What words were used to refer to old people and children in ancient times?

Overall perspective: childhood. In ancient times, children tied their hair into a pair of small horns, called total horns.

Hanging bun: childhood. Children under age don't wear hats, and their hair droops. Later, because "hanging bun" refers to childhood. Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden" in Jin Dynasty: "Yellow hair hangs down and enjoys itself."

And logistics: female 15 years old. This kind of hairpin was used by ancient women to curl their hair. When female 15 years old, her head is raised, indicating that she has reached adulthood. The Book of Rites: "Women ... five tenths."

Cardamom: A girl of thirteen or fourteen. In the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu's "Farewell" poem said: "Flowers are more than thirteen, and beans end in early February." Later, because of "cardamom", I used to be a girl of thirteen or fourteen.

Broken melon: female 16 years old. Ancient literati took the word "melon" apart and made it into two characters, because they called a woman of 16 years old "the year of broken melon".

Weak crown: the man is 20 years old. In ancient times, when a man was 20 years old, he would hold an adult ceremony and put on a crown to show that he was an adult.

"Book of Rites Quli Shang" said: "Twenty is the weak crown." Zuo Si's poem "Ode to History" in the Western Jin Dynasty: "A weak crown makes a gentle person, and a group of books is brilliant."

Standing: 30. Confucius' The Analects of Confucius: "I am determined to learn five out of ten and stand at thirty." Later, he called the age of 30 "the year of standing".

There is no doubt: 40 years old. "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "Forty without confusion." By the age of 40, the speaker has more social experience and can distinguish right from wrong when things happen and no longer doubt. Later, 40 years old was called "the year of no doubt".

Shi Qiang: 40. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Forty strong and official." It is said that the man is 40 years old, has strong wisdom and strength, and can be an official.

Fate: 50 years old. "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "You know your destiny at fifty." Later, 50 years old was called "the year of destiny".

Ai: 50 years old. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Fifty is Ai." The hole is sparse: "As pale as Ai. Represents the age of white hair.

Flower: 60 years old. Named after 60 names arranged by heavenly stems and earthly branches. Once at the age of 60, it is called "flower".

Shun: 60. "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "Sixty sounds good." Therefore, 60 years old is called "the year of hearing".

Zhai: 60 years old. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Sixty years old, teaching."

Gu Xi: 70 years old. Du Fu's "Qujiang" poem: "Wine and debt together, life is seventy years old."

Elders: "Book of Rites Quli" says: "Eighty or ninety is the time to go." "The Book of Songs Qin Feng Car Neighbors": "The dead are gone." Mao Chuan: "I am old. Eighty years old. " After that, eighty or ninety years old were regarded as "octogenarians".

Period: 100 years old. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "A hundred years, easy." Period is expectation, and H is nourishment. In other words, when people live to be 100 years old, it is the life expectancy, so at this age, they should be well raised. Therefore, later generations regard "Yi" as a synonym for centenarians.

In the process of learning ancient prose, we often come across some words expressing age appellation, such as "weak crown" and "hard work". Students are often confused about this. In fact, there are many words like this, which we must know in the process of learning ancient Chinese. The ancient age appellation came from different sources, most of them were named according to the physiological characteristics of different ages, but some of them followed the words of their predecessors and became fixed names.

Of all age appellation, the title "ninety" is the most interesting. Or "mackerel back", mackerel is a kind of fish, and the stripes on its back are like the wrinkled skin of an old man. . In old age, senile spots appear on the skin, such as the skin of frozen pears, so it is also called "frozen pears".

There are also names based on physiological characteristics, for example, people are called "babies" at birth because they need to be held on their chests to feed them. Babies can pass fake, fake breasts. A baby is a child held on his chest. Seven-year-old is not only called "mourning", but also called "losing teeth", so it is called because it is the period of changing teeth. Fifteen years old is called "child" and "when there is no vegetation on the mountain, it is called" child ". Ancient 16 years old adult, 15 years old men were not crowned, women were not crowned. Metaphor is used here.

In addition, what we often say now is "the year of establishment", "the year of no doubt" and "the year of know life" come from the records in The Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said: Five out of ten are determined to learn, thirty are standing, forty are not confused, fifty know the destiny, sixty are obedient, and seventy are not willing to leave."

The Book of Rites, compiled by Dai Sheng, a Han Chinese, said: "Life is ten years old, twenty weak, thirty strong, forty strong, fifty ai, sixty, eighty and ninety years old." Among them, there is also the saying that you are guilty for years. However, later generations often regard "infant learning" and "weak crown" as age appellation, which is probably the reason why the vocabulary of later generations has developed from monosyllabic to disyllabic.

Our country also has the tradition of keeping track of the year of cadres and cadres, and 60 years is a round, so there is a saying that 60 years old is the year of flowers and flowers. Du Fu said in a poem: "Wine debts are common, and people are seventy or twenty years old." As a result, seventy has another nickname of "seventy years old".

Of course, there were more than these appellations in ancient times, and many of them were scattered in various ancient books, but they were not handed down because they were used less. These mentioned above have been used by later generations because of their high frequency of use and strong vitality. Some of them have also entered our daily communication, such as Standing at Thirty. For example, from the words "baby" and "child", we can't see the difference between history and today.

And:

Degree-when the child is born.

Naked baby-refers to a newborn baby under one year old. Mencius on Li Lou: "Adults must not lose their childlike innocence."

The period of soup and cake refers to three days after the baby is born. In the old custom, when a child is born three days later, it is called "soup cake feast" to entertain relatives and friends, and it is also called "soup cake feast" or "soup cake party".

Childhood-refers to a child who knows that laughter is still in its infancy. Yan Shigu's Note: "A baby begins with a child, which is called childhood. Children, children laugh. " Laozi: "Like the unborn son of a baby." Also called "baby hug" and "baby lift". Tang Hanyu's Sacrifice to Twelve Lang: "How can such a child hope to do evil?"

Fang-onomatopoeia, the voice of children learning language. Like babbling, it also means that children begin to learn words in this process. Qing Yuanmei's Ode to Sisters: "After your death, you gave birth to two female fangs." Zhou Xi refers to a baby's first birthday.

Pendulum, year, total angle-refers to childhood. Ancient children naturally drooped when their short hair was not tied, so it was called "drooping hair". Tao Jin Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden: "I have yellow hair and I am happy." Girls are called "Nian" when they are 7 years old, and boys are also called "Nian" when they are 8 years old.

Chèn and Huang Kou-refer to childhood. It is said that "men have teeth in August and oysters at the age of eight; Women have teeth in July and cockroaches in August. It can be seen that children's deciduous teeth fall off and grow permanent teeth, which is called age.

Below the knee-childhood, children can only rely on their parents' knees when they are young. The Sacred Rules of Filial Piety: "Therefore, my own life is only at my knees."

A child.-A child. "On Mencius Li Lou": "There is a song of a willing ox, which says,' The surging water is crystal clear and can hold my tassel. ""is also used as a title for old people to address young people. According to historical records, "My father returned it when he arrived, saying,' Junko can teach.' "

Second, synonymous with teenagers and children

Index year-the child is nine years old.

Foreign year of happiness-children are ten years old.

Dance at night-teenagers are thirteen to fifteen.

The Year of the Dancing Elephant-Teenagers are fifteen to twenty years old.

The year of Chai Jin-this woman is twelve years old.

Cardamom-refers to a girl of thirteen or fourteen. Tang Du Mu's Farewell: "Thirteen watches, cardamom comes first in February."

Beauty-the rosy face of young people. Generation refers to teenagers. Tang Li Bai's poem "a message to meng haoran": "The beauty abandons the crown car, the pine and cypress clouds; Now, whitehead. "

Virgin-unmarried woman.

Daughter-Used as a title of respect for a daughter, especially an unmarried person.

Third, adult men and women.

Children-young men and women. Saying goodbye to the viceroy, he went out to Shu to become an official, saying, "Why did you waste your time at the fork in the road?" .

A bunch of hair-male 15 years old. The old man has fifteen bundles of hair as his temples. "Go to college with a bunch of hair and learn great skills." (Dai Shifu)

Ji Zhou (Jí)-Female, fifteen years old. The hairpins used by ancient women to tie their hair indicate that they have reached adulthood. The Book of Rites says that a woman can get married at the age of fifteen. "Mandarin Zheng Yu": "I am pregnant."

Adults-fifteen or a little over fifteen. Zheng Xuan: "An adult child is over 15 years old".

Waiting for years, etc.-refers to the age at which the woman will get married as an adult. "Love for years, the golden sound will be revived" (Selected Works of Emperor Wen Song and Empress Yuan Cewen). "Women are allowed to get married, and they are embarrassed." ("Book of Rites Quli Shang")

Young ai refers to young and beautiful men and women. "Nine Songs of Chu, Less Commandments" is a long sword that embraces young Ai, and Sun Zi is suitable for the people.

Broken melon, jasper years-female 16 years old. The ancients in China divided it into two words to mark the year. "Popular Compilation" said: "If Yan Pin gave Zhang Yue" success should be in the year of breaking melons ",he would be 8864 years old". "Popular Woman" and "Song Xie has Pan Ci" Broken Melon Boy and Waist ". "According to the custom, it is wrong to beat a woman into a broken melon. The word melon is broken into two characters, and it is said that it is 286 years old. "

Weak crown, the first crown-male twenty years old. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Twenty is the weak crown."

One room and one family-the year when a man marries a woman. Mencius Teng Wengong: "A husband is born with a house, and a woman is born with a home." Zhu Note: "Men take women as their rooms and women take men as their homes."

Dissatisfied wife and husband-refers to older unmarried women. Mencius on Hui Liang: "There is no dissatisfied wife inside, no husband outside. "Husband in a broad sense: refers to an older man who is not married.

Tao-female, twenty years old.

In her prime-this woman is twenty-four years old.

Fourth, the pronoun of middle age

Strong-just in the prime of life. In ancient times, thirty years old was strong. Don Kevin·Z's "It is not easy to get rid of it": "At the beginning of Zhenguan, it is not easy to get rid of it."

Thirty-thirty years old. Forty years old. The year of know life-fifty years old. A year of listening-sixty years. The Analects of Confucius: "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at thirty, be puzzled at forty, know the sky at fifty, listen at sixty, and follow my heart at seventy." Fifty-year-olds often call themselves "the year of the unknown".

Semi-old Xu Niang-female, 30 years old.

Ai-fifty, Jian-sixty. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Fifty years of love, for the government; Sixty years old, instigating. " Liu Tang Yuxi's "Ruzhou Xie Shangbiao": "Fu Meng Sheng Ze, save this natural disaster, tired to the Soviet Union, young Ai feels the same."

Zhang is 50 years old, Zhang Xiang is 60 years old, Zhang Guo is 70 years old and Juck Zhang is 80 years old. Book of Rites: "Fifty sticks are at home, sixty sticks are in the countryside, seventy sticks are in the country, eighty sticks are in the court, and ninety people who want to ask are in the room."

Verb (abbreviation of verb) is synonymous with old age.

White hair drooping-white hair drooping, describing old age. Don Sun Qiao's "How Easy": "People who often give old people a stick are easy to sit down and eat, asking about political gains and losses."

Flower armor-sixty. Chronology of cadres and branches. Ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches are matched into sixty units in turn, forming a cycle, commonly known as "sixty flowers". Also known as the flower armor. "

Gu Xi-seventy years old. "Qujiang" poem: "Wine debts are common, and life is seventy years old."

Double rare, double celebration-one hundred and forty years old.

Xiashou-60 years old, middle age-80 years old, Shangshou-100 years old "Zhuangzi Stole Foot": "People live a hundred years old, middle age, 60 years old."

Hey (d? )-seventy or eighty years old. Mao Chuan: "I am old, I am eighty." Du pre-note: Seventy Yue. "Wake up to the world, stay on the beach, miss friends": "Life is eighty years old, and wealth is beyond words. "

Mao-eighty, ninety. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Eighty or ninety years old".

Yi-hundred years old. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "A hundred years old is a long time." Zhu said to the explanation, "Zhou miscellaneous means." (the feeling of turning around. ) "It's been a hundred years." Hey, Zhu said, "I just want to raise it." That's Gao Shou's centenary.

Gò u)-"Poem Xiao Yanan Mountain has a platform": "Not only a gentleman, but also a distant person." Zhu note: "Old yellow is yellow. The old man's face was frozen to pear color, such as floating dirt. Also called yellow hair. Yellowstone is also called the elder.

Yellow hair-refers to old age, but also refers to the elderly. Tao Jin Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden: "I have yellow hair and I am happy."

Whitehead.-Whitehead. Refers to old age. Answer to Su Wushu by Li Ling in Han Dynasty: "Ding Nian was appointed as an envoy and returned to China with his head down." Ding Nian: Mature age is the golden age of life.

Taibei-"Poetry, Elegance and Micro-Fu" and "Huangtaibei" Er Ya Shi: "Back on the platform, sorrow, old age and longevity."

All the above information sources are formal non-individuals. I hope I can help you ...