Who came up with the old tri-centrism

Old Tri-centrism was put forward by Herbart

Compared with Dewey's new tri-centrism (modern tri-centrism) "child-centrism, activity-centrism, and experience-centrism", the "teacher-centrism, classroom-centrism, and textbook-centrism" put forward by Herbart is called the old tri-centrism (traditional tri-centrism). called the old three centers (traditional three centers), so he is also known as the father of traditional pedagogy (representative figure).

Herbart put forward the "old three centers": teacher-centered, textbook-centered, classroom-centered, emphasizing the role of the teacher, the classroom and the textbook, but over-emphasis on the role of the teacher, the classroom and the textbook, to a certain extent, to limit the initiative of the students, the initiative of the play.