Significance of Protecting Cultural Heritage _ How to Protect and Principles

In a word, protecting historical and cultural heritage is of great significance. Protect historical and cultural heritage and benefit future generations. The following is the relevant information about the significance of protecting cultural heritage that I have compiled and shared. Welcome to read!

The Significance of Protecting Cultural Heritage

In the process of globalization and modernization, cultural heritage has been violently impacted by social transformation, and some of them are facing extinction. Many nation-states have gradually lost their autonomy and sense of identity in culture and become spiritual? Wanderer? . Only by identifying and analyzing cultural heritage and exploring its cultural information and significance can we continuously strengthen our recognition of our national culture, cast the national spirit of the new era and support the spiritual pillar of people in modern society. Therefore, the scientific implementation of cultural heritage protection is an inevitable cultural demand for modern countries to publicize their national spirit and realize independent and sustainable development.

Keeping pace with the times and protecting China's heritage.

Cultural heritage is the precipitation and crystallization created by ancestors. It is engraved with the code of a nation's cultural life, and contains its unique spiritual mechanism, way of thinking, imagination and cultural consciousness, which is the basic basis for maintaining cultural identity and cultural sovereignty. The essence of human beings is to construct a cultural world through creative practice. Looking at the culture at a certain moment means looking at a certain group formed by the previous culture? Cultural heritage? , that is, a living cultural model. Cultural heritage is the information base of human activities and the picture scroll of human civilization.

Cultural heritage not only has historical value, but also contains some enlightenment to the future development trend. Protecting cultural heritage embodies human subjectivity, intersubjectivity and historical consciousness in the cultural sense.

After mankind entered the modern society, the process of social modernization accelerated, which seriously impacted the protection of cultural heritage. The modern transformation of traditional society has caused a sharp contradiction with the protection of cultural heritage, and economic globalization has hindered the prosperity of cultural diversity. However, the consciousness of modernity also promotes the protection of world cultural heritage.

1972 1 16 10 In October, the UNESCO General Conference adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, making the protection of cultural heritage a direct global action. This document divides the world heritage into two categories: nature and culture. Cultural heritage refers to all kinds of cultural relics, buildings and sites with outstanding universal value from the perspective of history, art, science or aesthetics, ethnology and anthropology. Natural heritage refers to various natural features, geological and natural geographical structures with outstanding universal value from the perspective of aesthetics, science and protection, as well as natural areas clearly divided into threatened animal and plant ecological areas and natural scenic spots. Natural heritage also has full cultural significance and can be regarded as cultural heritage in a broad sense.

On June 65438+1October 65438+July 2003, the 32nd General Conference of UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, which divided the narrow sense of cultural heritage into two categories: material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. The former is a cultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value; Who is the latter? Various social customs, ideas, expressions, knowledge and skills, as well as related tools, articles, handicrafts and cultural sites, which are regarded by various communities, groups and sometimes even individuals as part of their cultural heritage? .

During the period of 1987, the Great Wall, the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit in Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum and the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang were listed as world cultural heritages for the first time. In the same year, Taishan Scenic Area was selected as the first batch of world cultural and natural heritage in China. From 65438 to 0992, Jiuzhaigou, Wulingyuan and Huanglong scenic spots were listed as world natural heritage. 1996, Lushan was rated as a world cultural landscape; 200 1 Kunqu Opera was designated as the intangible cultural heritage of mankind by the United Nations for the first time? The value and significance of these cultural heritages in China have been recognized and praised by the world. Among them, Mogao Grottoes obtained? Pearl of oriental art? Jiuzhaigou is called? Fairy tale world? Is there a Terracotta Warriors Pit in Qin Shihuang Mausoleum? The eighth wonder of the world? Is the reputation of Kunqu Opera China's? Father and teacher of various plays? . In July 2004, the 28th World Heritage Conference was held in Suzhou, China. At that time, China had 30 world heritages, which was the top three countries with the largest number of world cultural heritages after Spain and Italy. Since China joined the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1985, there have been 37 representatives of the World Heritage. Among them, there are 23 cultural heritages, 5 natural heritages, 4 cultural and natural heritages, 4 cultural landscapes 1 and 4 intangible cultural heritages.

China's heritage protection has entered a new stage. First, the state attaches great importance to it. On February 8, 2006, the State Council issued the Notice on the Protection of Cultural Heritage. Second, the whole people began to know each other. Become the second Saturday of June every year? China Heritage Day? . Third, the organization has been established. China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center was formally established in September this year 14. Fourth, a special law is brewing. China's intangible cultural heritage protection law has been included in the legislative plan in 2007. The protection of China's heritage has been carried out in depth, and the government has invested a lot of manpower and material resources. With the active efforts of professionals and the public, the protection of cultural heritage has become a steadily developing cause. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the publicity of China's heritage protection.

Promoting the protection of cultural heritage is conducive to displaying the long history and culture of the Chinese nation and inspiring the national spirit.

China culture and civilization is a unique landscape in the history of world civilization. Stretching for 5,000 years, it is profound and has tenacious vitality and self-renewal ability. In the history of thousands of years of civilization development, the Chinese nation has created an extremely splendid culture and made great contributions to world culture. For example, in sports culture, ancient Greek and western cultures gave birth to the Olympic Movement, while China's traditional competitive sports such as Tai Ji Chuan, martial arts and acrobatics? Cuju? 、? Bok？ It embodies the basic ideas of China's traditional culture, such as the cosmology of harmony between man and nature, philosophical movements and thoughts, attaching importance to harmonious ethics, and the creed of vigorous progress and self-improvement. It is this cultural heritage that strengthens the position of the Chinese nation in the history of world sports. It is with this spiritual wealth that China has a trump card in bidding for the Olympic Games.

China is rich in cultural heritage resources. According to the figures released by the Ministry of Culture not long ago, there are nearly 400,000 immovable cultural relics and more than 20 million movable cultural relics registered in Chinese mainland. There are 2,352 national key cultural relics protection units and 3 historical and cultural cities 103. These cultural heritages reflect the profound civilization of the Chinese nation and its great contribution to human culture, and set the style of the Chinese nation from generation to generation.

By protecting the cultural heritage of our country, tracing back the wisdom and creativity of our ancestors and examining the history and future of Chinese civilization, we can enhance our national self-confidence, pride and sense of urgency to keep pace with the times, stimulate our national will and inspire our national spirit. To publicize and protect the national cultural heritage is to show the glorious cultural creation of the Chinese nation in history, to show China's mental outlook in the process of modernization, and to hold high the spiritual banner of China people in the world.

Promoting the protection of cultural heritage is conducive to showing Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization road.

Social modernization and economic globalization are irreversible development trends in the world today. This is the performance of human progress under the dual effects of scientific and technological revolution and market economy mechanism. However, modernization and globalization have not brought perfect world harmony. At first, they advocated western cultural centralism and sought a westernized world system. The main theoretical viewpoints here are: tradition and? Modern? Unrelated and diametrically opposed; The overall development trend of society is to evolve towards modernization along the same straight road; Developing countries can speed up their own progress through exchanges with developed societies; Western developed countries are the highest stage in the development sequence, and their historical experience shows the road to modernity. 1

In practice, driven by its economic strength, the western strong culture is expanding outward day by day, fueling the weak culture, infiltrating values into backward countries, spreading the theory of national cultural superiority, and distorting the scientific view of history and development.

By preserving, sorting out, recording and analyzing the world cultural heritage, considering the vitality and life continuation mode of different nationalities and cultures, and comparing the characteristics, dimensions and functions of various cultural models, we can give them a reasonable position in the coordinates of modernization and globalization, promote the peaceful coexistence and mutual reference of various cultures, and advocate the pluralistic, harmonious and developed cultural concepts and civilized relations.

In terms of cultural heritage, the international understanding of cultural heritage has generally gone through three stages. In the first stage, people understood the cultural heritage in the sense of nationalism and closely combined it with the nation-state and national identity, and cultural heritage became one of the manifestations of political identity. In the second stage, people began to transcend the position of national and national identity, adjust the relationship between cultural nationalism and cultural globalism, and turn to the understanding of the cultural heritage of the world and all mankind. In the third stage, after recognizing the theoretical defects and practical harm of cultural centralism, multiculturalism rose. People realize that no matter what characteristics a culture has, there must be some elements enjoyed by human beings. The diverse cultures produced in the history of different cultures and social systems are an important source of enlightening people's thoughts and promoting the development of civilization.

Cultural patterns determine the different development paths of each nation and country, and different development paths are reflected through cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is manifested in different modernization modes in modern society, so different modernization modes have a profound historical and cultural foundation. This profound historical and cultural foundation is reflected in the existing cultural heritage. Protecting cultural heritage means connecting with the development path of our nation and showing our own characteristics.

To publicize the protection of cultural heritage is to explain to the world the characteristics of China's modernization road and cultural features. In China, this will stop at publicizing and protecting cultural heritage, and show the cultural details of our socialist modernization and peaceful development.

Publicizing the protection of cultural heritage is conducive to showing the Scientific Outlook on Development of China.

As the symbol carrier of human history and civilization, cultural heritage is an objective record of human activities in its primitive times, which is scarce, unique and non-renewable. Cultural heritage must be effectively protected so that human civilization can continue. However, ignoring or even destroying cultural heritage for the sake of economic development has occurred frequently.

Five 1996 listed in the Human Development Report? Growth without development? In the phenomenon of rootless growth (rootless? Growth (that is, economic growth that destroys culture and reduces people's quality of life) and no future growth (that is, economic growth that causes resource and environmental pollution and ecological damage) are criticisms of the practice of blindly sacrificing the environment (historical and humanistic environment) to reduce people's quality of life in exchange for economic growth, regardless of the protection of cultural heritage. How to protect cultural heritage and how to coordinate with economic development is becoming a worldwide problem.

China recognized the value of cultural heritage earlier and strengthened its protection and collection. After the founding of New China, the cultural heritage protection system has formed a multi-level system, focusing on the protection of cultural relics (later adding the protection of historical and cultural cities as an important content), and then turning to historical and cultural protection areas. At present, China is vigorously building a cultural heritage protection system, including a set of measures in terms of technology and legal system, with the aim of handling the relationship between history and development.

The most valuable heritage of cultural heritage is that its subject and expression coexist, so people can see a phenomenon of cultural life intuitively and uniformly? Living culture. People can understand the meaning and value of cultural heritage through dialogue, communication, participation, experience and learning with inheritors, and get real feelings, education and insights from it.

? The essence of historical spirit lies not in mending the past, but in thinking communication with real life. ? This is the basic social function of cultural heritage industry in an ideal state, and it is also the significance that we must protect its authenticity. The purpose of protection is to develop, to make human life happier and to create more and more advanced civilization. This is also the proper meaning of China's current advocacy of Scientific Outlook on Development.

Using Scientific Outlook on Development to guide the protection of cultural heritage is to correctly estimate the natural damage degree of cultural heritage, correctly calculate the reasonable bearing capacity of the environment, correctly evaluate the technical requirements for excavating cultural heritage, protect and utilize cultural heritage in a planned, scientific and reasonable way, and make cultural heritage protection promote economic development. In this way, we can publicize the protection of China's heritage and intuitively show the world Scientific Outlook on Development like us.

Promoting the protection of cultural heritage is conducive to showing China's harmonious ethnic relations and international relations.

The relatively stable existence form of culture is cultural mode, and the main body of cultural mode is a specific nation. China is a multi-ethnic country, and ethnic relations can be embodied in cultural relations. Through the protection and development of cultural heritage, the exchange and integration of multi-ethnic cultures in China can be reproduced, thus reflecting the multi-ethnic and international cultural origin of China.

Unesco announced the third batch? Masterpieces of oral and intangible heritage of mankind? Yes,? China Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art? And then what? Mongolian long-tune folk songs? On the list. The former is distributed in 19 countries and regions in Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and North Africa. As the crystallization of the cultural exchange of music and dance between the East and the West, it records and confirms the history of the mutual exchange and blending of music and dance cultures of different groups. ? Mongolian long-tune folk songs? It bears the history of the Mongolian nation and is a symbolic display of its production, life and spiritual character. As an existing cross-border cultural form, it is the first cultural heritage project jointly declared by China and foreign countries, and it is the common spiritual wealth of the Chinese and Mongolian people.

At present, the five Central Asian countries have expressed their willingness? The Silk Road? As a joint declaration of cultural heritage protection projects. ? The Silk Road? It starts from Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), the ancient capital of China in the east, with a territory of more than 4,000 kilometers, and goes directly to Europe via South Asia and Central Asia in the west, with a total length of more than 7,000 kilometers. It is an important bridge to communicate ancient economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, connecting ancient China culture, Indian culture, Persian culture, Arabian culture and ancient Greek and Roman culture. Along this passage, China's papermaking, printing and gunpowder spread to the west, while western mathematics, medicine and astronomy were introduced to China. For such an important one? Cultural route? Protection should be strengthened. The Silk Road? Entering the world cultural heritage list should be deserved. Officials of the UNESCO World Heritage Center also said that the world heritage of universal significance to mankind should transcend national boundaries.

Promoting communication, understanding, cooperation and trust between China and the world through cultural exchanges with foreign countries is an important duty of external publicity. Publicity and protection of cultural heritage is also a task to promote cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. What has the State Council Press Office done in recent years? Perceive China? The theme activities introduced a large number of outstanding cultural arts and cultural heritages of China to the public all over the world. Among them, there are the most precious cultural relics in China, such as musical instrument chimes, Qingzhou stone carvings and bronze art, as well as traditional China arts such as Beijing opera costumes, national costumes and arts and crafts, as well as performing arts such as kung fu, drama, music, dance, acrobatics and social fire. ? Shaolin kungfu? 、? Yunnan image? 、? Cappella, Inner Mongolia? 、? National costumes of past dynasties? Have you ever participated in such a famous program? Perceive China? Theme activities. This not only shows China's precious cultural heritage and rich traditional culture, but also promotes the international understanding of China and the development of friendly relations between China and foreign countries.

Methods and principles of historical and cultural heritage protection

1. Keep intact (frozen)? Principle of authenticity

Well-preserved, maintaining the authenticity of history and culture. This is the standard advocated by the United Nations. General cultural relics should be well preserved.

2. repair the old as before? Repair it carefully

What should I do to repair incomplete buildings (ancient relics)? Keep the old as it is, so as to preserve its truth? . The Venice Charter puts forward two principles of restoration recognized by all countries in the world:

? The restoration and filling part must be integrated with the original part to keep the landscape harmonious and consistent, which will help to restore but not reduce its artistic value, historical value, scientific value and information value;

? The added part must be different from some parts, so that people can distinguish between historical and contemporary additions and safeguard the historicity of cultural relics. [ 1]

In addition, reinforcement and maintenance should be as little as possible, which is the principle of necessity.

Rebuild carefully

Some very important historical buildings were destroyed for some reason. Because they are important local characteristics and signs, it is necessary to rebuild them if conditions permit. The reconstruction is unforgettable.

However, the reconstruction must be cautious and verified by experts, because the reconstruction will inevitably lose the authenticity of history, spend a lot of money and destroy the relics. In more cases, it is more valuable to preserve the remains.

4. Use without destroying the heritage.

The use of historical and cultural heritage is based on the premise of not destroying the heritage, and it is best to continue the original use method. It can also be used as a museum and tourist attraction to be careful to prevent damage.

5. Maintain the pattern characteristics of historical blocks and ancient cities.

Focus on protecting the plane layout, azimuth axis, road skeleton and river network of historical blocks and ancient cities.

6. Protect the characteristic architectural style

Protect the characteristic architectural style, including style, height, volume, material, color, plane layout and the relationship with surrounding buildings. Control the appropriate building scale? Height and volume are very important. Remember that the present is different from the present, and it doesn't require much height.

7. Protect the historical environment

Things are inseparable from their environment, and they cannot exist without the environment. The significance of historical and cultural genetic environment is more important. Important, distinctive and historically related topography, landforms, gardens and metallurgy, water bodies, flowers and trees and their characteristics should be protected.

8. Uncertain ancient towns, villages, streets and buildings should not be demolished for the time being.

Many remote places, especially mountainous rural areas, ancient towns, ancient villages, ancient streets and ancient buildings, are not key cultural relics protection units, but they are also historical and cultural heritage with considerable value. The local people don't know if they have the financial resources and opportunities to ask experts for appraisal. It is best not to dismantle this situation for the time being, so as not to cause regret, and then deal with it according to the situation after being demonstrated by experts.

9. Do a good job in the protection planning of historical and cultural ancient cities and historical and cultural lots.

Planning is dominant, protection must be based on planning, and planning must go ahead. If you have a plan, you should protect it according to the plan.

Six Trends of Cultural Heritage Protection

The first is the protection factor.

Cultural relics protection only protects cultural elements, and cultural heritage also protects the cultural landscape where cultural relics and natural elements coexist. Since ancient times, China has advocated the unity of man and nature, so there are a lot of cultural crystallization created by culture and nature, and by man and nature.

The second is the protection of cultural heritage.

Cultural relics protection is often static, and ancient sites and temples, including the Great Wall of Wan Li, are static, while cultural heritage should also protect those dynamic and living places, such as places where people live. Because cultural heritage does not mean lifeless and unchangeable, it can be full of life and contribute to today. For example, the water towns and ethnic villages in the south of the Yangtze River are all protected today.

The third is the spatial scale of protection.

Cultural relics protection is often only about protecting a bridge, a tower, an ancient architectural complex, a village and a city, but the scale and courage of cultural heritage protection are even greater, including large sites and cultural routes, such as the desert Silk Road. UNESCO hopes that the government of China will take the lead in driving the Silk Road, the world's largest cultural heritage project, to declare the World Heritage, including the Buddhist Silk Road, the Desert Silk Road, the Oasis Silk Road and the grassland.

The fourth is the time scale of protection.

Cultural relics protection used to attach importance to ancient cultural relics, and later began to attach importance to modern historical relics, but cultural heritage should also attach importance to the protection of contemporary cultural relics, because the changes in the past 100 years are more dramatic than the sum of the changes in the past 1000 years, but the things left over from life and work in the past 100 years often disappear faster, and people think it is very ordinary, ordinary and popular. For example, in the 1920s and 1930s, the brand of peasant associations reflected the cultural phenomenon of people's communes. Now, two pieces have been found all over the country. Whoever wants the third item in the family is a national treasure.

Fifth, attach importance to the protection of folk cultural heritage.

In the past, the protection of cultural relics often focused on the protection of palaces, temples, churches and memorial buildings, but today's cultural heritage protection should also focus on the protection of folk cultural heritage. For example, Fujian Tulou has been listed as a World Heritage Site.

Sixth, pay attention to the protection of intangible elements.

Cultural relics protection protects material cultural relics, and cultural heritage also protects intangible elements, especially the cultural landscape generated by both material and intangible elements. Traditional tools, techniques and materials are organized and repaired by local people, which has three advantages: first, local people will be very careful in repairing their own production and living facilities, because they need them, and they are not for the purpose of making money; Second, their lives can be improved by working for the dole; Third, through these repairs, these traditional technologies have been greatly popularized and passed down.

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