What are the customs and habits in Tibet?

Tibetan customs and habits are one of the historical and cultural traditions formed and inherited in the long-term social and historical development process, and they are the reflection of Tibetan social history, politics, economy, psychological quality and cultural life. The contents and forms of Tibetan customs are very extensive, and there are many differences between different regions. Here are just a few main aspects.

1, basic necessities of life

Yi and Tibetan costumes are colorful and have regional differences. Tibetan robe is the most common dress in Tibet, with a wide body and wide sleeves. In agricultural areas, robes, or woolen cloth, satin, cotton cloth, etc. are often used. Pastoral areas wear leather clothes and materials. Tibetan robes are usually decorated with colored satin or otter skin at the collar, cuffs, lapels and hem. Women in rural areas wear sleeveless robes in summer. Tibetan robes are particularly long, so they should be lifted at the waist and tied around the waist with a belt. In hot weather or at work, you can expose your right arm or arms as needed, and then put them on if necessary. When you sleep at night, it is convenient and practical to untie your belt and take off your double sleeves, half covering and half covering. There is a shirt under the Tibetan robe. Men are used to pure white, yellow, Chu and other colors; Women wear all kinds of bright colors and wear colorful "country names" around their waists. Sleeves are long and usually tied up. When there is a party for entertainment, colorful sleeves are waving and colorful. This is the so-called long-sleeved dance! There are many kinds of Tibetan hats. Generally speaking, men and women wear wool hats and gold hats, and pastoral areas also like to wear fox fur hats. Tibetans are used to wearing boots, the soles of which are mostly cowhide, and the boots are embroidered with various colorful patterns, which are beautiful and generous. Jewelry is mostly precious jewelry such as gold and silver products, pine cones, amber, agate, jade, pearls and ivory. Women's headdresses have different styles, the most famous of which are "Ba Zhu" and "Ba Guo". Braided with gold, silver, pearls and jade, wearing "Kawu" (Buddha box for protection), earrings, necklaces, bracelets, rings, etc. On holidays, women's dresses are colorful, jingling and beautiful. Men still wear swords and earrings bracelets. In the old society, vulgar officials had official uniforms made according to official ranks, and monks had robes worn according to monk rules, which were strictly hierarchical. Nowadays, in Tibet, while maintaining traditional costumes, various styles of sportswear, suits, jackets, down jackets, travel shoes and sports shoes are also popular, and the fashion of clothing is quietly changing.

Eating Tibetan food is an integral part of China's food culture. Tibetan cuisine is good at diversified cooking of yak meat, mutton, dairy products, highland barley and potatoes. Dishes are mainly stewed, braised, simmered, steamed, boiled, fried and baked, paying attention to softness, rotten, crisp and tender, with the aim of maintaining the original flavor. Steaming, boiling and frying are the most common cakes. There are both high-end food and popular meals; Traditionally, silverware and high-grade porcelain produced in the mainland are high-grade tableware, and wooden tableware is widely used. There are many kinds of main and non-staple foods in Tibetan food. At present, the most common products are stewed chicken with Cordyceps sinensis, beef with Cordyceps sinensis, fried lamb chops, roast leg of lamb, air-dried meat, crispy steak, blood sausage, Lamian Noodles sausage, raw meat sauce, curry potatoes, stewed beef with radish, hand-grabbed mutton, beef steamed dumplings, steamed beef buns with soup, dry licking, potato steamed buns and curry rice. The representative variety of Tibetan food, Ciba, is that the whole highland barley is fried and ground into powder, screened or not, and the wheat is mellow, diverse and convenient to eat. Famous wines in Tibet include not only traditional highland barley wine, butter tea, sweet tea, milk tea, fresh yak milk and yogurt brewed from yak milk, but also Yaowangshan brand beer (traditionally called Lhasa beer) produced from pure groundwater and natural mineral water with different trace elements in Tibet. Butter tea is a kind of beverage for making butter, tea juice and salt (sometimes eggs, walnuts, etc.). ) fully blend to quench thirst and produce fluid. Highland barley wine is a low-alcohol beverage brewed by direct fermentation of highland barley, which is similar to rice wine brewed in the mainland, sweet and sour. Sweet tea is made of black tea, fresh milk or milk powder and white sugar, which is sweet and delicious.

Traditional houses living in Tibet can be roughly divided into tent type, bunker type, dry column type and upstairs and downstairs type. Tents are traditional dwellings in Tibetan pastoral areas, which are divided into many types according to materials, uses, shapes and specifications, among which the most important and common is the ox hair tent. Cattle hair tent is made of yak hair fabric, which is thick and can withstand wind and rain. Usually, a beam and two poles are used to support the middle, the four sides are pulled out to a suitable height, and the feet of the tent are fixed with piles, horns and the like, and you are done. It can be dismantled or supported in less than half an hour. Inside the tent, the stove is vertically located in the center, and there are many simple Buddhist niches behind it. Wheat, highland barley, ghee and milk residue piled on one side of the niche are built into a low wall; On the other side are bedding, suitcases and robes. After entering the account, the right side is the upper seat and the welcoming place. With the development of the times and the improvement of herdsmen's life, there are more and more settlements marked by folk houses in Tibetan pastoral areas. In the old city of Lhasa, the old houses are mainly stone blockhouses. Most of these bunkers are flat-topped buildings with patios in the middle, rooms around them and corridors along the border. The appearance is trapezoidal, and the thickness of the lower stone wall is 1 m. The roof is a platform where people often worship, entertain, walk and overlook the scenery. Once a noble mansion, the main building was 3 to 4 stories high; Most of the houses have two or three floors, and three or five households or even dozens of households live in a yard. In wet and rainy places such as Medog, Bomi and Milin. All the houses adopt dry fence structure, and the floor is more than one meter from the ground. The pattern is square, the door faces east, the window faces west and there is a balcony outside the door. Near the forest area, wooden houses are mostly built with logs, and there are also stone walls below, covered with boards, and many stones are often pressed on the roof. In Parry, it is popular to build flat houses with stones, black tiles and white walls. The most common residential forms in western, central, northern and northeastern Tibet are buildings above and buildings below, all with flat roofs. Resettlement houses built in Tibetan pastoral areas in recent years also belong to this category. There are many bungalows but few buildings. There are mainly two kinds of walls: stone walls and slab walls. Due to different local conditions and conditions, the scale of such houses is also different, and the degree of simplicity and complexity is also different. In addition, with the improvement of people's living standards, with Lhasa as the representative, a new type of residential building with independent courtyards and flowers planted around houses has become popular in towns and suburbs in eastern and southern Tibet, which tourists call garden villa architecture. There are bungalows and buildings with beautiful styles, bright colors, spacious and comfortable, good lighting, complete water supply and drainage and power supply systems, which not only maintain the characteristics of traditional Tibetan residential buildings, but also innovate, so they are popular and increasing day by day.