What does family culture mean?

Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Home is home. Keep your voice, understand words, and take the shape of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The top is "mián", which means it is related to houses, and the bottom is "tapir", that is, pigs. In ancient times, productivity was low, and people raised pigs at home, so having pigs at home became a symbol of others. Original meaning: house, residence.

Family culture generally refers to a cultural system based on the existence and activities of the family (family), characterized by the recognition and strengthening of the family (family), paying attention to the continuity and harmony of the family (family) and emphasizing the obedience of the individual to the whole. Family culture can promote family unity and form a positive, optimistic and upward attitude towards life. Therefore, family culture is not only a good cultural atmosphere, but also a spiritual support. The basic elements of family culture mainly include: family, clan, family style, family training, family rules, genealogy, family education and so on.

Historical background

The formation of family culture can be traced back to ancient times. In primitive society, people had to rely on group life to survive. The earliest organization is a clan tribe composed of blood relationship, which is the embryonic form of "family". After tens of thousands of years, it gradually evolved into a war between tribes for food. It is the family that plays the biggest role in this process. Family is the basic guarantee of human survival and development, and the matrilineal clan has been transformed into paternal clan, which is the fundamental reason. The matriarchal clan dominated by women can not make the family develop rapidly, only the paternal society can develop rapidly, and this blood family relationship maintains and forms the home of the primitive tribe. During the period of Huangdi, Huangdi defeated Chiyou with the strength of his family, formed an alliance of tribes and established a national tribal alliance system. From then on, Huangdi, the biggest "parent" in the world, unified the management of the world, formulated family rules and family instructions, and then formed the earliest family cultural system.

Subsequently, in the process of the rise of Confucianism represented by Confucius, the family cultural thought of "one family under the heaven" was further refined in ethics and morality, which provided reasonable ideological theory and theoretical support for the family management system, thus enriching the family cultural thought and supplementing the family cultural belief and management thought. After thousands of years of development, combined with Confucian ethics, China's unique family culture system, such as family rules, family education, family training, family style and so on. , has been formed and passed down from generation to generation! While western countries pursue everyone's independence and freedom, due to the influence of China's traditional culture, China people have been adhering to the Confucian ideas of "loyalty and filial piety", "benevolence and righteousness" and "family harmony and prosperity", and still continue the habit of family life. Because of this, the 5,000-year-old traditional culture of China has been preserved and passed down.

Value meaning

"Home" is of special significance to China people. From family to family, to the country and to the world, China people take "home" as a link to settle down, build society, manage the country and the world, and pass it on from generation to generation. In China culture, which advocates humanistic spirit and secular life, home has a very high status as a place to eat and live, a bond of consanguinity and consanguinity. Family culture thought is the spiritual force to maintain social order and national cohesion, the spiritual source of the Chinese nation and the link between the preceding and the following, which has effectively stabilized the social order in China for thousands of years.

Family is the cell of China society. Chinese civilization has a long history of five thousand years. Family culture is the essence of Chinese civilization and the soul of the Chinese nation. It plays an extremely extensive and far-reaching role: cultivating family ties, stabilizing society, handling contradictions and educating future generations ... Family culture has made unique and outstanding contributions to the peaceful and sustainable inheritance of the Chinese nation from generation to generation.

major element

1. Family rules: family rules, family training and family style;

As the saying goes: "national laws, family rules." Family rules and family instructions are the teachings of ancestors to their children and grandchildren, so that they can live in the world and manage their homes well. It is an important part of China's traditional culture and family. It plays an important role in the history of China, and it is also a necessary part to make the country prosperous. Since the early Han Dynasty, family instruction works have gradually become rich and colorful with the evolution of dynasties. Genealogy records many famous sayings and aphorisms about being a parent, which has become a good strategy to manage the family and a model of "cultivating self-cultivation" and "keeping the family in order". For example, the idea of "one porridge and one meal, when thinking is hard won" [1] still has positive significance today. In the genealogy, there are many detailed family instructions and rules to be observed by future generations. Famous family instructions have been handed down in every dynasty in history, from Yan Family Instructions by Yan Zhitui (the ancestor of Zhenqing) in the Northern Qi Dynasty to Model Instructions by Emperor Taizong, Family Instructions by Sima Guang, Family Instructions by Lu You, Laws of Zheng Family by Zheng Taihe in the Yuan Dynasty and Family Instructions by Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the most famous commandments, such as Yan Jiaxun and Zhu Zi Jiaxun, are widely known so far.

The ancients said: "Moral heirloom, more than ten generations; Farming and reading are second; Poetry and calligraphy are handed down from family to family; Wealth is a family heirloom, but three generations. " In other words, from the perspective of family and family continuity, morality can be passed down for more than ten generations, followed by farming and reading, while wealth is only passed down for three generations. It is precisely because of the consideration of future generations' good fortune and family inheritance that people in traditional society pay more attention to moral education for future generations. Family Instructions of Yan Family, Family Instructions of Zhu Family and Family Letters of Zeng Guofan all pay attention to cultivating and honing the moral quality of future generations. "Zhu Jiaxun" said: "There is no enmity with the world, and the method of managing the family is selfless. Don't harm others and benefit yourself, don't be jealous of talents. " "Zeng Guofan's Letter" said: "All mortals want their descendants to be big officials, but I don't want to be big officials. I hope to be a sensible gentleman. Diligence and self-control, diligence and hardship, can be happy, this gentleman is also. " It can be seen that since ancient times, the continuation of family and family is only the most basic, and the inheritance of moral character and good family style is the real meaning of "passing on from generation to generation". ?

2. Family study: family education and family study;

Tutoring refers to the words and deeds of parents in the family, and parents educate their children to be human and do things through their good words and deeds. A good family education is very important for a child's life. China people attach importance to family, so many books, proverbs and stories about family education have been handed down. Stories such as Family Training Poems and Twenty-four Filial Pieties are circulated among the people. There are many ancient books about family education, among which Disciples Rules and Book of Rites? Collection of "Yan Family Instructions"? Some contents in ancient books such as Godson can still be used for reference today. They have a common feature, that is, through the subtle "ritual" education, to achieve the educational effect of "stopping evil and keeping people away from evil unconsciously"

We have a word called "the origin of family learning", which embodies the inheritance and development of family learning. China culture takes "home" as the main body. It can be said that the family has played an inestimable role in the inheritance of China culture. Many precious historical facts are recorded in the genealogy; Many exquisite crafts are handed down from generation to generation in the family; Many ideas and knowledge are carried forward in the family's inheritance. China's family culture pays special attention to accumulation and inheritance, passing on the good things from generation to generation, accumulating and inheriting constantly, and making China's 5,000-year-old civilization have a long history.

3. Family genealogy: genealogy, family riding;

In ancient times, it was said that "if you have a husband and a wife, you will be home." Also, "Home is within a door". The so-called genealogy, in a narrow sense, should be the genealogy of the family that has been in the Ministry. Genealogy is a CD of biography, which records the origin, development, achievements and names of descendants of a family. It is a unique cultural heritage created, accumulated and passed down by the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and Chinese at home and abroad regard it as the basis for seeking roots and identifying blood relationship. "Birds fly thousands of miles away from the forest, and trees are taller." It is the inherent secular concept of Chinese descendants to trace their roots and carry forward their ancestors' virtues. Throughout the ages, the Chinese nation has national history, local chronicles and genealogy, thus forming the glory of China's 5,000-year history of civilization.

Before the Han Dynasty, genealogy books recorded in official history were mostly in the name of "Shi Jia", which was owned by princes and doctors and people with great social influence. Such as Qi Taigong family, Lu Gong family, Confucius family and Chen She family. Starting from the Han Dynasty, it took Shiben as the bibliography, which specifically recorded surnames, lineages, residences, works and so on. There are fifteen books in this world. In the Sui Dynasty, there were various names of genealogy, including genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy and so on. According to the official records, the book Genealogy first appeared in the official records, which is the Record of Yang's Genealogy and Tomb. After Sui Dynasty, the names of genealogies really began to increase in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, such as Xie's genealogy, Xue's genealogy, Yan's genealogy and Li Yongxiu's genealogy. Family travel belongs to the category of genealogy, so a small number of genealogies use family travel. Although there are not many family members, the appellation units of genealogy often use "Mahayana", such as Fu Zi's Mahayana, an official branch and Xiatheravada. Multiplication has become another name for pedigree quantization.

Connotation core

Family is the cell that constitutes society, and a good family culture can help people resist the temptation of utilitarianism and money worship; A good family culture can calm people's impetuous and flashy mentality, and also breed a clean and honest folk customs and political style. China's excellent traditional culture has left a valuable spiritual legacy for us to build a good family culture. The few words of the ancients can benefit us a lot. Zhuge Liang taught his son in the Commandment: "A gentleman's journey is to cultivate one's morality by quietness and frugality." Not indifferent, not awake, not quiet, not far away "; Yan Zhitui said in "Yan Family Instructions": "It is better to accumulate wealth than to be refined"; When Ouyang Xiu taught his second son, Ouyang Yi, to study hard in "On Teaching", he wrote: "Jade is uncut and abrasive; People don't learn, they don't know "; Zhu Bailu warned later generations in "Zhu Zi Family Instructions": "A porridge and a meal, when thinking is hard-won; Half a thread, persistent material difficulties ... "... Throughout the history of China's development," home "has always been an indelible mark of China people, bearing the ultimate fantasy and belonging of all people to life. Family culture integrates China's politics, traditional religion, etiquette and customs with its cultural life, which makes China's culture extremely compatible and transcends the national limitations. ?

Inheritance measures

Family culture has a great influence on families and individuals. Meng Mu chose his neighbor to live in resentment, but he inspired a generation of sage Mencius. Liang Qichao's grandfather worked hard to shape his family culture and scholarly family, thus cultivating Liang Qichao, a thinker with outstanding academic achievements. Zhuangzi said: Nature has its share. We can't escape it, and we can't add anything. "Sex" is related to the moral cultivation of ancestors and the cultural origin of clans, which will affect the mentality, temperament, knowledge, character and wealth of the next generation. Pass on art from generation to generation. For example, many professional families or cultural families passed down from generation to generation by ancestors or fathers and sons gradually formed a "family culture", which made family members "naturally" away from evil, and Five Blessingg (longevity, wealth, corning, virtue and wealth) came to the door and lived happily. Inheritance measures mainly include:

1. genealogy repair

Help families to repair genealogy and inherit excellent family culture, so that each family can establish its own "genealogy" photo album, record the family's reproductive history, inherit the family rules and family instructions of ancestors, inherit the legacy of ancestors, carry forward the family's excellent traditions, preserve the family's important cultural heritage, reserve wisdom wealth for future generations, eliminate the invasion of non-mainstream culture, purify family culture, pass on blood and solidify family virtues. Finally, the family culture system of the new era will be formed, and it will become a "family heirloom" handed down from generation to generation, so that the new "family tree" of the new era will enter the homes of ordinary people at home and abroad in Qian Qian and the families of thousands of China people in Qian Qian. In the land of China and overseas Chinese, there has been an upsurge of seeking roots and ancestors, making a career and serving the country, and creating more brilliant achievements than their ancestors.

? 2. Tree family style

"Family style" is a kind of spiritual and cultural thing, which belongs to the ideological category and can also be called "family culture". As a "cultural" phenomenon, "family style", like living things, can be passed down from generation to generation, passed down and continued from generation to generation, and gradually formed relatively stable and specific customs, habits and styles. A good family style can make the family develop in a positive direction, while a bad family style will lead the family to different paths. Family style is of great significance to the development of families and family members, and to the social image of families and families. Therefore, it is necessary to help family members establish family demeanor, form good habits of life, study, work and entrepreneurship, inherit good family education and family style, and promote the harmony and stability of family and society.

Promote healthy qi

We should vigorously advocate and carry forward excellent traditional cultures such as filial piety culture, charity culture and honesty culture, and encourage traditional virtues such as self-improvement, respect for labor and happiness, physical fitness and good deeds, helping the poor, being brave, loving the old and loving the relatives. Carry out the action of saving the whole people and raising morality, and learn Lei Feng's voluntary service. Actively participate in and carry out activities to create civilized families, excavate and sort out the culture of family training and family trust, and cultivate young people with excellent family style. Attach importance to the protection and development of Chinese excellent traditional culture with important cultural value and inheritance significance.