Main characteristics of ancient Wushu development in different periods

In the era of clan commune, tribal wars often occurred, so we constantly sum up the experience of fighting on the battlefield. The relatively successful hitting, stabbing, boxing and legs were imitated, taught and practiced, which promoted the germination of Wushu. Wushu was formed in slave society. After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, in order to meet the needs of actual combat, Wushu developed into practicality and standardization.

Martial arts activities in the Xia Dynasty mainly developed in the following two aspects:

1. Martial arts activities of the army.

Second, martial arts-based school education.

In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, hunting, as an important means of martial arts training, appeared in Shang Dynasty. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, soldiers were trained with "martial dance" to boost morale. Shooting and dancing were also listed as one of the educational contents in the schools established in the Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, the Book of Changes, an important work in the history of China martial arts, appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. This book contains rich philosophical thoughts, which has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's health preservation. Easy to be too high, there are two instruments, two instruments have four elephants, and four elephants have gossip. The emergence of Taiji theory laid the foundation of China Wushu system. After entering the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, each Warring States period attached great importance to the application of technology in the battlefield. Qi Henggong held a "gladiator" in the spring and autumn to select heroes from all over the world. During this period, the manufacture of swords and kendo have achieved unprecedented development.

Wushu developed in feudal society. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wrestling and fencing have prevailed. With the custom of "banquet dance", dancing with musical instruments often appears when drinking. For example, "Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is intended to serve the public" in the "Hongmen Banquet" recorded in Historical Records of Xiang Yu is the embodiment of this form. In addition, there are "knife dance" and "dance troupe", which are entertaining, but technically closer to today's routine sports.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts system has been implemented, which has promoted the development of martial arts, such as awarding honorary titles to soldiers with special skills. General Pei Min's swordsmanship was unique in the world for a while, and it was called the "three unique skills" in the Tang Dynasty together with Pei Min's swordsmanship, Li Bai's poems and Zhang Xu's cursive script. It can be seen that Wushu, as a literary form, has been quite influential.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, folk Wushu activities with Wushu organizations as the main body flourished, and there appeared "English Club" and "Archery Club" which practiced guns and sticks. Due to the active commercial economy, there are "vagrants" who wander the rivers and lakes, practice martial arts and buy works of art for a living. There are not only solo exercises, but also duet exercises.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of great development of Wushu, with many schools and different kinds of boxing. There are dozens of boxing methods such as Changquan, Monkey Boxing, Shaolin Boxing and Neijia Boxing. At the same time, Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan and Bagua Boxing were formed.

In modern times, Wushu adapted to the changes of the times and gradually became an organic part of modern sports in China.

During the Republic of China, many martial arts organizations such as boxing clubs and samurai clubs appeared among the people.

1927, the Central Wushu Museum was established in Nanjing.

1936 China Wushu Team went to Berlin Olympic Games to perform.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Wushu developed vigorously.

From 65438 to 0956, Chinese Wushu Association established Wushu Association and Wushu Team, which formed an unprecedented extensive network of mass Wushu activities and opened up a broad road for the development of Wushu.

From 65438 to 0985, the first international Wushu invitational tournament was held in Xi 'an, and the preparatory committee of the International Wushu Federation was established, which was a historic breakthrough in the development of Wushu.

1987 the first Asian Wushu championship was held in yokohama, marking the entry of Wushu into the Asian games.

1990 Wushu was first included in the 1 1 Asian Games.

1999, the International Wushu Federation was accepted as a full member of the International Olympic Committee. This is another historic breakthrough in the development of Wushu, which means that Wushu will soon become an Olympic event in the near future, which means the further realization of the grand goal of "pushing Wushu to the world"!

Characteristics of Wushu: Wushu combined with sports: Wushu was originally a means of military training, which was closely related to ancient military struggle. Its skills

The characteristics of the strike are obvious. In practice, its purpose is to kill and subdue the other side, which is often forced out by the most effective means of attack and defense.

Make the other side lose the ability to resist. These technologies are still used in the military and public security departments. As a sport, Wushu is not technically.

Lost the characteristics of offensive and defensive skills, but embedded skills in fighting and routine sports. Fighting embodies martial arts skills.

Its characteristics are basically the same as practical martial arts in technology, but from the perspective of sports, it is restricted by competition rules.

Based on the principle of mutual harm. For example, Sanshou, some traditional methods of actual combat in Wushu are restricted, and fighting is strictly regulated.

The position and protective gear of hitting, as well as the equipment used by short soldiers, have also changed accordingly, while the pusher is playing under special technical regulations.

Technical confrontation. Therefore, it can be said that martial arts fighting action has strong offensive and defensive skills, but it is different from practical skills. inside

The national style of practicing both inside and outside, having both form and spirit, and wide adaptability: it is a major feature of China Wushu to study physical norms and seek the holistic view of spiritual exchange and internal and external integration. The so-called interior refers to the mental activities such as heart, spirit and mind and the operation of breath; The so-called external, that is, hands, eyes, body steps and so on.

Physical activity. Inside and outside, form and god are interrelated and unified whole. The characteristics of Wushu are "internal and external integration, both form and spirit".

Technology and skills to reflect. It is the principle of all factions to "practice the spirit inside and the bones and muscles outside" The forms and contents of Wushu practice are rich and varied, including competitive Sanshou, pushing hands and fighting short soldiers, various boxing methods, equipment suitable for exercise and sparring.

Adapt to various training methods. Different kinds of boxing and instruments have different action structures, technical requirements, sports styles and amounts of exercise.

To meet the needs of people of different ages, sexes and constitutions, people can choose to practice according to their own conditions and hobbies. At the same time, the requirements for venues and equipment are not high, commonly known as "the place where cows lie". Practitioners can change the content and method of practice according to the size of the venue.

Type, even if there is no equipment at the moment, you can practice boxing with your bare hands. Generally speaking, it is also limited by time and season. Compared with many people

Sports events are more adaptable.