Traditional Cultural Arrangement of Textbooks of Ministry Edition

Classical Chinese is a beautiful scenery in Chinese teaching and an excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.

She carries the wisdom of our ancestors and has high cultural value, educational value and artistic aesthetic value.

Learning classical Chinese well can not only inherit and carry forward the long-standing excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, but also cultivate sentiment and enhance students' aesthetic taste.

The goal of Chinese teaching in primary schools is to understand the charm of China characters and languages, feel the splendid history and culture of our country, stimulate students' patriotic feelings, and lay a good foundation for students' future Chinese learning.

The curriculum goal of Chinese curriculum standard requires "understanding the richness of Chinese culture and absorbing the wisdom of national culture". Language is the carrier and embodiment of culture and an effective way to understand ancient culture. The new textbook emphasizes: "Special attention is paid to excellent traditional culture education, and morality and patriotism are subtly permeated between the lines.

"20 17, more traditional cultural contents are included in Chinese textbooks, so that more primary school students can learn classic works.

Keywords primary school Chinese aesthetic interest Classical Chinese teaching strategy The unified textbook has increased the proportion of ancient poetry, and the learning arrangement of classical Chinese has also been greatly adjusted. A total of 129 ancient poems of China have been compiled in the unified Chinese textbooks for primary schools, accounting for about 30% of the total.

Among them, ancient poetry 1 12, China classical poetry 14, and 3 classic works.

In addition to ancient poems, ancient fables, myths and legends, and historical stories, we also select the contents that are in line with the characteristics of the times and have positive significance from traditional literary readings such as San, Hundred Family Names and Qian 0055-79000000.

How to reduce the pressure brought to students by the joining of ancient poetry as soon as possible has become an urgent problem for primary school Chinese teachers.

Chinese teachers can introduce the teaching of small ancient prose while teaching ancient poetry, which complements the teaching of ancient poetry.

From September, 2065438 to September, 2009, I observed the activity of "improving the application ability of unified Chinese textbooks in primary schools"-I walked into Kunming and had the honor to attend the classes of several famous teachers, deeply feeling the sacredness of minority language education. No matter from the course structure, stages, procedures, or the admiration for the unique teaching methods of famous teachers, as a first-line primary school Chinese teacher, I pay tribute to the Chinese class.

Secondly, starting from Teacher Hou's Disciple Rules class, I think about the teaching strategies of ancient Chinese. 1. Understanding the structure and expression of classical Chinese is very different from modern vernacular Chinese in semantics and grammar, which is not only difficult to read but also difficult to understand for primary school students who have been exposed to classical Chinese.

As Chinese teachers in primary schools, we should further actively participate in the research of classical Chinese teaching in primary schools, guide primary school students to get in touch with the classic world and excellent ancient culture, receive the edification and nourishment of beauty in the fertile soil of classical Chinese, and enter into profound understanding and enjoyment.

However, due to the influence of teachers' educational concept, classical Chinese teaching adopts the method of teachers' counterpart teaching and students' rote learning, which leads to the situation that teachers are hard and students are boring. After learning a classical Chinese, students will lose interest and learn classical Chinese.

This is the teacher's "sin".

Improper teaching by teachers stifles students' interest in learning classical Chinese in the cradle and brings boredom to junior high school and life.

Debris viewer: What classical Chinese did the students learn before? Student: "Dai Song painted a cow" and "Two children debated on the same day" ... Did the students find the characteristics of classical Chinese? (Health) Show everyone the novel "Boya Juexian" with blunt words and different meanings in ancient and modern times, observe the photos on the spot and tell the contents of the picture.

Teacher: Dyson, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, is very good at drawing cows, and the cows he writes are very vivid. Among them, the bullfighting picture was introduced into the Song Dynasty, which led to an interesting story.

Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote an article on this basis, recording this episode and his own feelings.

This is the classic "Bullfighting Map" of China that we are going to learn today.

Liberate the subject and guide the subject's reading with relevant knowledge.

Clear: "Book" here means "writing and recording".

Dyson is a famous painter in Tang Dynasty, who is good at painting the scenery of Tianjia and Chuanyuan, especially buffalo.

"Painting a cow" means "Painting a cow by Dai Song", which is very high.

On the one hand, the bullfighting picture was originally the postscript of Su Shi (B).

Inscriptions are written in books, inscriptions, calligraphy and paintings.

The former is the title and the latter is the postscript, collectively referred to as the title and postscript.

"Dai Song painted cows" can be understood as the words of painter Dai Song painted "Dai Song painted cows".

In a word, this article is related to Dyson's painting "Bullfighting Picture".

"Draw a cow" is not a verb-noun structure, but a picture of a bullfight.

Second, read aloud first, stimulate meditation, and repeatedly quote "Bullfighting Map" to point out that students "have independent reading ability, attach importance to emotional experience, accumulate wealth, and form a good sense of language".

Only by "reading ancient prose a hundred times" can we "distinguish right from wrong".

Therefore, in the teaching of ancient Chinese, we should establish the concept of "reading first" and attach importance to the guidance and training of reading.

Teachers can train students to read aloud by reading on the train, reading at the same table and reading together, so that students can read ancient Chinese aloud.

Decentralized reading requirements: students read the text in pinyin, according to the reading order.

Teachers guide the writing of "Sun" from the four overtones of "Chu, Hao, Shu and Sun".

Teacher: There is a proverb called "I don't know what to read or what to do". A proper pause helps to understand what the article describes.

Increase the difficulty, according to the habits of the ancients, from right to left, remove punctuation, read in normal schools, practice and read more.

Third, situational interest reading and questioning deepen understanding. Senior students have strong self-study ability and accumulated certain knowledge and methods. Self-study and group cooperative inquiry are adopted to facilitate students to solve problems in groups and acquire more new knowledge.

The "incomprehensible problems" in the star show group can be well understood through students' communication and teachers' pointing out.

On this basis, it is easy to guide students to explain the meaning of the full text through comments.

After asking questions to deepen understanding, questions can be divided into two categories. One is the problem of words.

Second, there are difficulties in content understanding, text structure, artistic techniques and theme understanding.

Teachers can timely approve students' written homework and pay attention to each student's problems, which can be divided into three categories. The first is sex.

In other words, this is a common problem among students.

Use ""in the exercise book to affirm and encourage students to ask questions in class. Teachers often answer students' questions in class and answer questions by themselves.

The second question is "unique", "valuable" and "thoughtful".

This is because students have mastered general knowledge in the process of learning, and their thinking is quick, and they have found problems that other students have not noticed or considered. If they have time for class, they can take it as an extension of the course and enrich students' knowledge.

It can greatly improve students' learning enthusiasm.

The third category is that individual students ask questions, and if they have little to do with the questions they need to master, they will answer them in person.

View the fragments 1, ask questions by yourself and understand the meaning.

) 1) displays the prompt.

Refer to the comments and context and talk about the meaning of the article.

Use question marks to indicate incomprehensible statements.

) 2) Students teach themselves and tell the main idea of the text in their own words.

) 3) roll call communication, camera blame.

Premise 1: There is a Chinese curriculum standard called Dyson. I especially like it. The jade shaft of the kit is always free.

Guide students to understand the meaning of "axis" in different contexts and interpret the rhythm.

Default 2: This painting is also a bullfight.

In bullfighting, the force is in the horn and the tail twitches between the two strands. It's ridiculous to be caught in a tail war today.

Understand the meaning of "with tail between your legs".

It is easier to understand to show two cows.

Guide the rhythm of leadership.

By default, farming is a slave and weaving handmaiden.

The camera understands the meaning of "slave, handmaiden".

Fourth, using life-oriented teaching to help students understand that primary school students are still young and their thinking ability is not mature. Seeing problems mainly depends on thinking in images. The content of classical Chinese is simple and complicated, which makes it difficult for students to learn.

Using life-oriented teaching methods to connect classical Chinese with things around students can strengthen students' understanding of the text, stimulate students' interest in learning classical Chinese and effectively improve students' literary literacy.

The text of "Bullfighting Map" is easy to understand and the content is complex. If traditional teaching methods are adopted, it is difficult to understand the whole text and interest in learning classical Chinese will be lost.

In view of this situation, we can adopt life-oriented teaching methods and add obscure words and phrases in the text to our daily oral English. For example, how does Mr. Hou understand the "boys" in class? "A night of regret, this sentence is really a lot ...", and the little ancient Chinese imitation is consolidated with life.

In teaching, first create familiar sentences and previously learned sentences for students. The teacher said the last sentence, and the students said the next sentence. After that, have you seen similar sentences in students' life? You can ask questions while teaching. What does "speaking" mean in our life? What do you mean "you"? I want to ask the teacher to cook dinner for you in classical Chinese. This can make students get used to the expression of classical Chinese, eliminate their fear of Chinese learning, strengthen their understanding of classical Chinese, and effectively improve the quality and efficiency of classroom teaching.

Decentralized viewing transition: Who are the two protagonists in the article? (blackboard writing) Du Mutong) 1. Tip) Read the text freely, write Du's articles in straight lines, write the articles of the little shepherd boy in wavy lines, and then write their expressions in one or two languages.

Students teach themselves.

2. Facing the same "Dai Song painted a cow book" (bullfighting painting on the blackboard).

Is there any difference between Du and the little shepherd boy? Please speak in combination with the article.

3. Students report, communicate and share.

Default 1: Du in Shu, good at painting and calligraphy.

Dyson's "cow" axis has a jade axis, which I like very much. I have a trick and often do whatever I want.

Who reads, reads, writes and reads Du's articles? What word do you use to sum up Du's performance? Where is the expression of "like"? Guide the students to understand this favorite mood.

Default 2: This painting is also a bullfight.

If the bull fights, the strength is in the corner and the tail twitches between the two strands. It's unreasonable to turn your tail and hit now.

What do you mean by "male"? How does the little shepherd boy express himself to the cow? Who will read it? What words are used to express the performance of the little shepherd boy? (Smart and confident, innocent and lovely) Grasp the language, demeanor and movements of the shepherd boy, imagine the picture and understand the innocence and loveliness of the shepherd boy.

Instruct students to do the action of stress reading.

2. Teachers and students read the performance of Chu Shi and the shepherd boy in different roles.

Looking at this clever, confident, naive and lovely shepherd boy, what would Chu Shi say? What did the article say? 3. Hypothesis 3: Chu Shi is laughing.

) 1) understand this sentence.

) Chu Shi smiled, and the shepherd boy clapped his hands and smiled.

Can these two smiles be converted into two words for students to compare?

(3) Scene reappearance, imagining Du's manner, movements and language.

) Read the article describing Du and the little shepherd boy. It's interesting to read.

5. Strengthen the gradual oral expression, review and consolidate the classroom knowledge "Bullfighting Map", and put forward the following requirements for oral training. It is necessary to create various communication situations inside and outside the classroom so that every student can express himself in a language-blind way.

Creating situations and making students speak is an important language expression.

The real cultivation of students' language ability must rely on practice, but after the formation of oral communication ability, they will eventually return to practice.

Therefore, the cultivation of language ability must be combined with practice.

Spectacular fragment imagination-collection.

1. After knowing the content of this story, let's practice telling it.

What should we pay attention to when telling stories? Speed of speech, intonation, movements, etc. Add imagination (blackboard writing: imagination) and the story content will become rich.

2. In your own words, it is "them".

) 1) Students are free to practice telling stories.

) 2) Show by name and evaluate the exchange.

3. Say "I".

) 1) Next, from another angle, imagine yourself as a character in the story and talk more.

(2) Tip: My last name is Du. Known as du. I read a lot of books, but I don't want to be an official. ..... My biggest hobby is collecting calligraphy and painting. ..... "I" is a shepherd boy. I am a shepherd boy. When I came back from herding cattle today, I found Du's calligraphy and painting treasures hanging in the village. ..... "I" is Su Shi. I have heard such a story.

) 3) Choose one of the roles and practice speaking my words.

4) Tell stories and evaluate communication.

Sixth, expand the knowledge and strengthen the reading ability of classical Chinese. The proportion of classical Chinese in primary school Chinese textbooks is very small. So there is not much contact between classmates. After completing the text teaching, teachers can appropriately expand the teaching content, which can not only help students review and strengthen their teaching knowledge, but also strengthen their reading ability in classical Chinese. It can broaden students' horizons, increase students' reading, enable students to establish a knowledge framework of classical Chinese, master correct learning methods of classical Chinese, and improve the quality and efficiency of classroom teaching.

For example, after the completion of the Chinese curriculum standards, Mr. Hou encouraged students to read Dai Song Painting Cows independently, which can improve students' reading ability and cultivate their extracurricular reading habits.

Summary of clip viewing-1. Combine the meaning of this sentence and think about what the text tells us.

Exchange student 1: I think this story tells me not to be superstitious about authority.

Dyson was a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, but it doesn't mean that there is no problem with his paintings.

Health 2) My harvest is that when we encounter problems and puzzles, we should consult people who know what to do, instead of working behind closed doors.

"Serve the masses as slaves, weave the masses as maids", 360 lines, the best in the industry, you can ask people with special skills.

3) I always think that art comes from life. When painting, you must observe carefully and respect the facts.

As we wrote, sometimes we make up stories for the needs of stories. Although it is conceivable, sometimes writing is against common sense.

Health 4) Du humbly accepts the wrong attitude in the painting pointed out by the shepherd boy, which is worth learning. Although the shepherd boy is only a child, he is not angry because of what he said, but "laughs it off", which shows his cultivation.

2. Which word was used to write the author Su Shi's mood? Fishing-seeing a doctor-cooking-(This is something that experts in academic fields have practical knowledge.

Taking Shi Shuo Xin Yu as a clue, this paper wrote the story between Du and the shepherd boy, and finally revealed the truth of "plowing and asking handmaiden, weaving and asking handmaiden".

3. Reread the text and feel the simple beauty of classical Chinese.

Students are advised to read the articles in Bullfighting Picture and Shi Shuo Xin Yu, with concise language and simple methods. Focusing on Dai Song Painting Cows by Dyson, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, this paper describes Du and the shepherd boy, two characters with distinct personalities, tells an interesting story, and reveals the truth of "being slaves to each other, being slaves to each other".

This textbook can be divided into two parts. In the first paragraph, Du likes the art of calligraphy and painting and has a collection of many treasures.

This is the background and bedding of the story.

The second paragraph says that the shepherd boy found and pointed out the mistakes in the painting.

Among them, Chu Shi's burning of paintings is the beginning of the story, the shepherd boy finds and points out that mistakes are the development of the story, Chu Shi's smile is the climax and end of the story, and the end quotes old sayings to explain the truth of the story.

This article is short and pithy, but lively. The word "smile" has rich connotations. The shepherd boy's smile is naive and impolite, and Chu Shi's smile is humble and sincere in accepting opinions.

The life of art comes from life and art comes from life. Artists also need to learn from the working people with an open mind and observe life carefully.

The picture is very strong.

This course adopts the learning mode of "independence, cooperation and inquiry" for the students of Bullfighting Map, which embodies the leading role of teachers, "guidance without traction" and students' learning guidance, guidance, teaching methods and guided exercises.

The teacher's kind and natural classroom image creates a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere, and students dare to express themselves and are willing to express themselves. Teacher evaluation education brings happy learning emotional experience to every student through classroom teaching. The equal dialogue between teachers and students makes the feelings of teachers and students well integrated, and the learning content is lively.

As a teacher, I have rich cultural accumulation in China. The real Chinese classroom needs this democratic teaching style and good guiding skills to guide students into a situation where they want to learn, love learning and can learn.

Classical Chinese teaching clearly points out that "reading classical Chinese is easy" in the curriculum standard. Since the study of classical Chinese belongs to the category of reading, we must follow the basic laws and requirements of reading.

Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading is students' personalized behavior. Students' reading practice should not replace teachers' analysis, but should strengthen students' understanding and experience in positive thinking and emotional activities. " "We should cherish students' unique feelings, experiences and understanding. "

Under the background of the new curriculum, teachers should attach importance to Chinese teaching in primary schools, promote the promotion and inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional culture, improve students' reading ability and understanding ability, and cultivate students' comprehensive Chinese literacy.

In teaching, teachers use a variety of teaching methods, design effective classroom lead-in, carry out life-oriented classroom teaching, use multimedia-assisted teaching, appropriately expand students' knowledge, improve students' interest in learning classical Chinese, and lay a solid foundation for students to learn classical Chinese in the future.

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