How to adjust the industrial structure

First, enhance the sense of urgency of industrial restructuring.

China has always attached great importance to the coordinated development of three industries, and vigorously promoted the rapid development of industry and service industry without relaxing the agricultural foundation. From attaching importance to adjusting the proportion of agriculture, light industry and heavy industry to vigorously promoting the development of the tertiary industry, the tertiary industry structure has been developing in the direction of optimization and upgrading. However, we should also see that there are still some unreasonable places in China's industrial structure. Especially under the influence and impact of the international financial crisis, the problem of unreasonable industrial structure has become more prominent. Some industries have overcapacity and redundant construction, and even some emerging industries have "rushed into the herd". If the industrial structure is not adjusted in time and effectively, it will not only cause serious waste of resources, but also set obstacles for the orderly development of the whole industry in the future.

Objectively speaking, the irrational industrial structure, especially overcapacity and redundant construction, is not a phenomenon only today, nor is it a new problem we have just encountered today. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has always attached great importance to the adjustment of industrial structure, and has different industrial structure adjustment tasks in almost different periods, especially in different stages of economic development.

There is no doubt that there are many reasons for the unreasonable industrial structure at present. There is information asymmetry. For example, it may be reasonable and feasible for an enterprise to invest when it sees good market demand in the future. However, due to the information asymmetry between enterprises, the production capacity of many enterprises may exceed the future market demand. Of course, it is also closely related to the underdeveloped land market, resource market and capital market in China and the unreasonable pricing mechanism.

It is precisely because the unreasonable industrial structure is extremely complicated, the adjustment is very difficult, and the task of industrial structure adjustment is very arduous. For example, the elimination of some excess capacity may involve local fiscal revenue, employee placement, enterprise transformation, debt resolution and many other issues. Therefore, a complete elimination and withdrawal mechanism should be established to properly solve these problems. In this sense, China's industrial restructuring is facing an unprecedented battle.

Second, conform to the new trend of industrial restructuring.

According to the actual development stage of China's economy, the constraints of resources and environment, and the degree of social progress, especially in combination with the strategic objectives of China's economic and social development, China's industrial structure adjustment will show a new trend in the coming period, that is, taking high-tech industries as the driving force and modern service industry and modern manufacturing industry as the two wheels of development to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The main basis is as follows. First, although China has entered a stage of economic development dominated by heavy chemical industry, the contribution rate of heavy industry to economic growth is higher than that of light industry and service industry. However, whether the industrial structure is dominated by heavy industry or light industry and service industry, changing the traditional growth mode of extensive economic is the key to economic restructuring and industrial upgrading. To change the mode of economic development, it is necessary to increase the penetration of high and new technologies into traditional industries and promote the adjustment of industrial structure with technological progress. In the long run, this is to promote industrial restructuring. Secondly, the history of economic development and industrialization theory show that a good industrial structure should be the coordinated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Therefore, the industrialization development of China must give consideration to both modern manufacturing and modern service industries. Third, both traditional manufacturing and traditional service industries are facing the arduous task of adjustment, transformation and upgrading. Using technological progress and high technology is an important way to promote the structural upgrading of traditional manufacturing and traditional service industries, and also the main way to improve their competitiveness. Therefore, the adjustment of industrial structure in China must be based on the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing and service industries, and then develop modern manufacturing and service industries. This is also an inevitable choice to improve the international competitiveness of China's industry.

To realize the adjustment, optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure, the key at present is to promote the development of modern service industry with technological progress, focusing on the development of modern service industry with high scientific and technological content and high labor productivity, making it one of the main driving forces to promote economic growth and industrial structure optimization. At the same time, we should also use high and new technologies, especially information technology and modern scientific and technological achievements, to promote the development of modern manufacturing industry and comprehensively improve its economic benefits and industrial competitiveness. Of course, in this process, it is necessary to speed up the transformation of economic development mode, promote technological innovation and management innovation, make high-tech and modern management systems widely used in modern service enterprises and modern manufacturing enterprises, and make modern service industries and modern manufacturing industries become modern emerging industrial sectors with rapidly improved productivity, management ability, labor quality and industrial international competitiveness. Based on this, we need to choose different focus points for different industries. For traditional industries and labor-intensive industries, such as agriculture, textile, light industry, production and life services, efforts should be made to improve the technical content, form characteristic crafts and well-known brands, and increase added value; For capital-intensive or technology-intensive high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing industries, we should support independent innovation through policy guidance, form independent intellectual property rights, and continuously improve international competitiveness; For aerospace, biotechnology, high-performance computer chips, new energy, new materials and other strategic industries that are conducive to the formation of new advantages in international competition, we should not only strengthen policy guidance, but even need direct financial investment to form our own "fist" products.

Third, take multiple measures to promote structural optimization and upgrading.

First, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode. One-sided pursuit of economic growth rate, extensive economic's development model, and the way of thinking that heavy industry ignores service industry are still the main ideological roots that restrict and constrain economic restructuring and industrial structure optimization. Facing the pressure of energy resources and environment in China, the mode of developing economy by increasing the input of material resources is unsustainable. Extensive economic's growth model has obviously failed to meet the needs of future economic and social development. It is necessary to establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic development model, realize the unity of speed and structural quality and benefit, and coordinate economic development with population, resources and environment.

Second, actively promote the transformation of traditional service industry and the development of modern service industry. We should vigorously develop the producer service industry as the intermediate input and demand of commodity production, and give full play to its strong industrial driving ability and extensive radiation. Focus on the development of modern service industry represented by information, science and technology, finance, accounting, consulting and law, and improve the overall level of service industry. Actively develop emerging service industries with great demand potential such as property management, tourism, community service, education and training, culture and sports, and form new economic growth points. On the basis of full competition, we will optimize traditional service industries such as commerce, trade and catering by using modern technology and modern management science, and improve the technical level and operational efficiency. It is also necessary to optimize the organizational structure of enterprises, rely on advantageous enterprises, cultivate and form a number of large companies and groups with diversified investment subjects, promote joint reorganization of enterprises, and implement network and brand management. What needs to be emphasized here is that the development of service industry and the promotion of industrialization are not contradictory, but can promote and integrate each other to a higher degree and become an important force to promote economic growth and social progress. Because on the one hand, with the deepening of specialized division of labor within the industry, the industry is increasingly dependent on the scale and degree of development of the service industry; On the other hand, informatization is an important driving force to improve the scientific and technological content of industry, drive enterprise management innovation, business process reengineering and organizational system innovation. Moreover, from the perspective of industrial correlation, the development of industry puts forward increasing personalized demand for service industry, and industry determines the demand scale and product structure of producer service industry; As an intermediate product and input of the service industry, industry also plays an important role, especially the infrastructure, consumer goods and means of production required by the service industry are basically provided by industry. For example, from the perspective of industrial chain composition, industrial competitiveness is increasingly dependent on the support of business services such as design and planning, technology research and development, and logistics; There is not much room to reduce costs simply by expanding processing scale, so the promotion of industrial competitiveness in the future depends largely on the development of service industry. Therefore, through the organic combination of developing service industry and promoting new industrialization, we can vigorously promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the sound and rapid development of national economy.

Third, pay attention to the role of the market mechanism. First, strive to create and maintain a market environment conducive to fair competition, and promote enterprises to follow the market mechanism to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure; Second, actively promote the establishment of a unified national market system, and build a unified national market system by deepening reforms, abandoning local protectionism and market blockade, avoiding the convergence of industrial structure; Third, improve the enterprise market exit mechanism, promote the rational flow of production factors, so that all localities can give full play to their regional advantages according to the principle of comparative advantage, thus avoiding low-level duplication and horizontal competition.

Improve laws and policies that are conducive to saving energy resources and protecting the ecological environment, so as to optimize the industrial structure and promote the realization of environmental protection goals, and promote the optimization of industrial structure by formulating strict industrial investment environment standards, so as to realize the benign interaction and coordinated development of environmental protection and industrial structure optimization, and gradually form a system and mechanism for sustainable development; At the same time, it is also necessary to guide the investment direction through fiscal and taxation means, promote the optimization of investment structure, and give play to its signal and guiding role in industrial restructuring.