Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Agronomic water conservation [Agronomic water conservation: the leading water-saving agriculture]
Agronomic water conservation [Agronomic water conservation: the leading water-saving agriculture]
Selection of drought-resistant high-yielding crops and varieties of a large number of research and practice has proved that the crop varieties of water use efficiency by their own genetic characteristics, morphological features and physiological processes, and in the environmental conditions and cultivation measures to be reflected in the application of the integrated, in turn, through the selection of crop varieties to achieve the efficient use of water resources, has great potential.
Improvement of farming methods Reasonable soil tillage has the effect of regulating the physical properties of the soil, water storage and moisture conservation, and increase the availability of nutrients. At present, the development trend of China's farming methods is: according to local conditions, from more plowing tends to less plowing or no-till, from shallow plowing tends to deep plowing, from ploughing tends to deep pine, from a single crop tends to rotate grain and grass or moderate leisure, pay attention to soil and water conservation, and rainwater storage of moisture.
In addition, also take both water and soil conservation farming technology system, such as horizontal and high farming, water storage and fertilization to change the soil farming as well as water storage and cover the productive ditch farming. At present, the city should be adapted to the introduction of deep pine plow, no-till fertilizer sowing farm machinery and supporting technology, broad-spectrum efficient non-toxic herbicides for our use.
Farmland water and fertilizer coupling and efficient use of technology water and nutrients is an important factor affecting agricultural production, and crop growth and yield are closely related. The basic problem of crop nutrition is to solve the limited water resources, rational fertilization, fertilization of the ground, give full play to the synergistic effect of water and fertilizer and incentives to improve the efficiency of water use and in the condition of not increasing the amount of fertilizer, to obtain the maximum economic benefits.
Ground Covering Technology Ground covering has the advantages of inhibiting soil water evaporation, storing precipitation, maintaining soil moisture, and increasing ground temperature, etc., and the technology is simple and low-cost, which is a disaster-resistant, water-saving and high-yield measure for the efficient use of water resources.
The basic principle of chemical water-saving technology is to use organic polymers and water under the affinity of the formation of liquid membrane substances, respectively, applied to seeds, seedlings, soil and plants, the use of macromolecules or membrane substances to regulate the control of water to achieve the purpose of absorbing and retaining water, inhibiting evaporation, reducing transpiration, preventing seepage, increasing water storage, water conservation, water conservation, water, water saving and effective water supply, so as to increase the utilization rate of water.
Rice seedbed no (less) tillage dry seedling technology
Technology introduction: this technology is based on soil fertility, biology, thermodynamic theory, and the integrated application of the technical principles of no (less) tillage, seed coating agent (dry nursery nanny), dry seedling raising, and ground film cover. This technology integrates the advanced technologies of no (less) tillage, seed coating agent (dry nursery nanny), dry rice-planting and mulching in rice dry rice-planting, simplifies the rice-planting process, reduces the cost of rice-planting, lightens the labor intensity, improves the quality of rice seedlings, and is easy to learn and use. Compared with tilling dry rice seedlings, each mu of rice field in the cultivation of seedlings can save money and increase income 35 to 40 yuan, the economic benefits are very obvious.
Technology responsible: Agricultural Technology Station of Pengshan County Agricultural and Forestry Bureau, Meishan City, Sichuan Province.
Technology stage: mature application stage.
Significance: The group successfully carried out the exploration and research of rice seedbed no (less) tillage dry seedling technology, creatively summarized the "rice seedbed no (less) tillage dry seedling technology", and demonstrated and popularized its application in production practice, and achieved remarkable benefits.
Research on disease prevention and control technology and products for dry seedling planting
Project introduction: The project focuses on the causes of rice dry seedling planting diseases, and puts forward "deficiency and supplementation", "symptomatic use of medication", and "prevention-oriented" disease prevention technology. Prevention-oriented" disease prevention and control technology, and the materialization of technology, the development of successful prevention and control of dry seedling disease "dry rice green" series of products, large-scale production and demonstration and promotion, and achieved good disease prevention and treatment, cultivation of strong seedling effect.
In this project, "Dry Seedling Green No.1" and "Dry Seedling No.3" are used to correct and prevent physiological yellow (white) disease; "Dry Seedling Green No.4" is used to prevent and control standing wilt; "Dry Rice Green No. 4" is used for seed treatment, which can also cure standing blight and malignant seedling disease; "Dry Rice Green No. 4" and "Dry Rice Green No. 4" are combined to form the special fertilizer for dry rice seedbeds. Special fertilizer for seedbed of dry rice-planting green" combined with "dry rice-planting green No.4", which integrates sterilization, supplementation and seedling strengthening, effectively prevents physiological and bacterial diseases of dry rice-planting and simplifies the technology of rice-planting fertilization, providing a reliable guarantee for the promotion of dry rice-planting technology.
Project responsible: Agricultural Science Research Institute of Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, and Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute of Huaiyin, Xuhui District, Jiangsu Province.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Application and promotion of high-yield rice dry-breeding seedling technology
Technology introduction: This technology is aimed at the characteristics of the Chengdu Plain, which is dominated by the rice-wheat (oil) two-maturity field, and applies the technical principle of Japanese dry-breeding seedling thinning cultivation method to improve and innovate, and researches the key technology of successfully cultivating large seedling seedlings in the dry land, with the age of the seedling up to 40-60 days, the age of the leaves up to 6.0-8.5 leaves, and after 7 years of experimental demonstration, supporting and perfecting the formation of a set of adaptable, wide range of applications, easy to operate high-yield cultivation of new technologies, breaking through the Japanese technology is limited to the application of the scope of the small seedlings, has an important value of the production and cultivation of science and technology, to solve the two-season field large-scale popularization and popularization of dry seedling technology problems, yield increase of 5% -10%.
Technology responsible: The Second Institute of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
Stage of the technology: middle stage.
Rice dry seedling dead seedling mechanism research and dry seedling robust agent development
Project description: The project adopts the method of acid salt plus acid root adsorbent through acid root adsorption can be instantly and effectively to achieve the conditions required for the growth of dry seedling. And no sulfur and dilute acid on the soil structure of the destructive effect, and ultimately can be decomposed into nutrients absorbed and utilized by seedlings, is a more ideal way to adjust the acid. The screened seedling stomatal closure regulator reduces transpiration water loss by regulating stomatal closure, reduces the occurrence of green blight, and at the same time, makes the drought-resistant capacity of seedlings greatly strengthened.
Project responsibility: Plant Protection Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Project stage: Intermediate stage.
Rice new nutritional modifier research
Product introduction: the product through the study of different treatments of the quality of seedlings and resistance, screening the latest scientific formulas, mastery of its use of technology; also developed the green Wobao, the use of seedling promoters and biological bacterial agents to improve the quality of seedlings and fertilizer use rate, to healthy and strong seedlings to achieve the goal of prevention of disease, to reduce the amount of pesticides and fertilizers, thus reducing costs and protecting the environment. Reduce costs and protect the environment.
Researching the optimal usage amount and ratio of seedling promoter, bio-fungus preparation and nutrient elements needed for seedling growth and development; strengthening the seedling's rooting ability and root function, regulating the balance of above-ground and below-ground growth, and enhancing the resistance to disease and adversity; screening out the newest scientific formulas, and mastering the use of this product's technology.
Products responsible: Tonghua City, Jilin Province, Agricultural Science Research Institute.
Stage of the product:Mature application stage.
Significance:The product is developed as a rice dry seedling nutrient soil masterbatch to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and harmful pesticides, and make full use of the beneficial biofungus fertilizer and plant source bio-extracts, so as to achieve the purpose of seedling strengthening and protecting the environment.
Drought-resistant no-till precision seeding machine development and demonstration
Product introduction: the product developed 2BQMS-2 no-till sitting water precision seeding and fertilizer machine. The machine is for 11-13.2kW four-wheeled tractor supporting, set sit-water seeding, no-till seeding and precision seeding three advanced technologies as a whole, a time can complete a number of operations, high operating efficiency, to ensure timely seeding, improve yield, can make full use of supporting power, energy savings, reduce operating costs, reduce operating costs. At the same time, according to the actual needs of the planting season to meet a number of different contents of the seeding operation, to realize the corn, soybean, peanut precision seeding. The machine can fully meet the technical requirements of no-tillage, water sitting, precision seeding and fertilizer application in agronomy, and all the performance indexes are in line with the requirements of the plan and mission statement, which are welcomed by the majority of farmers.
Product responsible: Liaoning Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute.
The stage of the product: the middle stage.
Demonstration and promotion of corn seed coating technology
Technology Introduction: The technology is to match the seed coating agent with the seed in a certain proportion, so that the surface of the seed is cured into a uniform water only absorbs and does not dissolve, forming a protective barrier around the seed, so that the seed is disinfected, to prevent the infestation of soil-borne pathogens, with the germination of the seed out of the soil, the agents and fertilizers are slowly released from the underground roots, which can be used to prevent diseases and insect pests. The role of the seedling, to ensure that the seedling full, seedling, seedling strong, strong growth, root and leaf thick, thick and healthy plants, for the increase in production to lay a good foundation.
Technical responsibility: Seed Management Station of Jinggu County, Yunnan Province.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Vegetable seed coating agent development and development
Product introduction: the product development of kale, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, green vegetables, high-quality, high-efficiency, safe seed coating agent formulations of each one and three kinds of pellet granulation formulas; the production of more than 650 kilograms of coating agent, coating of all types of seeds more than 11,000 kilograms and demonstration of planting; field trials have confirmed that the coating agent can improve the quality of seedlings and survival, etc. Seedling quality and survival rate, etc., and its effect of preventing some of the diseases in the seedling stage is more than 60% higher than that of the control, and the yield of some leafy vegetables is increased by 5-10%; it has proposed the seed coating technology and process of kale, tomato, cucumber, bell pepper, eggplant and other major vegetable crops that can be commercially produced.
Product responsible: Institute of Horticulture and Vegetable Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Stage of technology: Intermediate stage.
Significance: The product uses natural bioactive substances, in line with the direction of China's drug development. It reduces the number of times and the amount of pesticides used in the field through film coating; pill granulation coating saves the amount of sowing and the amount of ingredients and pesticides; in addition, seed coating can improve the quality of seeds and market competitiveness.
Compound multi-functional agricultural water retention agent development and application
Product Description: The product adopts the "aqueous solution polymerization sub-control synthesis method" patented technology to produce highly absorbent resins, which effectively solves the problem of polymerization in the production process. Special cross-linking agent is selected to solve the technical difficulties of compounding inorganic nutrients, inorganic water-absorbing minerals, plant growth regulating substances and high water-absorbent resins, which makes the product yield more than 85% at one time.
The product improves the function of water retaining agent from physical water retaining and improving the water absorbing ability of root system, forming a multi-functional product integrating water retaining, water supplying, fertilizer retaining, fertilizer supplying, and regulating the physiology of crops, which improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.
Product responsible: National Center for Agricultural Technology Extension Services.
Stage of technology: Intermediate stage.
Significance: The overall level of research on the product has reached the domestic leading level, and it has reached the international advanced level in terms of multi-functionality of the product, long-lasting and low-cost, and salt resistance.
5BW-50 Seed Coating Pelletizer
Product Introduction: This product introduces new seed coating pelletizing technology and develops 5BW50 Seed Coating Pelletizer. This product is mainly applied to the coating and pelletizing operation of grain, oilseed crop seeds, vegetable, flower seeds, and fly sown pasture seeds.
The control system of 5BW50 seed coating and pelletizing machine adopts industrial special computer, which can complete the coating or pelletizing operation of seeds of grain, vegetable, pasture and cash crops with high quality and high precision. In order to adapt to the different scale of seed processing requirements, the control system can be switched between fully automatic, manual.
The machine is characterized by correct measurement, convenient adjustment of the proportion of chemicals, powders and seeds, uniform atomization, good quality of coating and pelletizing, high power productivity, corrosion resistance and long service life.
Products responsible for: National Center for Agricultural Technology Extension Services.
Technology stage: middle stage.
Development of low-cost salt-resistant new water-retaining agent
Product description: The subject uses aqueous solution polymerization method to prepare highly absorbent composite water-absorbing materials by grafting***polymerization of inexpensive inorganic clay concave bar with hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid. As the composite absorbent material is characterized by low cost, salt and alkali resistance as well as high water absorption. The bumpy bar is pre-treated to improve its surface activity, which can enhance the gel strength and water absorption of the cross-linked organic-inorganic graft***polymerization product; experimental tests show that the water retaining agent developed by the organic-inorganic composite method can be applied repeatedly for many times and has a longer service life than that of the current single organic polymerization of water retaining agent; the organic-inorganic composite water-absorbing agent, which has a high water absorption capacity, can be applied repeatedly for many times. -inorganic composite water-absorbing agent, greatly reducing product costs.
At present, this product can be widely used in agriculture, forestry and ecological construction in western arid and semi-arid areas in drought resistance, seed coating, crop dipping, soil and water conservation and soil improvement.
Product responsible: Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Stage of technology: Intermediate stage.
Development of Nutritional Drought Resistant Water Retention Agent and Research on Yield Enhancement Effect
Product Description: The nutrient water retention agent has a spherical or elliptical appearance and any other geometric shape. Including the kernel and shell, the shell for the nutritive organic - inorganic composite, the main components include rare earth, soil minerals, fly ash, adhesives, cellulose, pesticides, fungicides, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and trace elements and other combinations of nutritive organic - inorganic composite; kernel for the composite water-retaining agent, the main components include polymer absorbent materials, rare earth, cellulose, trace elements, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, water absorption multiples of 50-300 times.
The field test and demonstration show that the nutrient-type drought-resistant water retaining agent and nutrient-type drought-resistant water retaining ball improve the soil structure while effectively increasing the soil water storage capacity, have no side effects on crops, do not pollute the environment, and are harmless to human beings and animals, and have obvious roles such as promoting roots and strengthening the seedling, and can effectively increase the utilization rate of precipitation in the dry farming area.
Technology responsible: Soil Fertilizer Research Institute of Henan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Stage of technology: middle stage.
Significance: The research has solved the formulation, manufacturing process and crop yield-enhancing effect of nutritive drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and the researched products are applicable to all crops and landscaping.
Application and Promotion of Agricultural Drought Resistant and Water Preservation Technology
Technology Introduction: The technology is centered on making full use of limited water sources, introducing and promoting environmentally friendly and efficient drought-resistant and water preservation agents, promoting the economic and efficient application of water preservation agents, and assembling and supporting agronomic and water-saving technologies such as appropriate sowing period, improving the quality of sowing, reasonable fertilizer application, and mulching of mulch film and stalks. With the construction of demonstration areas as a guide, technical training as a guarantee, the use of existing up and down through the horizontal alliance of the promotion network system, the realization of water-preserving agent in the project area of the popularization and application of water conservation, to achieve water conservation and efficiency, improve the water utilization rate of the purpose. The technology in grain, cash crops, melons and vegetables and forest fruits on the 10 kinds of crops research and demonstration of water-preserving agent use, the use of the effect, supporting technology, etc., the formation of a set of mature water-preserving agent application specifications.
Technology responsible: Tianjin Agricultural Technology Extension Station.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Significance: This technology is aimed at the severe situation of the increasing shortage of water resources in Tianjin, and the promotion of environmentally friendly and efficient drought-resistant water-preserving agents and related water-saving technologies is of great significance in improving the ability of the arable soil to store and preserve water and supply water, making full use of precipitation and irrigation water, improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and safeguarding the production of agricultural crops.
Rice water conservation and efficiency technology development and application
Technology introduction: the technology mainly adopts the combination of biological water conservation, agronomic water conservation, chemical water conservation, engineering water conservation and management water conservation, and with the corresponding water-saving main technology and supporting technology.
Specific technical measures: change the traditional way of farming, the implementation of the whole dry land, less no-till cultivation; change the whole life cycle of rice often keep the water layer for shallow, wet, dry combination and even wet management of irrigation; take a variety of water-saving cultivation methods, such as paddy field dry seeding, mulching, rice straw cover, milk seedling planting, etc.; selection of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum, low-residual pesticides or biologically-based formulators to reduce environmental pollution, and promote green cultivation. environmental pollution, and promote green cultivation.
Technical responsibility: Liaoning Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Research Institute, Northern Hybrid Japonica Rice Engineering Technology Center.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Demonstration and promotion of standardized technology of dry breeding and thinning rice planting
Technology introduction: this technology absorbs advanced rice production concepts and technical connotations of Japan and China's northeastern region, and establishes technical regulations for rice production in Ningxia through scientific and technological research and integrated demonstration. Dry breeding strong seedlings, wide rows of sparse planting, control nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, control of irrigation and other key technologies integrated supporting the application of the optimization of the group structure, group growth balanced, individual growth, development process earlier, enhance the ability to resist low temperature and cold, drought resistance and disease resistance, to solve the long-term plagued the rice production in Ningxia, the "three highs" problem.
Technology responsible: Agricultural Technology Extension General Station of Yinchuan Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia.
Technology stage: mature application stage.
Significance: The technology has taken measures such as establishing precise demonstration areas and training farmers' technical teams, and has demonstrated and popularized the standardized technology of dry sparse planting for a total of 870,000 mu, which has made an outstanding contribution to the establishment of Ningxia's dominant position in the industrialization of rice and ensuring food security.
Rice dry sparse planting standardized technology system research and demonstration
Technology introduction: the technology for the industrial production of rice in Ningxia prevails in the low quality of seedlings, high sowing, high density, high nitrogen application and other phenomena, drawing on the use of domestic and foreign most advanced rice cultivation theories and techniques, from improving the quality of seedlings to improve field cultivation technology and management mode, to achieve the seedling field from random to fixed direction. Random unfixed to fixed direction, fertilization method from the past a single spring to summer pile autumn, summer pile spring and fixed fertilization diversification, the use of standardized technology and high-quality varieties combined with good results, through the demonstration of the verification, the whole rice rate increased, cracked rice rate and chalk rate decreased, demonstration of technology by the recognition of the farmers and processing enterprises, resulting in a good economic and social benefits.
Technology responsible: General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Stage of technology: early stage.
Research and application of water storage and moisture conservation mechanism and measures
Project description: The water storage and moisture conservation? Mechanisms and measures of research and application of the project for the shortage of water resources in Beijing, carried out water storage and conservation? The research on the efficient utilization of water resources puts forward the characteristics of the regional distribution of the average multi-year water volume in Beijing and the inter-annual distribution characteristics, and establishes mathematical models for the soil moisture movement under the conditions of different farming and engineering measures, rainfall infiltration under the conditions of sloping mulch, redistribution of soil moisture under the conditions of sloping mulch, and prediction and forecasting of the soil moisture situation. The prediction and forecasting of the situation and other mathematical models.
The project puts forward, according to the actual needs of production, the livestock and water conservation measures and agronomic measures suitable for suburban areas in Beijing.
The project proposes measures and agronomic measures suitable for livestock and water conservation in suburban areas of Beijing, the optimal cover pattern suitable for seed germination and seedling emergence, and the technology of water retaining agent, etc. It also establishes a mathematical model reflecting the law of movement of soil moisture in the further layers under the condition of straw mulching, which can be used to predict and forecast the soil condition. The situation prediction forecast.
Project responsibility: Beijing Institute of Water Resources Science.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Significance: Through the implementation of the project, the Tongzhou Yongledian grain field experimental demonstration area and the Changping Nanshao fruit tree experimental demonstration area have been established, with remarkable economic benefits.
Polyethylene (PE) geomembrane seepage control project technical specifications
Technical Description: To improve the construction of polyethylene geomembrane seepage control project to prevent losses or hazards due to the seepage of water and water solution to improve the utilization rate of water so that seepage control project to normal play a role in the benefits of the development of the specifications. The specification applies to the non-reinforced geomembrane for seepage control materials for hydraulic construction; things tunnels or other types of underground structures seepage control body cover and solid waste landfill; lining and other seepage control engineering design, construction and acceptance.
Technology responsible: Beijing Municipal Institute of Water Resources Science.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Development of a new type of liquid film and its application in agriculture and forestry
Product description: According to the performance of liquid film in warming and storing water and preserving moisture, a new type of biodegradable liquid film has been developed to study the application technology in the field of agriculture and forestry and to solve the problem of white pollution in the environment. The production process of the new liquid film is studied, and the composite emulsifier which is easy to emulsify asphalt and beneficial to plant growth is screened and developed. Through the use of new liquid mulch on the side of cypress, stinking cypress, camphor pine, jujube tree and other comparisons, the survival rate increased by 5.3%, 8.4%, 11.3%, 12.3%; new growth growth of 0.5-6.0cm.
The product proved that the application of the new liquid mulch on the survival of the seedlings and the growth of the seedling have a certain role in promoting the survival and growth of the seedlings and the growth of new growth in general. The survival rate of seedlings and the growth of new shoots were generally improved. The effect of liquid mulch on soil and water conservation was studied by measuring the runoff volume of slopes through spraying liquid mulch on slopes. By spraying liquid mulch on the sand flow site and measuring the change of sand flow, it proves that liquid mulch has a certain effect on preventing and slowing down the sand flow.
Product responsible: Shaanxi Province Protective Forest Construction Workstation.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
Dryland water storage nutrient bowl replenishment irrigation water-saving drought yield technology
Technology introduction: the technology can be used for melon and vegetable seedlings and field crops drought seeding, seedling time can be 15-20 days earlier than the normal sowing time; water content can reach 400-600%, water storage nutrient bowl can also be used for forestry seedling, cultivating forestry root nursery seedlings. Sparse hole dense planting hole fine irrigation drought-resistant technology, using the center pit radiation infiltration irrigation method. Straw water storage nutrient bowl sparse hole dense planting hole fine irrigation drought technology, mainly for dryland sparse crops, such as watermelon, pumpkin, corn, etc., not for wheat and other densely planted crops, can also be used for greenhouse nursery and forestry nursery.
Technology responsible: Dryland Agriculture Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Stage of technology: middle stage.
Significance: The straw water storage nutrient bowl and its cold-press molding manufacturing process have been declared as national invention patents. The hole fine irrigation technology is mainly supporting the field micro-collector project, but also suitable for the development of water-saving irrigation in the irrigation area, water conservation and drought has a better application prospects.
Promotion of seepage film covering technology
Technical profile: "seepage film development and application" project set up a seepage film production enterprises. It has reformed many types of seeding machines for percolating film cover. It has formed three sets of special agricultural implements suitable for the requirements of different regions with water-soaked mulch. Technical regulations for percolating film cover cultivation have been compiled. Indicators of water utilization rate were significantly improved. The index of water productivity is 1.75kg/mm for water-permeable mulch, which is 29.6% higher than that of ordinary mulch. The index of transpiration and evaporation ratio is 0.97 for water-permeable mulch, which is 29.3% higher than that of ordinary mulch (0.75), and 102% higher than that of no mulch (0.48). The water utilization index of water-permeable mulch was 55.2%, which was higher than the 47.8% of ordinary mulch. The yield increase of corn in water-permeable mulch cover was 20.0% to 35.0%.
Technology responsible: Institute for Comprehensive Examination of Agricultural Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Stage of technology: mature application stage.
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