hangzhou work all year round and only have leisure time during the New Year. Although the "Qiantang since ancient times", but in the past quite a long time, "the difference between 100,000 people" New Year's Day recognized as a place to play only the City God Mountain and the Plum Blossom Monument in two places. So much so that during the New Year period, Hangzhou people's friends and relatives will ask if they have been to Chenghuang Mountain. Plum Blossom Monument has been there? At the time of the City God Mountain, mountain paths on both sides of the temple on one side of the Taoist temple, on the one hand for the merchants store, which is the most famous tea house, famous for the release of Huai House, Jing Jiang House, see Cang House, Wangjiang House, Ying Shanju and Ziyunxuan, tea imitation apparatus delicate and elegant, elegant furnishings, corridor eaves hanging five-color scenery lamps, tea houses everywhere to sell tea.

Longmen Ancient Town is one of China's 100 folk culture villages and a provincial-level historical and cultural reserve. In addition to the village's grand-scale ancient architectural complexes and scenic spots, it also retains a distinctive traditional folk culture.

Haunting Lantern Festival

The Lantern Festival lasts for five days every year, starting from the 13th day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar when the lanterns go up to the 18th day of the first month when the lanterns come down. Various kinds of lanterns with traditional characteristics are hung in the ancestral halls and halls of the ancient town and on the ancient streets. In the center of each hall, there is a portrait of the ancestor of each house and branch, which is also known as the A-Tai of Sacrifice. The front table is filled with all kinds of fruits and pastries, and the clansmen offer incense to their ancestors to bless them with peace and good luck in the coming year.

Besides the lanterns, there are also various kinds of theater lanterns:

(I) Dragon lantern. It is a traditional and ancient opera lantern of Longmen, which, like the dragon lanterns all over the country, symbolizes that the people of Longmen are the descendants of the dragon. Longmen's dragon lanterns include the bridge dragon, the water-packing dragon, and the wood-hooping dragon. The most distinctive is the bridge dragon, the bottom of the wooden boards strung together, wooden boards made above the body of the dragon, each section is about 1.5 meters long, the total length of 50-100 sections, the entire body of the dragon made of bamboo and various colors of colored paper and silk cloth. The dragon's head and tail are especially delicate, and the inside is equipped with candles and lamps, which are fascinating to watch at night.

The Dragon Lantern Dance has a specified time: it starts on the 13th day of the first month and is first danced at ancestral halls, temples and martyrs' graves; on the 15th day of the first month, it is strung out in the neighboring villages and stores on the ancient streets, and is held from the 16th day to the 18th day of the first month in the unit enterprises and the various halls in the village.

(2) Bamboo Horse. Is also a traditional form of performance in Longmen. Horses divided into two parts of the head and tail. Made of bamboo, outside the paste on colored paper. Bamboo horse jumping horse head and tail placed in front of and behind the person, the person in the middle of the horse, such as riding in the general. Longmen's bamboo horse and other places are different is that it is inherited from the traditional war horse, jumping was a combat position, generally eight horses form a team, the flag leads the way, one by one pair of on the front and off the front. On the night of the 15th day of the first lunar month, two big red horses are added to the show, called "sweeping horse", and the jumping programs are all stories of the Three Kingdoms.

(3) lion dance. Lion head with bamboo, lion body made of satin fabric, lion size. The big lion by two people jumping together, small lion a person, a person holding the embroidered ball to lead the way. Jumping lions are mostly young people, it is technically demanding, very physically demanding, varied performance of the lion's mood, adding to the lively atmosphere of the ancient town Lantern Festival.

(d) Kui Xing. That is, Wenquxing, also known as Wenkui, is a bamboo and satin refined idol. He is holding a brush for the point of the shape, wishing the readers to work hard and win the top prize. The jumping kui-sing has to run through every hall, store and residence to send blessings to people. Because of its many variations, it is incredibly active and requires people with a lot of experience to jump, and its performances often make onlookers laugh.

Temple fair

Every year on the first day of September in the lunar calendar is the traditional temple fair in the ancient town, at this time, coinciding with the agricultural leisure, high and refreshing in the fall, it is a good day to organize the event. Temple fair from August 30 to the third of September, extending four days. In the old days, the village of many ancestral halls, temples, day and night performances, people worship Bodhisattva, worship ancestors, big feasts, do good deeds; clan invited friends and relatives, pouring all of their hospitality; a hundred miles around, and even Shanghai, Hangzhou, and other traders have come to catch up with the fair. The streets of the ancient town were crowded, waterlogged. Spring River on both sides of the river, to the second most. To this day, although the form is slightly different, but the pomp and circumstance is better than that year.

Before liberation, the land system of Longmen Sun clan was different from other places. More than 70% of the farmland belonged to various festivals and was collectively owned. Among them, some were sacrificial fields within the clan, and some were voluntary associations. There are more than a hundred associations, with varying amounts of land, and their membership can be inherited or transferred. Except for the ancestral hall and the sacrificial fields for ancestors, which are rotated according to the house lineage, the club fields are cultivated by the members of the association on a rotating basis, and all the annual income is used for the temple fair. In the early morning hours of August 30th or September 1st, all members must go to the Temple of the Land to worship the Bodhisattva of the Land with paper horses, incense and candles to pray for a year's harvest and peace in all seasons.

In addition to a variety of societies, there are also the same year, there are thirty, fifty, sixty, seventy, etc., which is the Longmen Temple Fair is different from the customs of foreign countries. Every year, the temple fair by the thirty-year-old men of the same year must pick the beam. Temple activities in the most difficult things will have thirty-year-olds will do, such as inviting the best theater troupe, repair dangerous roads, etc., the activities of the funds we temporarily fund-raising, the rich more, the poor less donations, and special difficulties can also be supported. Land reform, based on a variety of societies will disappear on their own, but the same year will become more and more popular, the expansion of the membership to women, the into thirty years old to do the same year theater, more than fifty years old will donate to repair the bridge exposure to do good deeds.

Ancestor sacrifice

Annual ancestor sacrifice is the whole clan jointly organized by the ceremony, divided into spring and autumn two sacrifices, the spring festival on the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar, by the Longmen Sun's big room, the fourth room preparations; autumn festival on the nineteenth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, by the Longmen Sun's five rooms, the seventh room preparations. The second, third, and sixth houses basically moved out of town and do not need to prepare, but must be led by the head of the house to participate in the ancestor ceremony. The Ancestor Ceremony was held at the Sun Clan Ancestral Hall, which was entered through the east and west yuanyuan gates and ascended step by step. Ancestral shrine is divided into three before and after the three into the front is the entrance hall, five room facade, set up in the stage, a stage in front of the patio, the left and right houses around; in the main hall, square brick pavement, also known as Scholar's Ground, the beams are full of plaques, the Sun family to decide on important matters of the Council Chamber; after the hall for the shade of the Hall, the top of the Sun's ancestors arranged in the tablets. The ancestor shrine is usually rarely visited, in addition to ancestor worship, only the clan encountered a major event, only solemnly open the door of the ancestral hall.

Three days after the ancestor worship, the whole clan stops working and dresses up, like a festival. In the afternoon, the ancestral hall opened the door to perform a play, a song square, the clan gathered, ancestor worship ceremony began. At this time, the main door to the shade of the Hall in the door is wide open, the ancestral tablets, the front six tables side by side, covered with red felt, hundreds of dishes, fruits, pastries, the center is decorated with flowers, paper horses. The table in front of the special offering rack on the whole pig and sheep, white meat tied with colorful strips of red silk. A pair of arm-thick giant candles red light, showing a solemn scene.

The protagonist of the ancestor worship is the head of the clan, accompanied by the head of each house, the red gentry, and those who are famous. The master of ceremonies is a scholar of the clan or a student of high rank in the school, known as the ritual student, **** twenty. Other members of the clan stand at the back. The whole worship process is divided into starting music, offering, kneeling to read the text, blessing, rounds of worship ancestors and so on. Just see the two ritual students dragged long voice shouted in unison: ancestor worship ceremony begins, start the drum, start the drum again, start the drum again ...... chime three points!" One ritual student hit the drum three times, one ritual student hit the drum three times. Two rites student again shouted: "Standing sacrificer respectfully stand ...... support sacrificer with respectfully stand ...... one kowtow, two kowtow, three kowtow ......, one incense, two incense, three incense Zha!" Have the courtesy to help the patriarch light the incense. The officiant accompanied by the officiant kowtowed and offered incense as in the ritual. Next is the starting of the music, offerings, at this time the band morning waiting aside, warm plum blossom gongs and drums sounded, music, the remaining ritual students will be handed to the matriarch offerings, and then set up the offerings on the table. Two ceremony students shouted in turn: "Offer dry eagle (whole chicken), offer hall shoulder (pig's trotters fat), offer JiaoShu (silver fish whiskers), offer fresh scales (whole fish), offer jade grains (rice), offer spring tea (tea), offer Jennifer (wine three cups) ......."