Guangdong's measures to support rural cultural construction

Wuchuan's new rural construction started earlier, and 1053 eco-civilized villages were established successively, accounting for 66.4% of the total number of natural villages. Accelerating the cultural construction of new countryside in South Guangdong is an inherent requirement for Guangdong to build a well-off society in an all-round way and take the lead in basically realizing socialist modernization. It is also an effective way to build a new socialist countryside and meet the multi-level and multi-faceted spiritual needs of farmers. This paper analyzes the present situation of rural cultural construction and development in Guangdong, and puts forward some measures to speed up the rural cultural construction in Guangdong.

First, the necessity and feasibility of rural cultural construction in Guangdong

(1) Necessity

(2) Feasibility

Guangdong's agriculture has a history of more than 2000 years. Due to the lack of land resources and a large population, it has been known as "seven mountains, one water and two fields" since ancient times. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong's agricultural economy experienced several twists and turns: (1)1949-1957, which was the harvest period of Guangdong's agricultural production. Compared with 1949 in 1957, the total agricultural output value of Guangdong increased by 79%, with an average annual growth rate of 7%. (2) The period of1958-1961was a great retrogression of Guangdong's agricultural economy. Compared with 196 1 year, Guangdong's total agricultural output value decreased by 26% annually, which was an extremely difficult period for Guangdong's agricultural economy. (3) 1962—— 1965 is the recovery period of rural economy in Guangdong. From 1962 to 1965, the total agricultural output value of Guangdong increased at an average annual rate of 14%, and the agricultural economy recovered. (4) The period from1966 to 1978 was the second serious setback for Guangdong's agricultural economy. From 1966 to 1978, the total agricultural output value of Guangdong increased by only 2.8% annually.

After the reform and opening up, Guangdong took the lead and the agricultural economy developed rapidly. Especially since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, Guangdong has taken a series of important measures and boldly explored effective ways to accelerate the construction of new socialist countryside. In 2006, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, in accordance with the spirit of the Central Committee, combined with Guangdong's own reality, comprehensively deployed the work of building a new countryside. In April of the same year, the provincial party committee and the provincial government made the Decision on Accelerating the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside, and put forward the guiding ideology, basic principles, objectives, tasks and key tasks of accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside. Established the goal of building a new socialist countryside-according to the requirements of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management", the Pearl River Delta region should comprehensively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas; The eastern and western wings and mountainous areas in northern Guangdong should strengthen the development of county economy, develop characteristic agriculture and benefit agriculture, promote farmers' sustained income increase and promote the construction of new socialist countryside with different characteristics. After the reform, great changes have taken place in the vast rural areas, rural productivity has been greatly liberated and developed, and agricultural life has also been better improved. According to statistics, as of 2007, Guangdong's total agricultural economic output reached 28.21.1.9 billion yuan, and the annual per capita net income of farmers was 5,624.04 yuan. The rapid development of Guangdong's agricultural economy has laid a solid foundation for the development of rural cultural construction, and laid a solid economic foundation for accelerating the construction of new rural culture.

Second, the achievements and problems of rural cultural construction in Guangdong

(1) Achievements achieved

With the rapid development of rural economy in Guangdong, rural cultural construction is also developing gradually. While grasping the development of rural economy, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and provincial government have gradually realized the importance of accelerating the construction of rural culture in Guangdong. In 2003, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Government put forward the decision to speed up the construction of a cultural province. Later, a series of documents and related supporting policies were issued one after another. In April, 2006, the provincial party committee and the provincial government proposed to actively promote rural cultural construction in the Decision on Accelerating the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside. Create a generation of new farmers who are "literate, know technology and can manage". In 2009, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Guangdong Provincial People's Government issued the Opinions on Implementing the Spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Accelerate Rural Reform and Development, put forward the guiding ideology, objectives, tasks and basic requirements for accelerating rural reform and development in our province in the coming period, and formulated the per capita net income of farmers in Guangdong in 2020 1.8 million, basically forming urban-rural integration, and investing 30 billion yuan in rural development in four years. We will use policies such as market access, price adjustment, and fiscal and tax incentives to guide various market entities to actively develop rural cultural markets in the fields of publishing, film screening, cultural performances, and online services. Formulate economic policies to support rural cultural business units and individual operators, and simplify the registration and approval procedures for rural individual industrial and commercial households and private cultural enterprises. Support farmers to raise funds, organize themselves, be responsible for their own profits and losses, manage themselves, set up farmers' bookstores and film projection teams, and support the development of folk troupes. Encourage the development of paper-cutting, painting, ceramics, clay sculpture, sculpture, weaving and other folk arts and crafts projects with national traditions and regional characteristics, and support the development of rural folk arts and crafts industries. In these ten projects, it is proposed to comprehensively promote the project of benefiting the people through culture-that is, to increase investment, focusing on radio and television coverage, cultural information resources, township comprehensive cultural stations, rural film screenings, farmer's bookstores, etc. The promulgation of this series of policies and measures shows the determination of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government to accelerate the cultural construction of the new countryside in South Guangdong.

With the great attention of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, in recent years, Guangdong's rural cultural construction has shown a good development trend: (1) financial planning at all levels, the government has increased investment in special funds for rural areas, and public financial expenditures at all levels are more inclined to rural areas. (2) The rural public cultural service system was initially formed. In the rural cultural construction that benefits farmers, all localities actively explore, constantly innovate public cultural service methods, enhance service capabilities, and lay a solid cultural foundation for coordinated urban and rural development. Guangdong Province actively develops mobile cultural facilities such as mobile libraries, cultural centers and museums. To provide flexible and diverse services and extend cultural services to communities and rural areas. According to statistics, by June 2006, 34 counties and cities (districts) in Guangdong Province had established "mobile libraries" and distributed 380,000 copies of new books, computers and bookshelves. In 2007, "Guangdong Mobile Performance Service Network" performed more than 3,500 performances in the countryside, with more than 27 million visitors. In 2007, radio and television were vigorously promoted to enter villages and households, and radio and television "village-to-village communication" projects in more than 50 electrified natural villages were completed; Continue to implement the "2 13 1" project of rural film screening and the comprehensive cultural station project of villages and towns. By 2007, there were * * rural film screening teams 1.920, with about 1.058 million rural film screenings and 296 1.820 audiences, covering counties and townships 1. A four-level network of public cultural facilities at the provincial, city, county (district) and township (street) levels has basically been formed; The ability and level of urban and rural grassroots public cultural services have also reached a new level. There are 18 counties and cities (districts) in the whole province that have been rated as national culturally advanced counties and cities (districts). (3) Implement the cultural information resource sharing project, and gradually improve the rural digital cultural information service capacity and level. (4) Actively carry out rural mass cultural activities with local characteristics and promote the development of mass cultural activities. In cultural and artistic activities, many cultural and artistic activities with local characteristics have emerged. For example, the Red Clay Art Festival in Zhanjiang, the Hakka Folk Song Festival in Meizhou and the Overseas Chinese Art Festival in Jiangmen. (5) vigorously protect traditional culture. In recent years, the provincial party committee and government have vigorously carried out the protection of folk intangible cultural heritage, and formally and gradually established a scientific and effective inheritance mechanism of national folk cultural heritage. In 2004, Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture, Guangdong Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Guangdong Folk Writers Association officially launched the Guangdong Folk Cultural Heritage Protection and Rescue Project. In 2006, Guangdong Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center was established. By 2008, four batches of *** 124 counties, towns and villages had been named as "the hometown of folk art in Guangdong Province". Among them, 3 1 unit was named as "the hometown of folk culture and art in China" by the Ministry of Culture. Seven "Excellent Folk Artists in Guangdong Province" were awarded. (6) Deepening the reform of rural cultural system. Vigorously develop rural private culture, and encourage farmers to run their own cultural compound, cultural center households, cultural rooms, libraries, etc. ; Support folk professional troupes and rural amateur troupes; Actively guide and support the development of rural cultural intermediary organizations. Innovate the management and operation mechanism of rural grassroots cultural facilities. Strengthen the management of rural grassroots cultural facilities through contracting, leasing and entrustment.

(2) Existing problems

Although the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial people's government have formulated a series of policies and measures to promote rural cultural construction, Guangdong has also made good achievements in rural cultural construction and development. However, for a long time, the government's investment in rural cultural construction has lagged behind, which makes the present situation and development of rural culture in our province lag behind the overall progress of social undertakings. Compared with the remarkable economic achievements made in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the development of rural cultural construction in our province is relatively backward. This backward situation is mainly reflected in the unbalanced development of rural grassroots cultural construction, which is still far from the goal of accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside; The degree of cultural development can not meet the growing cultural needs of farmers and can not meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of farmers; The cultural consumption demand of rural farmers is insufficient, and the potential cultural consumption demand has not been effectively stimulated, which makes the spiritual life of farmers still linger at a low level. The overall performance is as follows:

1. Insufficient investment in rural cultural undertakings. In the past, because the government paid insufficient attention to rural cultural construction, it often paid too much attention to economic development and neglected cultural construction, resulting in a general shortage of funds. Coupled with the public welfare nature of cultural development, there is no ready-made return on cultural investment, resulting in limited capital investment in rural cultural undertakings; Rural taxes and fees are too low, which makes many rural areas, especially mountainous rural areas, unable to invest in cultural construction. Especially in the protection of cultural relics, due to the lack of protection funds, some rural folk cultural relics protection measures can not be better implemented; The funds for township cultural activities can not be guaranteed, and it is difficult to carry out rural cultural activities effectively for a long time.

2. Rural cultural infrastructure lags behind local economic development. Some public cultural facilities are weak in construction, with low scientific and technological content and lack of modern scientific and technological support, and the degree of modernization is far from meeting the needs of the masses.

3. Cultural activities are monotonous and lack of cultural awareness. On the one hand, due to the monotony of rural cultural activities, farmers have insufficient understanding of cultural and sports activities, which is far from "rural civilization"; On the other hand, the new cultural consciousness brought by market economy collides with the traditional cultural consciousness of farmers, which affects the traditional customs in rural areas. Many original rural folk cultural activities are shrinking, and some folk cultural activities even lose their content and form. At the same time, in the rapid social change, all kinds of vulgar and negative cultures also take advantage of it, eroding the pure and excellent traditional culture in rural areas; Some cultures lag behind and even distort farmers' cultural values.

4. The development of rural cultural market is not perfect, and the cultural consumption demand of rural farmers is insufficient.

Judging from the above phenomenon, the task we face is still very arduous. In view of the problems existing in the construction and development of rural culture, effective measures should be taken to accelerate the construction of rural culture in Guangdong.

Third, the countermeasures and suggestions of rural cultural construction in Guangdong

(A) increase government input and support to speed up the construction of rural culture in Guangdong.

Guangdong rural cultural construction needs both policy support and strong government support. It is necessary to increase the investment and support of government funds, set up special funds for rural cultural construction and development, and make more special funds flow to rural cultural construction; It is necessary to further adjust the allocation of resources, improve the investment standard of rural finance in cultural undertakings according to local conditions, adhere to the government's leadership, use administrative control means, and give play to the role of market mechanism. Use these two hands to promote the rational allocation of resources between urban and rural areas; Strengthen the construction of rural public cultural infrastructure, effectively protect farmers' basic cultural rights and interests, and build a perfect rural public cultural service system; Vigorously develop cultural facilities and places for cultural activities in counties, towns and villages, and form a more perfect rural public cultural service network.

(2) Emancipate the mind, renew ideas and provide farmers with high-quality cultural products.

Without new ideas, there can be no new ideas; Without new ideas, there can be no new initiatives; Without new measures, there can be no new achievements. Today, the political and economic situation at home and abroad is constantly developing and changing, and the external environment and internal mechanism of rural areas in Guangdong have also undergone great changes. Therefore, only by boldly emancipating the mind can we renew our ideas and actively accept new things; Only in this way can we adapt to the new situation and its needs and keep up with the process of economic development. We should take enriching farmers' spiritual and cultural needs as the starting point and the end result of promoting rural cultural construction. It is necessary to increase the inclination of cultural resources to rural areas, combine "sending" culture with "planting" culture, and actively carry out cultural activities that farmers love. Provide high-quality cultural products and services for rural areas. In recent years, some cultural institutions in Guangdong have begun useful attempts. For example, the New Culture and Broadcasting Bureau of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province changed its working ideas, increased the inclination of cultural resources to rural areas, and actively organized various cultural activities through the combination of "sending" culture and "planting" culture, and achieved remarkable results.

(3) Make full use of overseas Chinese capital to speed up the construction of rural public cultural service system in Guangdong.

To accelerate the construction of rural culture in Guangdong, we should not only adhere to the principle of "giving more, taking less and letting loose", strengthen policy regulation, but also give full play to the role of market mechanism and actively develop rural cultural undertakings and cultural industries. It is necessary to encourage all social forces to actively participate and explore new ways, channels and ways to build a rural public cultural service system with diversified investment. Rural cultural construction is the cause of the whole society, which needs the enthusiastic attention and extensive participation of all forces. Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese from Guangdong are distributed in five continents 165 countries and regions, accounting for about two-thirds of the total overseas Chinese in China. Most overseas Chinese in Guangdong have deep feelings for their ancestral home and hometown. They are willing to donate money to run schools in their hometown and care about public welfare undertakings in their hometown. Therefore, we should give full play to the advantages of the hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong and encourage overseas Chinese to invest in cultural construction. As for the investment cost and income, investors can sign investment income with local rural areas, which will be transformed into rural cultural undertakings and cultural industries, thus speeding up the construction of rural public cultural service system in Guangdong.

(4) Pay equal attention to inheritance and development, and extensively develop culture and art with rural characteristics in Guangdong.

To speed up the construction of rural culture in Guangdong, we should not only base ourselves on the present, but also focus on the future. It is necessary to intensify the reform of the existing cultural system, gradually rationalize and innovate the system to better serve the needs and development of rural culture, and at the same time, effectively use the existing rural cultural resources and greatly release cultural vitality. On the one hand, we should take the unique local culture in rural areas of Guangdong as the main connotation, adjust measures to local conditions, fully tap local living materials, integrate local literary and artistic forces, give full play to our unique advantages, and establish Xinxiang village culture that modern farmers need; On the other hand, there should be more popular literary and artistic works suitable for popularization among the rural masses, and efforts should be made to develop mass cultural activities that the peasants like to see and hear, so as to meet the multi-level and multi-faceted spiritual and cultural needs of the peasants; It is necessary to inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional folk culture and abandon the backward cultural dross; It is necessary to get rid of the bad atmosphere in some rural areas and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of farmers to participate in cultural activities; Use radio, television, newspapers, propaganda teams, literary performance teams, science and technology propaganda teams and other forms to strengthen the spread speed and coverage of advanced culture in rural areas, so that Socialism with Chinese characteristics's advanced culture can occupy rural positions. In some places in Guangdong, the culture and art with rural characteristics have been vividly and effectively developed. For example, Maoming attaches great importance to the promotion and development of excellent rural culture and art, and makes full use of this advantage to advocate healthy cultural activities and enhance cultural taste. Maoming's folk art exhibition has been widely praised by society. Zhongshan City has made remarkable achievements in advocating civilized and healthy lifestyles and social customs in rural areas and strengthening ideological and moral education for rural farmers. At present, 20 of the 24 township cultural stations in Zhongshan City have been rated as provincial-level special-grade stations, and 4 have been rated as provincial-level cultural stations, making it the first prefecture-level city in the province to reach the standards above the provincial level.

(5) Vigorously cultivate the rural cultural market and promote the construction of the rural cultural market.

Culture is a productive force and a new sunrise industry. The development of rural culture must have a platform to promote its development. The market is a place for cultural flow and exchange, and also a platform for cultural collision. Under the situation that the rural economy is becoming more and more market-oriented, it is urgent to establish and cultivate the cultural market. We must take the development of rural cultural market as the breakthrough of rural cultural construction and vigorously cultivate the rural cultural market in Guangdong; Mobilize all kinds of social forces, such as the government encouraging farmers and urban entrepreneurs to set up cultural industries in rural areas, encouraging farmers to set up cultural industries with their own funds, and giving preferential treatment such as tax reduction and exemption to help the rise, development and growth of rural cultural industries. At the same time, we should vigorously support the development of cultural projects with folk culture as the main content, and take the development of folk culture industry as the pillar industry of local economy to cultivate and develop; Vigorously develop rural material and cultural tourism resources, and combine rural cultural activities with local tourism culture, such as developing folk customs with local cultural characteristics. This is not only beneficial to the construction of rural culture, but also to the development of local rural economy. It is more conducive to expanding and promoting the spiritual enjoyment of farmers' cultural consumption and promoting the establishment of rural cultural markets.