maqam of iraqi

abstract

Muqam in ancient Iraq is related to the traditional music forms of Iran, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan in terms of structure and orchestration. Muqam in Iraq is a combination of various musical and melodic patterns, including improvisational arias. This kind of impromptu singing sometimes requires formal accompaniment, and finally the aria and music are integrated to form a harmonious and complicated integrated song. The lead singer's skillful improvisation makes him interact and echo with the accompaniment band in a complicated way. The main instruments of the band include a dulcimer struck with a hammer, a Creary, a bass tambourine, and sometimes a bronze or pottery drum and a tambourine. Muqam's performances are usually at private parties, or in cafes or theaters.

Muqam's repertoire comes from Arabic classical or popular poetry, and its unique vocal and instrumental timbre makes it the most popular music form in the country for musicians, scholars, literature and music researchers and many Iraqi people. Muqam, with its rich repertoire and unique performance form, is the collective musical and literary heritage of Iraqis. Therefore, although a lot of Arabic music in this area has disappeared or been deeply influenced by the West, Muqam music in Iraq is still well preserved, especially its gorgeous vocal skills and improvisation. It continues to be loved by audiences at home and abroad in Iraq, and a large number of live performances and records have proved its success.

way

Muqam combines vocal music and instrumental music. It is the representative of Iraqi traditional music and the most influential Muqam in Arab countries. Like Muqam in other countries and nationalities, mode is the core of Muqam in Iraq. The modes of Iraqi traditional music are different from those of other Arab countries, such as Nava, Rast, Bajat, Ibrahim, Rashid, Haravi, Mu Harif, Medemi and so on. Different modes are suitable for expressing different emotions. For example, "Nava" is mainly used to describe beautiful memories, pure love and the preciousness of youth; "Grating" and "Bayat" are used to praise people's wisdom and dignity; "Ibrahim" shows heroism; "Rashid" and "Haravi" show joy; Mu Harif and Selling Zheng Yifei are good at expressing sadness and disappointment, which are used to tell the pain of parting.

On the verge of disappearing

Due to the complicated and exaggerated stage design and the development trend of orchestration, Muqam, a traditional music, is in danger of losing some of its original characteristics. For example, today, many large mainstream bands in Arabia, such as violin, cello and double bass, are so loud that they almost lose their delicate timbre in the past, thus changing the transparent piano body and delicate cavity-lined playing style of the bands in the past.

Intangible cultural heritage

Muqam is one of the important parts of classical music. Muqam, also known as markham and Makama, is a unique name in Islamic music, which has the meanings of song, tune and classical music. Muqam, as a musical form of Islamic nation, has a long history and a wide and far-reaching background. Muqam has a wide distribution area and many kinds. Muqam is found in Arabia, Persia, Turkey, India and Central Asia. There are different opinions about the founder and origin of Muqam. Muqam belongs to the category of suite, which is a large-scale music composed of vocal music and instrumental music. Its themes are mostly love stories, heroic deeds or pure feelings. The source of songs includes a suite composed of traditional music handed down from ancient times and local music. In some areas, dancing has even become a complex art form.

Among Muqam in various countries, Muqam in Iraq is very famous. There are many pages in Arabian Folk Tales "Arabian Nights" depicting the beauty and elegance of Iraqi classical music. Composed of santur (dulcimer), jawzah (bowstring instrument) and dumbak (small drum with long neck), Baghdad Band often performs Iraqi Muqam divertimento with male and female singers or choirs in concerts, tea houses and private homes in Mosul and Kirkuk in northern Iraq. In 2003, UNESCO listed Muqam in Iraq as one of the "representative works of oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind".